SCHOOL OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

B.Tech
VIT Vellore
Slot: C1 & C2
Principles of communication Engineering (ECE-2024)

Submission Date: 10 October 2019 Digital Assignment - II Maximum Marks: 50 (Scaled to 10)

1. A FM wave is represented by SF M (t) = 10 sin[5 × 108t + 4 sin 1250t]. Find the following [6mark]

(i) Carrier and modulating frequencies.

(ii) Modulation index and maximum deviations
(iii) The power dissipated by this FM wave in a 5Ω resister.

2. A carrier wave of amplitude 10 V and frequency 100 MHz is frequency modulated by a sinusoidal
voltage. The modulating voltage has an amplitude 5 V and frequency f m = 20 kHz. The frequency
deviation is 2 kHz/Volt. Draw the frequency spectrum of the FM wave. [6mark]

3. Discuss the following in brief [8mark]

(i) What is pre-emphasis? Why is it used? Sketch the circuit of the pre-emphasis. Explain why
de-emphasis must also be used?
(ii) The direct method (Reactance modulator) for FM generation.
(iii) The phase discriminator (Foster-Seeley discrimination) for FM demodulation.
(iv) Explain the phase locked loop (PLL) for FM demodulation.

4. A band-limited signal x(t) is sampled by a train of rectangular pulse of width τ and the period
T s. [6mark]

(i) Derive the expression for the sampled signal

(ii) Determine the spectrum of the sampled signal and sketch it.
(iii) What is aliasing and how it is reduced?

5. A message signal m(t) = 4 sin[8 × 103t] is transmitted through a channel using 3 bit PCM. The
sampling rate is twice the Nyquist rate. Find the following [6mark]

i Calculate the parameters of PCM

ii If the sampled values are 3.9, 2.5, 0.2, 1.2, 3.8, 3.3 Determine the quantizer output and quantization
error for each sample.
iii Sketch the mid-rise characteristics of this uniform quantizer

6. A compact disc (CD) records audio signals digitally using PCM. Assume the audio signal BW is
15 KHz. [8mark]

(i) What is the Nyquist rate?

(ii) If the Nyquist samples are quantized into L = 65536 levels and then binary coded, determine
the number of binary digits required to encode a sample.

CAT-2 & C1 slot: Please go on to the next page. . .

Princple of Communication Engineering — ECE (2024) Page 2 of 2

(iii) Determine the number of binary digits/second (bit/s) required to encode the audio signal.
(iv) For practical reasons, the signal is sampled at a rate well above the Nyquist rate at 44100
samples/second. If L = 65536, determine number of bits/second required to encode the
signal and transmission bandwidth of the encoded signal.

7. Delta modulator (DM) gives output pulses +p(t) & −p(t) having 2 ms duration, amplitude of
628 mV and repeats itself in every 10ms. The output of the DM is +p(t) when the instantaneous
sample is larger than previous sample value and is −p(t) when the instantaneous sample is smaller
than previous sample. [5mark]

(i) Plot the input and output of the DM one below the other to the same scale if the input of
the DM is 1 volts sine wave of frequency 10KHz for one cycle of the input wave.
(ii) What is the maximum frequency with 1 volt amplitude that can be used in this DM system
without slope overload distortion.

8. A TV signal (video & audio) has bandwidth of 3.5 MHz. This signal is sampled, quantized and
binary coded to obtain a PCM signal [5mark]

(i) Determine the sample rate if the signal is sampled at a rate 20% above the Nyquist rate.
(ii) If the samples are quantized into 1024 levels, determine the number of binary pulses required
to encode the signal.

CAT-2 & C1 slot: End of exam