GEN.

CHEMISTRY -expands slightly when heated

C1: Connecting Chemistry to Our World -malleability – ability to be flattened into thin
S1: Importance of Chemistry to Daily Life sheets
-ductility – ability to be stretched into thin wires
Chemistry -conductivity – ability to conduct electricity
-helped advance human civilization -high density
-huge and vital role in technological development
 Liquid
Chemists -indefinite shape
-scientists trained to apply chemistry principles in -definite volume
various fields of work -particles not rigidly held in place, less tightly
packed
Careers using chemistry -able to move past each other
-agriculturist -almost incompressible
-chemistry teacher -expand slightly when heated
-dietician -high density
-food technologist
-materials engineer  Gas
-meteorologist -indefinite shape and volume
-pharmacist -particle are far apart
-radiologist -compressible
-naturally in the gaseous state at room temperature
S2: What is Chemistry? -low density

Chemistry Vapor
-central science -gaseous state of a substance that is solid or liquid at
-essential in the study of all other fields of science room temperature
-study of matter, its composition, its structure, its
properties, the processes that matter undergoes, and
the energy changes that accompany these processes S2: Properties of Matter

Branches of Chemistry: Physical property

-Organic chemistry -characteristic that can be observed and measured
-study of carbon-based compound except CO without changing the identity and composition of a
and CO2 substance
-Inorganic chemistry -color, melting point, boiling point
-study of compounds that do not contain C -help in identifying substances
-Biochemistry *
-study of the chemistry of living systems Chemical property
-Analytical chemistry -ability of a substance to undergo changes to transform
-study of the quality and quantity of into a different substance
components of substances -describes how a substance reacts with another
-Physical chemistry substance
-study of the mechanism, rates, and energetics -ability to rust, flammability
of chemical reactions
Chemical change
Scope of each branch overlaps with the rest. -aka chemical reaction
-one or more substances are converted into different
substances
C2: Matter and Its Properties
S1: Physical States of Matter Reactants
-substances that undergo chemical reaction
Matter
-anything that occupies space and has mass Products
-substances formed
 Solid
-definite shape and volume Plus sign = “plus”
-tightly packed particles, orderly manner, fixed Arrow = “yields”
position Extensive properties
-incompressible -depend on the amount of matter present
-mass, volume, amount of energy Chemistry
-experimental science
Intensive properties
-do not depend on the amount of matter present Precision
-density, melting point, freezing point, ability to conduct -how close each measurement is to one another
heat and electricity -good if individual measurements are close to the
-depends on the kind of matter average
-used to identify identity of a substance
Accuracy
S3: Classification of Matter -closeness of the average value to the actual or true
value
 Mixtures -precise measurements are most likely to be accurate
-physical blend of two or more components
-heterogeneous mixture
=not uniform Centi 1 x 10-2
=two or more phases Milli 1 x 10-3
=suspension and colloids Micro 1 x 10-6
-homogeneous mixture Nano 1 x 10-9
=uniform composition Hecto 1 x 102
=single phase Kilo 1 x 103
=solution Mega 1 x 106
=Ex. Alloy- metal Giga 1 x 109
Tera 1 x 1012
Phase
-used to describe any part of a sample with uniform S2: Significant Figures in Measurements and
composition and properties Calculations

Ways to separate mixture: Significant figures

-filtration -digits known with certainty plus one more digit that is
-insoluble solid from liquid uncertain
-evaporation -Nonzero digits are significant.
-soluble solid from liquid -Captive zeros
-chromatography -between nonzero digits are significant.
-mixtures of dissolved substances that have -Leading zeros
different colors -to the left of first nonzero digit are not
-simple distillation significant.
-volatile liquid from non-volatile substances -Trailing zeros
-condenser (glass tube), distillate, residue -after number and decimal point are significant.
-Final zeros may or may not be significant.
 Pure substance
-same composition
When combining measurements with different degrees
Water of accuracy and precisions, the accuracy of the final
-11.2% H, 8.8% O always answer cannot be greater than that of the least
accurate measurement.
Element
-simplest form of matter When measurements are added or subtracted, final
-composed of only one kind of atom answer has the same number of decimal places as the
-cannot be broken down into simpler form least accurate measurement.

Compound When measurements are multiplied or divided, the

-contains two or more elements chemically combined in significant figures in each measurement is counted.
fixed proportion

Electrolysis
-electricity-driven chemical reaction C4: Atoms
C3: Scientific Measurement S1: Laws of Matter
S1: Accuracy and Precision in Measurements
Early Greek Theories:
-Democritus (400 BC) -instrumental in the discovery of electron
-matter couldn’t be divided indefinitely Joseph John Thomson (1897)
-idea of atoms in a void -discovered electron using cathode ray tube
-Aristotle -plum-pudding model / raisin bread model
-matter was made of four “elements” -sphere of positive matter, raisin=electrons
=earth, fire, air, water
-wrong theory that persisted for 2000 years Robert Millikan
-oil drop experiments
Atomos- Greek = unbreakable / indivisible -discovered charge of electron 9.1094 x 10-28

Evidences of Atoms Ernest Rutherford (1911)

-Robert Boyle’s experiment on gases which led to -nuclear model of the atom
Boyle’s Law -nucleus is small, dense, positively charged
-Antoine von Lavoisier’s (Father of Chemistry) -electrons surround nucleus
experiments that led to the law of conservation of mass -most of the atom is empty space
-nucleus=99% of the mass
Law of conservation of mass -gold-foil experiment, discovery of protons
-mass of the substances before and after a chemical -Hans Geiger=assistant
reaction is conserved
-matter can neither be created nor destroyed Protons
-Antoine von Lavoisier -positive
-1.6726 x 10-24g
Law of definite composition
-any sample of a compound will invariably have the Neils Bohr (1913)
same proportions by mass of its constituent elements -Solar System Model
-joseph louis proust -electrons move around the nucleus in fixed orbits
-basis: dual nature of light
Law of multiple proportions
-if two elements can combine to form more than one Erwin Schrodinger (1926)
compound, the masses of one of the elements that -Quantum Mechanical Model / wave model
combine with a mass of the other element are in fixed -electrons can be described as waves
ratios of whole numbers -basis: dual nature of light and matter
-john dalton
James Chadwick (1932)
-discovered neutron
S2: Dalton’s Atomic Theory
Neutrons
All evidences started when the balance was invented. -neutral
-1.6749 x 10-24g
John Dalton (1766-1844)
-chemist
-school teacher in England
-revised and revived Democritus’ ideas S2: Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Isotopes

Postulates of dalton’s atomic theory Atomic Number

-all matter is composed of atoms, which are indivisible.F -aka proton number
-Z
-all the atoms of a given element are alike in weight and
-how many protons the atom has
all other aspects.F
-nasa periodic table
-the atoms of different elements are of different
weights.T
Mass number
-atoms are indestructible and preserve their identities in
-A
all chemical reactions.F
-protons + neutrons

Isotopes
C5: Atomic Structure
-atoms that have the same number of protons but
S1: Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons
different number of neutrons
Cathode ray tube
H – 1=atomic number; 1=mass number – protium
 – 1=atomic number; 2=mass number – deuterium
– 1=atomic number; 3=mass number – tritium Victorio Edades
-national artist
Neutral atom -intiated the modern art movement
Atomic number = protons = neutrons
Mass number = protons + neutrons Kidlat Tahimik
-perform their life as art, vice versa
Ions
Atomic number = protons 7 Arts
Mass number = protons + neutrons 1. Visual
Electrons = protons – charge 2. Theater
3. Music
4. Dance
5. Architecture
6. Media
7. Literature

LESSON 2: A Brief History of PH Art

I.PRE-CONQUEST
-art before the coming of the colonizers
-“indigenous” stylistic term
-“pre-colonial” cultural term

rituals
Kanyaw
-animal sacrifice
-performed for healing, birth of a child
Kashawing
-abundance during rice planting
Tagbanwa
-13th moon, the goddesses descend to bless the
planting of rice

dance
The Pangalay
-imitates seabirds
Kinabua
-Mandayas’
Man-manok
-imitates predatory birds
Talip Dance
-used by Ifugaos in courtship
-mimics the movement of wild fowls
movement of the monkeys
-Inamong- Matigsalugs
-Kadaliwas- T’bolis
Tinikling
-tagalog folk dance

Carving
CONTEMPORARY ARTS
Bulul
-granary god
*Lesson 1 sa notebook*
Hagabi
Xyza Bacani -wooden bench
-use camera -marks socioeconomic status
Paete, Laguna Tahwid
-carving capital of the ph
Madrasa
Okir
-curvilinear decorations
III. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
Sarimanok
-mythical
Plaza Complex
Torogan
Santo
-sultan’s house
-panolong Retablo
Pasyon
vessel
Kundiman
Manunggul Jar
-boat carrying two persons Baybayin
Palayok Komedya
-for cooking Doctrina Christiana
Banga -firs printed book
Tapayan
-fermenting food IV. AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
Pagbuburnay
A Modern Filipina
-Vigan, Ilocos Sur
-1st filipino film written in English
Oblation
Weaving
Textile The Builders
-also impart knowledge Brown Madonna
-use pedal loom
 Pis Siyabit V. JAPANESE OCCUPATION
-headpiece woven by Tausug
 Malong Harvest Scene
-w/ tapestry panels called langkit by Maranao
Sa Kabukiran
Basket Weaving
Street musicians
Ornamentation
Boxer Codex
-manuscript
Tattoos
-badge of maturity and bravery

Jewelry
Lost Wax or Cire Perdue
-metal casting
Kendi
-vessel used for pouring liquids

II. ISLAMIC COLONIAL

Quran
-holy book
Ummah
-filipino muslims community of believers
 CONTEMPORARY ARTS

NATIONAL ARTISTS

Ishmael Bernal
- Film
Salvador Bernal
- Design
Virgilio Senadrin Almario
- Literature
Gerardo De Leon
- Film
Benedicto Cabrera
- Visual arts
Levi Celerio
- Music and literature
Manuel Conde
- F
Eddie Romero
- Cinema and Broadcast
Lino Brocka
- film
Lucio San Pedro
- music
Amado Hernandez
- literature
N.V.M Gonzales
Cirilio F Bautista
- literature
Joce Garcia Villa
- literature
Victorio C Edades
- visual arts
Francisco Arcellana
- literature
Hernando Ocampo
- visual arts
Vicente Manansala
- visual arts
Edith Tiempo
- literature
Jeremias Elizalde
- visual arts
Carlos Quirino
- gf
Ernani Joson Cuenco
- music
Severin Montano
- theater
Lazaro Francisco y Angeles
- literature
Ildefonso Santo
- architecture
Leonor Orosa-Goquingco
- dance
Benedicto Cabrera
- visual arts
 ORAL COMMUNICATION c. Consultative
- do not share same experiences
LESSON 10 ENHANCING COMPETENCE IN USING - two-way participation
CMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES
d. Formal
- only imparting info
- well organized, correct and straightforward
e. Frozen
LESSON 11 TYPESS OF SPEECH CONTEXT - static, ritualistic, archaic
- prayers, oaths, poems
Speech context
- purpose of the communication
LESSON 13 SPEECH ACT

Types: Speech act

1. Intrapersonal Communication - helpful in elaborating the meaning of what is
- communicating to oneself being said
2. Interpersonal Communication a. Locutionary Act
- more than one person - utterance, sense, same meaning
b. Illocutionary Act
a. Dyadic Communication
- the act
- two participants
- intention
- giving opinion about classmate’s
 Stating an opinion
speech
 Making a prediction
b. Small Group Communication  Issuing an advice
- 3-15 persons  Giving advice
- has an agenda
c. Perlocutionary Act
c. Public Communication - effect
- addresses many listeners - response
- speech is well prepared - aim to change feelings
- may be formal or informal  Inspiring
d. Mass Communication  Persuading
- mass media technology  Deterring
- radio and tv
LESSON 14 USE OF THE TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE
e. Organizational Communication STRATEGIES
- interaction of members along the
links in an organizational structure Communicative Strategies
- formal : following the chain of - plans/ways/means of sharing info
command
- informal : skips a. Nomination
- presenting a particular topic
f. Intercultural communication
- say only what is relevant
- Exchange of concepts, traditions,
values and practices of two diff b. Restriction
nationalities - constraining the response
c. Turn-taking
- recognizing when to speak
LESSON 12 SPEECH STYE
d. Topic control
Speech style - keep the convo going by asking
- reasons for communicating and the way the questions
language is used
e. Topic shifting
a. Intimate - Introducing new topic related
- private vocab
f. Repair
- without correct linguistic forms
- overcoming communication
- family
breakdown
b. Casual
g. Termination
- friends
- end the interaction
- slang, comfortable
 PANANALIKSIK ETIKA
1. Paggalang sa karapatan ng iba
MODYUL 4
2. Pagtingin sa lahat ng mga datos bilang
DEPINISYON confidential
- diskursong ekspositori na ginagamit sa pag 3. Pagiging matapat sa bawat pahayag
papahayag
4. Pagiging obhetibo at walang kinikilingan
- 2 dimensions:
o Denotasyon
- diksyonaryo HAKBANG SA PANANALIKSIK
o Konotasyon 1. Pagpili ng tamang paksa
- Di tuwirang kahulugan 2. Paghahanda ng balangkas

ENUMERASYON 3. Paghahanda ng bibliyograpiya

- Upang matandaan ang mga paraan o hakbang
- Madalas gamitin sa obhetibo
PAGSUSUNOD-SUNOD
- maayos na pagkakasunod-sunod
- kronolohikal na paglalahad
o Sekwensyal
- una, pangalawa, pangatlo, susunod
o Kronolohikal
- ayon sa pagkakaganap
- diary
o Prosidyunal
- hakbang o mga prosesong isasagawa
PAGHAHAMBING AT PAGKOKONTRAST
- pagkakatulad at pagkaka-iba ng mga katangian
4. Pangangalap ng mga kinakailangang datos at
material
5. Pag-oorganisa ng nilalaman batay sa balangkas
6. Pagsulat ng Pananaliksik
7. Pagrerebisa ng papel
8. Pagsulat ng pinal na papel
MODYUL 7 ANG PAPEL PANANALIKSIK
PAPEL PANANALIKSIK
- produkto ng isang proseso ng paghahanap ng
makatotohanang impormasyon
- layuning makahanap ng solusyon

PROBLEMA AT SOLUSYON KABANATA 1 ANG SULIRANIN AT SANLIGAN NITO

- lahat may problema but may solusyon
- may senaryo  Panimula
- mlawakang paglalarawan
SANHI AT BUNGA  Sanligan ng Pag-aaral
- dahilan at resulta - ideya na nagging dahilan upang isagawa ang pag
- sanhi ay ideya humahantong sa isang bunga aaral
- heograpikal, kultural at demograpikong
katangian, political, ekonomiko
MODYUL 5 ANG PANANALIKSIK
 Balangkas Teoretikal
Pananaliksik - dahilan kung bakit ang mananaliksik ay
- maka-agham na pagkuha ng mga tala upang humahanap ng bagong datos
masubok ang isang teorya  Balangkas ng konseptuwal at Paradigma ng Pag-
- Kerlinger(1973) sistematiko, kontrolado, aaral
emperikal at kritikal na imbestigasyon ng mga - konsepto ng mananaliksik
proposisyong haypotetikal - input -> process -> output

- kontrolado at nakaplano  Paglalahad ng Suliranin

- direksyon upang masagot ang mga katanungan
KATANGIAN  Palagay / Hinuha
1. Masipag - katotohanan batay sa obserbasyon
2. Matiyaga  Hypotesis
3. Maingat - estadistikang paghahambing

4. Masistema  Kahalagahan ng Pag-aaral

- kahalagahan
5. Mapanuri
 Saklaw at Delimitasyon
- limitasyon ng kanyang pag-aaral
 Pagpapakahulugan ng terminolohiya
- katuturang operasyonal
- ayon sa pagkakagamit

KABANATA 2
MGA KAUGNAY NA LITERATURA AT PAG-AARAL

1. Kaugnay na babasahin
- batas at direktiba
2. Kaugnay na literature
- Aklat, magasin, encyclopedia
o Pangkalahatang Sanggunian
- index
o Pangunahing Sanggunian
- mga ulat ng mananaliksik
o Pangalalawang Sanggunian
- paglalarawan ng may-akda sa resulta

3. Kaugnay na pag-aaral
- unpublished material

Sintesis
- pagkakatulad ng kasalukuyang pag-aaral sa mga
nauna na

KABANATA 3 PAMAMARAAN NG PANANALIKSIK

- respondents, instrumentasyon, paraan

 Disenyo o Metodo
- metodo sa pagsasagawa ng pananaliksik

 Populasyon at Lugar ng Pananaliksik

- Tiyak na bilang ng kasangkot sap ag-aaral, tiyak
na lugar
- Sample – kumakatawan sa kabuoang
populasyon

 Talatanungan
- ppapasagutan sa respondent
- pinaka madaling paraan ng pagkalap ng datos