EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

Engr. John Angelo G. Cruz

Civil Engineering Department
© Google
FEU-Institute of Technology
 This presentation may contain errors that are corrected in class. It is the student’s duty to take note of these
errors.
The material that you are using is not a book, this will only serve as a supplementary lecture for your exercise.

Tuesday, September 4, 2018 2

 Course Outline

1. Basic Earthquake Engineering Definitions

2. Design Base Shear
3. Rigidity and Direct Shear
4. Eccentricity and Torsional Shear
5. Story Lateral Drifts and Deflections
6. Elementary Structural Dynamics
Module 3: Rigidity and Direct Shear
 Contents of Module 3:
Rigidity and Direct Shear
• Direct Shear
• Vertical Distribution of Base Shear
• Horizontal Distribution of Storey Shear
• Center of Mass
• Center of Rigidity
• Computation of Minimum Eccentricity
 Contents of Module 3:
Rigidity and Direct Shear
• Direct Shear
• Vertical Distribution of Shear Forces
• Horizontal Distribution of Storey Shear
• Center of Mass
• Center of Rigidity
• Computation of Minimum Eccentricity
 Vertical Distribution of Base Shear

• Each level x has storey shear equal to

where
V - design base shear in kN
Ft - whipping force in kN
wx - weight of level x
hx - height of level x with respect to base
Fx - Storey shear in kN
 Vertical Distribution of Base Shear

F3

Ft

F2

F1
y
x 𝐹𝑥 = 𝑉 − 𝐹𝑡

z
 Vertical Distribution of Base Shear

Level w (kN) h (m) w*h (kN-m) F

x
x-1
x-2
0
Total
 Horizontal Distribution of Shear

• The objective of horizontal distribution of shear is to determine how much

of the storey shear is distributed in the joints of the level. The distribution
is based on the stiffness (k) of the columns along the line of action of
forces.
(Shown below is the distribution of storey shear at LEVEL 1 along x-direction)

F1-4
F1-3
F1-2
F1-1
y
x
F1

z
(Shown below is the distribution of storey shear at LEVEL 2 along x-direction)

F2-4
F2-3
F2-2
F2-1

F2

y
x

z
 (Shown below is the distribution of storey shear at LEVEL 3 along x-direction)

(F3+Ft)-4
(F3+Ft)-3
(F3+Ft)-2
(F3+Ft)-1

(F3+Ft)

y
x

z
(Shown below is the distribution of storey shear at LEVEL 1 along z-direction)

F1-F
F1-E

F1-D

F1-C

F1-B F1
y F1-A
x

z
(Shown below is the distribution of storey shear at LEVEL 2 along z-direction)

F2-F
F2-E

F2-D

F2-C

F2-B F2
F2-A

y
x

z
(Shown below is the distribution of storey shear at LEVEL 3 along z-direction)

(Ft+F3)-F
(Ft+F3)-E
(Ft+F3)-D

(Ft+F3)-C

(Ft+F3)-B F3+Ft
(Ft+F3)-A

y
x

z
Direct Shear of Level 1 along X direction
Frame K (kN/mm) k/∑k F1 (kN) Fdirect
A
B
C
D
Total

Direct Shear of Level 1 along Z direction

Frame K (kN/mm) k/∑k F1 (kN) Fdirect
1
2
3
4
5
Total
 Assumptions of action of forces to column stiffness (k)
∆ ∆ ∆
P P P

L L L

(n-1) up to 2nd 1st level

nth level
level

3𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 12𝐸𝐼

𝑘= 3 𝑘= 𝑘= 3
𝐿 𝐿3 𝐿
Problem 4. From Problem 1,
• Project Name : Matabanako Elementary School
• Project Location : Taytay, Rizal
• Soil Characteristic : Soft Rock
• Concrete weight : 24kN/cu.m
• Use wall weight from NSCP 2010 of 3.3kPa with 1m parapet at deck
• Floor to floor height 4m of 3-storey structure with roof deck
• Design as special reinforce concrete moment frame
• Typical beam is 250x500mm and typical column is 350x350mm
• Slab thickness is 150mm
• Consider stairwell as slab only
• Econcrete = 24.87 GPa
• Architectural Finishes
– Include 20mm thk ceramic tiles on 25mm thk mortar on all places except roof deck
– 15mm thick gypsum board on standard metal framing system
– Include 0.10 kPa for MEPFS (utilities)
Solve for:

1. Direct Shear in all frames along x

2. Direct Shear in all frames along z
3. Draw the lateral forces in Frame 2
and Frame D
 Vertical Distribution of Forces

Level w (kN) h (m) w*h (kN-m) F (Storey Shear)

3
2
1
0
Total
 Horizontal Distribution of Forces

Direct Shear of Level ____ along X direction

Frame K (kN/mm) k/∑k F_ (kN) Fdirect
A
B
C
D
Total
 Direct Shear

Summary of Loads of Frames 1 and A

(F3+Ft)-A
(F3+Ft)-1

F2-A
F2-1

F1-A
F1-1

Frame 1 Frame A
 Contents of Module 3:
Rigidity and Direct Shear
• Direct Shear
• Vertical Distribution of Shear Forces
• Horizontal Distribution of Storey Shear
• Center of Mass
• Center of Rigidity
• Computation of Minimum Eccentricity
 Center of Mass and Rigidity

• Center of Mass is determined using Varignon’s Theorem with respect to

area of columns. This is the point on the floor in which the mass of the
columns is concentrated.

𝐴 𝑦𝑔 = (𝐴𝑦)

• Center of Rigidity is determined using Varignon’s Theorem with respect to

stiffness of columns. This is the point on the floor in which the storey
shear is concentrated.

𝑘 𝑦𝑟 = (𝑘𝑦)
where:
• Eccentricity 𝑒 = 𝑦𝑔 − 𝑦𝑟 e – eccentricity
𝑦𝑔 − location of center of gravity with respect to a reference line
𝑦𝑟 − location of center of gravity with respect to a reference line
 Minimum Eccentricity

• Excerpt from NSCP 2010 (same as 2015)

Problem 5. For the typical floor framing plan of problem 4,
a. Determine the location of center of gravity with respect to Frame 1 at level 2
b. Determine the location of center of gravity with respect to Frame D at level 2
c. Determine the eccentricities in both x and z directions.
d. If the eccentricity is zero, what is the accidental eccentricity in both
direction? Use NSCP 2010
• Problem 6. A structural framing plan of the second level of a storage
facility is shown below. Use storey height of 12m and E = 200 GPa
a. Determine the coordinates of the center of gravity and the center
of rigidity with respect to the origin (A1)
b. What are the eccentricities for both directions of storey shears?
 End of Module 3
Any questions hooooman?

© Google