𝟐

1. If 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = − and 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽 > 𝟎, find the other five trigonometric

𝟑
functions of 𝜽.
2. Find the exact value 3. Graph of the function
𝟐𝟔𝝅 𝟐
𝒂. 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒂. 𝒇 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝟑 𝟑
𝒃. 𝒔𝒊𝒏(−𝟐𝟐𝟓°) 𝝅
𝒃. 𝒇 𝜽 = 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝟒
𝟏𝟕𝝅
𝒄. 𝒄𝒐𝒕 −
𝟔 𝒄. 𝒇 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝜽 − 𝝅
𝒅. 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟓°
𝟑𝟗𝝅
𝒆. 𝒄𝒔𝒄 −
𝟐
𝒇. 𝒔𝒆𝒄 −𝟏𝟒𝝅
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
The inverse sine function, denoted by 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙, is defined as follows:
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 if and only if 𝒙 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒚
The function 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 read as
𝒚 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 “𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒙”
or “𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒙”
𝟏 𝟏
Domain: 𝒙 | −𝟏, 𝟏 Range: 𝒚 | − 𝟐 𝝅, 𝟐 𝝅

𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙

𝟏 𝝅
𝟐

𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
−𝝅 𝝅 𝟎 𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝟐𝝅 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
− 𝝅 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐

−𝟏 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝝅
−
𝟐
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
The inverse sine function, denoted by 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙, is defined as follows:
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 if and only if 𝒙 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒚
The function 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 read as
𝒚 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 “𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒙”
or “𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒙”
𝟏 𝟏
Domain: 𝒙 | −𝟏, 𝟏 Range: 𝒚 | − 𝟐 𝝅, 𝟐 𝝅

𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙

𝟏 𝝅
𝟐

𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
𝝅 𝟎 𝝅 𝝅 𝟏
− −𝟏 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐

𝝅
−𝟏 −
𝟐
The inverse cosine function, denoted by 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒙, is defined as
𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒙 if and only if 𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒚.
The function 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒙 is read as
𝒚 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 “𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒙”
or “𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒙”
Domain: 𝒙 | −𝟏, 𝟏
Range: 𝒚 | 𝟎, 𝝅
𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
𝝅
𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
𝟏 𝝅
𝟐 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒙

𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
𝝅 𝟎 𝝅 𝝅 −𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
𝟎
−
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅
−
𝟐
−𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
The inverse tangent function, denoted by 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙, is defined as
𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 if and only if 𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒚.
The function 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 maybe written as
𝒚 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 Domain: 𝒙 | −∞, +∞
𝝅 𝝅
Range: 𝒚 | − ,
𝟐 𝟐
𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙
𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
𝝅
𝟐
𝟏

𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
𝝅 𝟎 𝝅 𝝅 𝟎 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
− 𝟑𝝅
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
−𝟏
𝝅
−
𝟐

𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙
Examples: Give the inverse form of the following, solve for 𝒙.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒂. 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝒄. 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝝅 = 𝟒𝒚 𝒅. 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 = 𝒚
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
𝒃. 𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝝅
Solutions: 𝟏
𝒄. 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝝅 = 𝟒𝒚
𝟏 𝟐
𝒂. 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
𝟐 𝟏
𝟏 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝝅 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟒𝒚
𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝟐
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒚 = 𝒙 𝒙 + 𝝅 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟒𝒚
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒚 = 𝒙 𝟏
𝒙 = − 𝝅 + 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟒𝒚
𝒙 = 𝟐𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒚 𝟐
𝒃. 𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝝅 𝟏
𝒅. 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 = 𝒚
𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒚 + 𝟏) = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝝅 𝟒
𝟏
𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒚 + 𝟏) = 𝒙 − 𝝅 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒚
𝟒
𝒙 = 𝝅 + 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒚 + 𝟏)
Example: solve for 𝒙. Examples: Find the exact value.
𝟏. 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙 𝟐 𝟏
𝒂. 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝅 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 −
Solution: 𝟑 𝟐
Divide the equation by 𝟑. 𝟐
= 𝝅
𝒚 𝟑
= 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝒃. 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝅 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏
Take the inverse cosine 𝟑 𝟐
𝝅
𝒚 =
𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒔 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝒙 𝟔
𝟑
𝒚
𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒔 = 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟐
𝟑 𝒄. 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒔 − = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝅
𝟐 𝟑
Divide the equation by 𝟐.
𝟏 𝒚 𝟑
𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒔 =𝒙 =
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
𝟏 𝒚
𝒙 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝟐 𝟑
Example: Find the exact value.
𝟐
−𝟏
𝟓 𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝟓
𝒅. 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 − = − −
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟔𝟗 𝟏𝟑
𝟓
Let: 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 −𝟏
− 𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝟐𝟓
𝟏𝟑 = −
𝟏𝟔𝟗 𝟏𝟔𝟗
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽
𝟏𝟏𝟗
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 =
𝟏𝟔𝟗
𝟓
From: 𝜽= 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 −
𝟏𝟑
𝟓
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = −
𝟏𝟑
From: 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 = 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 = 𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽
𝟐
𝟐
𝟓
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝟏 − −
𝟏𝟑
𝟐
𝟏𝟒𝟒
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 =
𝟏𝟔𝟗
 𝟐 𝟏
𝒆. 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 + 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Let: 𝑨 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨 = 𝑨
𝟑 𝟑 𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
𝑩 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑩 = 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝑩
𝟏
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨 + 𝑩

= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑩 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩

𝟐 𝟏 𝟓 𝟐 𝟐
= ∙ + ∙
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟎
= +
𝟗 𝟗
𝟐 + 𝟐 𝟏𝟎
=
𝟗
 𝟑 𝟏
𝒇. 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟒 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑
Let: 𝑨 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨 =
𝟒 𝟒 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑩 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑩
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑩 =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
= 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨 − 𝑩

𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑩
=
𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑨 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑩

𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑−𝟒
− 𝟑 𝟑−𝟒
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑
= = =
𝟑 𝟏 𝟒 𝟑+𝟑 𝟒 𝟑+𝟑
𝟏 + ∙
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑
Steps in finding the inverse of a function:
Given: 𝒇(𝒙) Find: 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙)
a. Substitute the functional notation by a dependent variable, say 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙).
b. Solve for the independent variable, 𝒙, in terms of the dependent
variable 𝒚. The function obtained is in the form 𝒙 = 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒚)
c. Obtain 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) by substituting 𝒚 by 𝒙.
Example 1: Obtain the inverse of the function, 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
Solution: Let: 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
Solve for 𝒙: 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒚
𝒇−𝟏 (𝒚) = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒚
𝒇−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙