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Forme

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE


Affirmation Négation Interrogation

I had looked we had looked I had not looked we had not looked had I looked? had we looked?

you had you had not you had not had you
you had looked had you looked?
looked looked looked looked?

he had looked he had not looked had he looked?

she had they had she had not they had not had she had they
looked looked looked looked looked? looked?

it had looked it had not looked had it looked?

PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE


Affirmation Négation Interrogation

I had been we had been I had not been we had not been had I been had we been
looking looking looking looking looking? looking?

you had been you had been you had not you had not been had you been had you been
looking looking been looking looking looking? looking?

he had been he had not been had he been


looking looking looking?

she had been they had been she had not been they had not had she been had they been
looking looking looking been looking looking? looking?

it had been it had not been had it been


looking looking looking?

Notes

 La forme simple du Past Perfect a la forme had + participe passé (c'est-à-dire, V-ed). Voici une liste
des verbes irréguliers.
 La forme progressive du Past Perfect a la forme had + been + participe présent (c'est-à-dire, V-ing).
 Avant d'ajouter -ing ou -ed, il faut doubler la consonne finale si les deux conditions suivantes sont
remplies:
o le verbe se termine par une seule voyelle suivie d'une seule consonne,
o la dernière syllabe est accentuée, ou il n'y a qu'une syllabe — pour savoir si la dernière
syllabe est accentuée ou non, il faut consulter un dictionnaire.

Emploi
Le Past Perfect en général
En général, on emploie le Past Perfect pour parler d'un lien entre un moment passé et un moment encore
plus loin dans le passé:

 Lorsque nous parlons au prétérit déjà et nous voulons parler d'un événement encore plus loin dans le
passé, nous employons le past perfect.
o Ex. When Peter went to the theatre, he discovered that all the seats had been sold. —
Lorsque Peter est arrivé au théâtre, il a découvert que toutes les places avaient été vendues.
 On emploie la forme progressive pour dire pendant combien de temps un certain événement durait
avant qu'un autre ne se produise - les deux événements sont dans le passé.
o Ex. I had been waiting for 20 minutes when Paul arrived. — J'avais attendu pendant 20
minutes avant que Paul n'arrive.
 Le past perfect s'emploie avec the first (second, third, fourth ... nth) time lorsque cette première
(2ème, 3ème, 4ème ... énième) fois est dans le passé.
o Ex. It was the first time we had met. — C'était la première fois que nous nous étions
rencontrés.

Si on compare le Past Perfect avec le Present Perfect (voir leçon) on constate que dans ce dernier cas il
s'agit d'un lien entre un moment passé et le présent tandis dans le cas du Past Perfect le lien est entre deux
moments du passé, l'un étant plus récent que l'autre. Par exemple:

 It is 9 o'clock and I have been waiting for over an hour. ('is' = présent, 'have been waiting' = present
perfect)
 It was 9 o'clock and I had been waiting for over an hour. ('was' = prétérit, 'had been waiting' = past
perfect)

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