Fall Semester 2019-20

ECE4001 Digital Communication Systems

Digital Assignment 1
Due Date: 09/09/2019
1. Find the signal to quantization noise ratio in decibels assuming an ‘v’ bit code word per
sample in the following cases
a. Let x(t) be modelled as the sample function of a zero mean stationary process X (t) with a
uniform PDF, in the range (− a, a).
b. Let m(t), a sinusoidal signal with the peak value of A be the input to a uniform quantizer.

2. Specify the Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval for each of the following sgnals:
a. g  t   sinc  200t 
b. g  t   sinc 2  200t 
c. g  t   sinc  200t   sinc 2  200t 

3. A narrowband signal has a bandwidth of 10 kHz centered on a carrier frequency of 100 kHz.
It is proposed to represent this signal in discrete-time form by sampling its in-phase and
quadrature components individually. What is the minimum sampling rate that can be used for
this representation? Justify your answer. How would you reconstruct the original narrowband
signal from the sampled versions of its in-phase and quadrature components?

4. (a) Plot the spectrum of a PAM wave produced by the modulating signal
m  t   Am cos  2 f m t 
assuming a modulation frequency fm = 0.25 Hz, sampling period Ts = 1 s and pulse
duration T = 0.45 s.
(b) Using a n ideal reconstruction filter, plot the spectrum of the filter output. Compare this
result wit the output that would be obtained if there were no aperture effect.

5. Consider a uniform quantizer characterized by the input-output relation illustrated in Figure 1

(a). Assume a Gaussian distributed random variable with zero mean and unit variance is
applied to this quantizer input.

Figure 1
 a. What is the probability that the amplitude of the input lies outside the range -4 to +4?
b. Using the result of part (a) show that the output signal to noise ratio of the quantizer is
given by
 SNR O  6v  7.2 dB
where ‘v’ is the number of bits per sample. Specifically, you may assume that the
quantizer input extends from -4 to +4.
c. What is the output signal to noise ratio of the quantizer in the case of Figure 1 (b)?

6. The signal m  t   6sin  2 t  volts is transmitted using a 4-bit binary PCM system. The
quantizer is of the midrise type with a step size of 1 volt. Sketch the resulting PCM wave for
one complete cycle of the input. Assume a sampling rate of four samples per second with
1 3 5
samples taken at t   ,  ,  ,.....,sec onds.
8 8 8
7. A sinusoidal signal of frequency f 0  10 4 / 2 Hz is sampled at the rate of 8 kHz and then
applied to a sample and hold circuit to produce a flat-topped PAM signal s(t) with pulse
duration T = 500 µs.
a. Compute the waveform of the PAM signal s(t).
b. Compute S  f  denoting the magnitude spectrum of the PAM signal s(t).
c. Compute the envelope of S  f  . Hence, confirm that the frequency at which this
envelope goes through zero for the first time is equal to (1/T) = 20 kHz.

8. Consider the cosine wave g  t   A cos  2 f ot  . Plot the spectrum of the discrete-time signal
n
g  t  at the times tn  , where n  0, 1, 2,.... and
fs
a. f s  f0
b. f s  2 f0
c. f s  3 f0

9. The signal g  t   10 cos  20 t  cos  200 t  is sampled at the rate 250 samples per second.
a. Determine the spectrum of the resulting sampled signal.
b. Specify the cutoff frequency of the ideal reconstruction filter so as to recover g(t)
c. What is the Nyquist rate for g(t).

10. Show that the use of A-law companding provides a ratio of maximum step size to minimum
step size equal to the parameter A.

11. Consider a pure sine wave, sin(2πft), where f = 5Hz. Only one frequency component, so fmax
= f. Sample and plot the signal at

a. 25 Hz
b. 10 Hz
 c. 6.25 Hz

Provide necessary inference for the sampled signal.

12. Consider a sinusoidal signal x  t   3cos 1000 t  0.1  and let us sample it at a frequency
Fs = 2 kHz.
a. Determine and expression for the sampled sequence x  n   x  nTs  and determine its
Discrete Time Fourier Transform X    DTFT  x  n 
b. Determine X  F   FT  x  t 
c. Recompute X   from the X  F  and verify that you obtain the same expression as in
(a).
d. Repeat Problem when the continuous time signal is x  t   3cos  3000 t 

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