a
advertisement: a special message
in the media that provides
information about a product or
service and persuades us to buy it
or take action.
air: a mixture of gases without a
fixed shape that surrounds the
Earth. We cannot see, taste or touch
it. Living things need it to breath.
anemometer: an instrument used to
measure the speed of the wind.
animal farmer: a person who raises
cows to get meat, milk and leather;
and raises chickens to get eggs.
atmosphere: the layer of air that
surrounds the Earth.
autonomous city: a self-governing
city.
autonomous community: a
self-governing community.
b
baker: a person who bakes and
sells bread, cakes, etc.
bin: a container for rubbish.
book: a work written or printed on
sheets of paper attached together or
published in electronic form.
SOCIAL SCIENCE
PRIMARY 2
breeze: a gentle wind.
bridge: a structure used to cross over a
river or road. It is a man-made feature
of a landscape.
bus: a large vehicle that travels on
land and carries passengers. It is a
form of collective transport.
c
calendar: a chart we use to
measure days, weeks, months and
years.
cape: a piece of land that sticks out
into the sea. It is a natural feature of
a landscape.
capital: the city where the government
of a place is.
car: a form of individual transport
with four wheels used to carry
people in.
card: a plastic card used as a
means of payment.
carpenter: a person who works
with wood.
castle: a fortified residence of a king
or nobleman in the past.
cathedral: an important church or
the principle church of a district
associated with a bishop.
1
 city: a place where there are many
houses with wide roads and tall
buildings away from nature where
many people live. It is a man-made
feature of the landscape.
cliff: a high rocky piece of land next
to the sea. It is a natural feature of a
landscape.
climate: the weather in a particular
place over a long period of time.
clock: an instrument used to
measure hours, minutes and
seconds.
cloud: small droplets of water
suspended in the air.
cloudy: the weather characterized
by many clouds in the sky.
coastal landscapes: areas of land
near the sea. There is low land with
sandy beaches or high land with
rocky cliffs.
cold: low temperature.
commerce: this is the buying and
selling of raw materials and
manufactured products.
compass: an instrument used to
determine the direction of something.
compass rose: the symbol on a
map that shows the compass points.
continent: a very large area of land.
cotton: a soft and light material that
comes from the cotton plant.
SOCIAL SCIENCE
PRIMARY 2
councillor: a member of a local
council.
country: an area of land that has its
own culture, language and
government.
course: the route a river takes.
craft worker: a person who works
in a workshop and uses their hands
or simple machines to transform raw
materials into manufactured
products.
crater: deep hole on the surface of
a planet or at the top of a volcano.
customers: people who buy goods
or services. They pay using money
or card.
cycle path: a path specifically made
for bicycles.
d
day: period of sunlight between
sunrise and sunset on the side of
Earth that is facing the Sun.
delivery man: a person who
delivers or distributes goods,
mail, etc. as a job.
doctor: a person who looks after
sick people as a job.
dressmaker: a person who makes
clothes for women as a job.
2
 e
Earth: the only planet with life in the
solar system. It is covered with land
and water and surrounded by air.
East: the compass point that faces
the rising Sun in the morning.
email (message): an electronic
message sent using the Internet.
email (system): a system for
sending messages, videos and
photos to other people using the
Internet.
f gale: a strong wind.
factory: a building where raw
materials are transformed into
manufactured products using
computers and large machines.
factory worker: a person who
works in a factory.
farmer: a person who grows plants
or raises animals.
festival: one day a year marked by
feasting or ceremonies.
firefighter: a person who fights fires
as a job.
fisherman: a person who catches
fish and other animals from the
rivers or seas for food as a job.
SOCIAL SCIENCE
PRIMARY 2
foot (mountain): the bottom of a
mountain.
fresh water: water you can drink or
use to water plants from the rain,
rivers, lakes and underground water.
full Moon: phase of the Moon when
it is a sphere.
future: what will happen.
g
gardener: a person who looks after
the parks and gardens as a job.
gaseous: state of water when it is
heated and changes from liquid to
vapour.
globe: a sphere that represents the
Earth on a small scale. It usually
spins on an axis, just like the Earth.
groundwater: fresh water you find
underground.
h
hail: small balls of ice that fall from
clouds to Earth. It is a type of
precipitation.
3
 hill: a very small mountain.
hot: having a high temperature.
hour: a time period of 60
minutes.
land: the solid part of the surface of
the Earth.
leather: a material made from the
skin of an animal.
letter: a written or printed message

i
usually sent by post in an envelope.

lighthouse: a tower or other

building near the sea that has a
bright light to guide ships. It is a
individual transport: a form of man-made feature of the landscape.
transport where few people travel
together. liquid: state of water after ice
is heated.
inland landscapes: areas of land
far away from the sea. There are
local council: an institution that
mountains and plains.
organizes public services. It is made
up of the mayor and councillors.
Internet: a network of computers
from all over the world to

m
communicate with other people and
find information. We use it for email,
web pages, social networks, etc.

island: a piece of land completely

surrounded by sea. It is a natural man-made feature: an important
element made by humans.
feature of a landscape.
manufactured product: products

j
made from raw materials.

map: the flat picture that shows the

Earth’s entire surface or parts of it.
Jupiter: the largest planet in the
solar system. Mars: the fourth furthest planet from
the Sun nicknamed the Red Planet.

l
mayor: the head of a local council.

meander: the bend in a river’s

course.
lake: a small body of fresh water
surrounded by land.

SOCIAL SCIENCE 4
PRIMARY 2
 media: a means of communication
that reaches many people, such as
television, newspapers, Internet
or radio.
Mercury: the smallest and nearest
planet to the Sun.
midday: the middle of the day.
miner: a person who mines rocks and
minerals from the ground as a job.
minute: a time period of 60
seconds.
mobile phone: a small and portable
telephone that works with texts,
sounds and images.
month: one of the twelve divisions
of the year.
Moon: the Earth’s natural satellite.
It is made of rock and moves around
the Earth.
motorway: a main road for vehicles
travelling fast in opposite directions.
It is a man-made feature of a
landscape.
mountain: a piece of high land. It is
a natural feature of a landscape.
mountain landscape: areas of high
land.
mountain range: a group of
mountains. It is a natural feature of a
landscape.
mouth: point in the course of a river
where the river meets the sea.
SOCIAL SCIENCE
PRIMARY 2
museum: a building where we can
look at old paintings and objects to
find out more about the past.
n
natural feature: an element formed
by nature, such as a mountain, a
lake or a river.
neighbour: a person who lives next
to or near another person.
neighbourhood: an area where a
group of people called neighbours
live.
Neptune: the furthest planet from
the Sun. It is a cold planet.
new Moon: phase of the Moon
when it is almost invisible.
new technology: current
technology that helps to make
communication faster and more
efficient.
newspaper: a paper-made daily
publication with all kinds of news.
night: period of darkness between
sunset and sunrise on the Earth’s
surface that is facing away from the
Sun.
North: the compass point that
indicates the direction of the North
Pole.
5
 o
ocean: very large area of salt water
on the Earth’s surface.
oxygen: one of the gases in the air
that living things need to breathe.
p
park: a green area of a city where
you can play sports, enjoy the
scenery and relax.
passenger: a person who travels in
a vehicle alongside the driver.
past: what happened before.
pavement: a path for pedestrians
alongside the road.
peak: the pointed top of a mountain.
pedestrian: a person who travels
on foot.
pedestrian crossing: a path across
a road for pedestrians.
personal communication:
communication between people.
phase (Moon): the shape the Moon
has depending on the light it
receives from the Sun.
SOCIAL SCIENCE
PRIMARY 2
physical map: a map that shows
landscape features.
plain landscapes: flat areas of
land, sometimes with low hills.
plane: a form of public transport that
travels in the air and carries
merchandise and passengers.
planet: celestial body that moves
around a star and does not give
out light.
plateau: a high, flat plain. It is a
natural feature of the landscape.
police officer: a person who keeps
the city safe as a job.
political map: a map that shows
the continents, countries and main
cities of the world.
pollution: harmful substances
introduced into the air or water.
port: a place where ships load or
unload. It is a man-made feature of
the landscape.
precipitation: water that falls to
Earth as rain, snow or hail.
present: what is happening now.
primary sector: the economic sector
that obtains resources and raw
materials from nature.
6
 product: object made by human
labour or by some industrial
process.
province: a division of Spanish
territory that has its own
administration.
public service: a service for the
people of a community, state or
nation.
public transport: a form of
transport where many people travel
together.
r
radio: a means of communication
used to inform and entertain with
sound.
rain: small droplets of water
that fall to Earth from clouds.
rain gauge: instrument to measure
the amount of rain.
raw material: material found in nature,
such as wood, fruits or metals.
river: a moving body of fresh water.
It is a natural feature of a landscape.
road: a paved surface that vehicles
drive on. It is a man-made feature of
a landscape.
road safety rules: rules on the road
that help to prevent accidents.
SOCIAL SCIENCE
PRIMARY 2
road sign: a sign used to control
traffic.
rocks: the solid part of the Earth
made up of minerals.
rule: an instruction that tells you the
things you are allowed to do.
s
sand: fine grains of rock.
satellite: a celestial body made of
rock that moves around a planet.
satellite television: a television that
reaches everywhere in the world.
Saturn: a planet surrounded by rings
and made of rocks and ice.
sculptor: a person who makes
objects by carving or modeling
materials such as wood or rocks.
sea: a large body of salt water on
Earth. It is a natural feature of a
landscape.
sea water: salt water you find in
seas and oceans. You cannot drink
it or water plants with it.
season: one of the four natural
divisions of the year caused by the
Earth’s movement around the Sun.
seat belt: a belt to keep a vehicle
passenger secure in their seat.
7
 secondDU\VHFWRU: the economic sector
that transforms raw materials into
manufactured products.
serviceV:the economic sector that
includes jobs that help other
people.  
street map: a map that shows parts
ship: a form of public transport that
travels on water. It carries
merchandise and passengers.
shop: a small store that often sells
only one type of product.
shop assistant: a person who
works in a shop.
shopping centre: a very large
building with many shops.
slope: inclined ground on the side
of a hill.
snow: frozen water that falls
from clouds.
social network: a service used to
exchange information and photos with
other people through the Internet.
solid: state of water when it is
cooled and changes into ice.
South: the compass point that
indicates the direction of the
South Pole.
Spain: a country located in the
south-west of Europe.
Spanish territory: the area of land
containing most of the Iberian
Peninsula, the Balearic Islands, the
Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla.
SOCIAL SCIENCE
PRIMARY 2
star: celestial body that gives out
light and heat.
street cleaner: a person who keeps
the city clean as a job.
of a city or a village.
Sun: a big star in our solar system.
It does not move but eight planets
move around it.
sunny: weather characterized by
very strong sunlight.
sunrise: the time in the day when
the Sun comes up.
sunset: the time in the day when
the Sun disappears below the
horizon.
supermarket: a large store that
sells different types of products,
such as food and household
supplies.
t
teacher: a person who teaches
children.
telephone: a machine that we talk
into to communicate with someone
over distance.
television: a means of
communication used to inform and
entertain with sound and images.
8
 temperature: a measure of warmth
or coldness.
thermometer: instrument to
measure the temperature.
town hall: the building where
the local council works. It is
usually in the main square.
tradition: the customs, such as
typical dishes, costumes and
dances, people have from
generation to generation.
traffic: the movement of vehicles
along a street.
traffic light: a set of light signals
used to direct traffic at intersections
or crossings.
train: a form of public transport
made up of many coaches in a line
that moves along a railway track.
tributary: a small river that flows
into a larger river.
u
Uranus: the seventh planet in order
from the Sun. It also has rings.
v
valley: flat land between mountains.
vapour: water in a gaseous state.
SOCIAL SCIENCE
PRIMARY 2
Venus: the second planet from the
Sun and similar in size to the Earth.
village: a place with a few houses,
narrow streets and small buildings.
Few people live there. It is a
man-made feature of a landscape.
w
wall: a vertical construction used to
enclose and protect an area.
waning Moon: phase of the Moon
when it looks like a C.
water: an odourless, tasteless liquid
that humans need to live. It changes
state depending on the temperature.
It covers most of the Earth’s surface.
water cycle: the process by which
water in nature changes state and
continually moves about.
waxing Moon: phase of the Moon
when it looks like a D.
weather: the state of the atmosphere
at a particular time and place.
weather map: a diagram that tells
us what the weather is like in one
place. It can tell us the weather
forecast for the coming days.
weather station: a station where
weather events are measured.
weather vane: the instrument that
shows the direction of the wind.
9
 web page: a document that contains
texts, images, links, etc. on the Internet.

week: a period of seven days.

West: the compass point that shows the

direction the Sun sets in the evening.

wind: moving air.

windy: weather characterized by wind.

woodcutter: a person who cuts

down trees to get wood.

wool: a raw material that comes

from sheep.

workshop: a room or building

where manufacturing and manual
work are carried out.

world map: a map that shows all of

the Earth’s surface.

y
year: the time it takes for the Earth
to move around the Sun. It is a
period of 12 months.

SOCIAL SCIENCE 10
PRIMARY 2