DTG2F3

Sistem
Komunikasi

Element Dasar
Siskom Radio
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Tujuan Komunikasi Radio

Mengirimkan informasi dari sumber ke tujuan (dapat berjauhan
letaknya) dengan memanfaatkan media udara sebagai saluran
transmisi
ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Goal of Communication System Design

• To maximize transmission rate, R
• To maximize system utilization, U
• To minimize bit error rate, Pe
• To minimize required systems bandwidth, W
• To minimize system complexity, Cx
• To minimize required power, Eb/No
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Type of Communication Systems

• Types of information
Voice, data, video, music, email etc.

• Types of communication systems

Public Switched Telephone Network (voice,fax,modem)
Satellite systems
Radio,TV broadcasting
Cellular phones
Computer networks (LANs, WANs, WLANs)
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Classification of Signal
 Deterministic and Random Signals
A signal is deterministic means that there is no uncertainty with respect to its
value at any time
A signal is random means that there is some degree of uncertainty before the
signal actually occurs
 Periodic and Non-Periodic Signals
 Analog and Descrete Signals
An analog signal is a continuous function of time.
A discrete signal is one that exists only at discrete times
 Energy and Power Signals
A signal x(t) is called an energy signal , if the energy is finite and the power is
zero.(deterministic and non-periodic )
A signal x(t) is called an power signal , if the power is finite and the energy is
infinite.(periodic signals and random signals )
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Information Representation
• Communication system converts information into electrical
electromagnetic/optical signals appropriate for the transmission
medium.
• Analog systems convert analog message into signals that can
propagate through the channel.

• Digital systems convert bits(digits, symbols) into signals

– Computers naturally generate information as characters/bits

– Most information can be converted into bits
– Analog signals converted to bits by sampling and quantizing
(A/D conversion)
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Pemancar/ Transmitter Tx
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Penerima / Receiver Rx
ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO
Radio Terestrial Link Transmitter

Comm. Tower
source Pre- Modulator FM Buffer UP Conv
Base Band TDD Multiplexer emphasis Frek carrier IF 70 HPA
Amplifier (Mixer+Local Osilator) feeder
Processing filter MHz

Signal Audio
TV Studio

Signal Video

Radio Terestrial Link Reciever

source Base Band FDD De- DeModulator M-PSK Comm. Tower

Processing DeMultiplexer Emphasis Frek carrier IF 70 Buffer DOWN Conv

LNA
Filter MHz Amplifier (Mixer+Local Osilator) feeder

Signal Audio

Blok Perbaikan Transmitter

Signal Broadcast

Signal
video
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Komponen-komponen Penting dalam siskom Radio

Jika diperhatikan lebih lanjut,maka terdapat

beberapa hal yang menjadi perhatian, yaitu:
– Modulator dan Demodulator (Detector)
– Oscillator
– Up / Down Converter
– Penguat
– Modulasi (akan dibahas tersendiri)
– Antenna
– Saluran Transmisi
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Modulator
Berfungsi untuk memodifikasi sinyal
pembawa (carrier) dari oscillator sesuai
sistem modulasi yang
digunakan(pemodulasi=informasi)
– Rangkaian Modulator tergantung jenis
modulasi yang digunakan
– Contoh :
• Balans Modulator
• Modulator dengan Dioda Varaktor
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Demodulator/Detector
Berfungsi sebagai alat untuk mendapatkan
informasi yang terkandung dalam sinyalcarrier
termodulasi
– Rangkaian Demodulator tergantung jenis
modulasi yang digunakan
– Contoh Rangkaian DeModulator :
• Envelope Detector
• Quadrature Detector
• Ratio Detector
• Slope Detector,dll
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Oscillator

• Berfungsi sebagai Pembangkit Sinyal

Pembawa (Carrier) pada Pemancar
• Jenis-jenis Oscillator :
– Oscillator Umpan Balik Positif
– Oscillator Pergeseran Fase
– Oscillator LC ditala :
– Oscillator Hartley
– Oscillator Colpitts
– Oscillator Clapps
– Oscillator Tunned in/out
– Oscillator Kristal Pierce
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Penguat (Amplifier)

• Berfungsi memberikan penguatan

terhadap sinyal yang akan dikirim/diterima
• Pada penerima, dapat berfungsi sebagai
filter karena karakteristik response
frequency mirip band pass filter
• Pada pemancar, berfungsi menghilangkan
harmonisa dari rangkaian-rangkaian
pemancar
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Antena

• Merupakan struktur transisi gelombang

elektromagnetik terbimbing pada saluran ke
udara bebas atau sebaliknya.
• Masing-masing bentuk antenna punya pola
pancaran (radiasi) yang berbeda
• Macam-macam antenna :
– Loop antenna
– Dipole antenna
– Yagi - Uda antenna
– Parabolic antenna, dll
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Saluran Transmisi
• Agar daya sinyal dapat dipancarkan secara
maksimal, maka impedansi output rangkaian
pemancar dengan impedansi karakteristik
saluran transmisi, serta impedansi beban
harus sama (match)
• Jika tidak sama, maka akan terjadi
gelombang pantul
• Jika komunikasi radio dipandang dalam
konteks saluran transmisi, maka dapat
digambarkan seperti berikut
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Antenna

• Dalam konteks ini, antenna dapat berlaku

sebagai beban/generator
 ELEMENT DASAR SISKOM RADIO

Basic Digital Communications System

Baseband Passband
audio Channel •ASK
video A/D Code
Modulation
•FSK
(analogue) anti-alias •Nyquist •FEC pulse •PSK channel
filter sampling •ARQ shaping •binary filter
Source Source •block filter •M’ary
code
data •convolution •ISI
(digital)
Communications
Transmit Channel
•loss
•interference
Receive •noise
•distortion
data
(digital) Source
decode
Sink Channel
D/A Decode Regeneration Demodulation
audio
video low pass quantisation •matched filter •envelope channel
filter noise •FEC •decision threshold •coherent filter
(analogue) •ARQ •timing recovery •carrier recovery
•Block
•Convolution