Table 7.2.1: Constant Pressure Heat Capacities for a few Substances at 298.2 K and 1 bar.

1
Substance Cp,m (J K-1 mol-1) Substance Cp,m (J K-1 mol-1)
He (g) 20.786 CH4 (g) 35.309
Xe (g) 20.786 C2H6 (g, ethane) 52.63
CO (g) 29.14 C3H8 (g, propane) 73.51
CO2 (g) 37.11 C4H10 (g, n-butane) 97.45

Table 7.2.2: Constant Pressure Heat Capacities for Different Phases.2

Substance Solid Liquid Gas
T (K) Cp,m (J K-1 mol-1) Cp,m (J K-1 mol-1) Cp,m (J K-1 mol-1)
Zn 693 30. 31.
1000 31. 20.8
Hg 234 28. 28.
500 28. 20.8
CO 68 52.9 60.2
80 60.7 28.9
H2O 263 38.09 75.291
298 75.291 33.58
C3H8 , propane 85 52.7 85.
298 73.5

Table 7.2.3: Heat Capacity Coefficients for the Expansion: Cp,m = a + b T + c T2+ d T3 from
300 to 1800 K.3
Substance a b c d
J K-1 mol-1 10-2 J K-2 mol-1 10-5 J K-3 mol-1 10-9 J K-4 mol-1
N2 (g) 28.883 -0.157 0.808 -2.871
O2 (g) 25.460 1.519 -0.715 1.311
H2 (g) 29.088 -0.192 0.400 -0.870
CO (g) 28.142 0.167 0.537 -2.221
CO2 (g) 22.243 5.977 -3.499 7.464
H2O (g) 32.218 0.192 1.055 -3.593
NH3 (g) 24.619 3.75 -0.138 –
CH4 (g) 19.875 5.021 1.268 -11.004
 Table 7.5.1: Van der Waals coefficients6
Molecule a (bar L2 mol-2) a (atm L2 mol-2) b (L mol-1)
Helium 0.03460 0.03415 0.02373
Hydrogen 0.02465 0.2432 0.02667
Nitrogen 1.3661 1.3483 0.03858
Oxygen 1.3820 1.3639 0.03186
Water 5.536 5.464 0.03049
Ethylene 4.6112 4.5509 0.05820
Ethane 5.5818 5.5088 0.06514
Propane 9.3919 9.2691 0.09049
Benzene 18.876 18.629 0.11974

130
120
110
100
90
liquid vapor
P (bar)

80
70
60 B A 50°C

50 35°C
30.99°C
40 22.4°C
2-phase region
15°C
30
Vm,liq Vm,vap
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
V m (L)

Figure 7.5.2: Phase diagram for CO2. The two phase region is outlined by the dashed line.

Table 7.5.2: Critical Constants.6

Pc (bar) Pc (atm) Vm,c (L mol-1) Tc (K)
helium 2.2750 2.2452 0.05780 5.1950
nitrogen 34.000 33.555 0.09010 126.20
oxygen 50.427 50.768 0.07640 154.58
water 220.55 217.66 0.05595 647.126
carbon dioxide 73.843 72.877 0.09400 304.14
propane 42.477 41.922 0.2030 369.85
Figure 7.5.3: Van der Waals isotherms for CO2. Tc = 30.99°C.

Table 7.5.3: Redlich-Kwong coefficients6

Molecule A (bar L2 mol-2) A (atm L2 mol-2) B (L mol-1)
Helium 0.07991 0.07886 0.01645
Hydrogen 1.4333 1.4145 0.01848
Nitrogen 15.551 15.348 0.02674
Oxygen 17.411 17.183 0.02208
Ethylene 78.512 77.486 0.04034
Ethane 98.831 97.539 0.04515
Propane 183.02 180.63 0.06272
Benzene 453.32 447.39 0.08300

Figure 7.5.4: (a) Compressibility factor for CO2

Table 7.5.4: Virial Coefficients at 298.15K.7
Molecule B (L mol-1) C (L2 mol-2)
Helium 0.0113 1.21x10-4
Hydrogen 0.0141 3.50x10-4
Nitrogen -0.0045 0.001100
Oxygen -0.0161 0.001200

Table 7.6.1: The coefficient of thermal expansion and isothermal compressibility at 25°C.
Substance α (K-1) κT (bar-1)
Benzene 12.4x10-4 90.9x10-6
Water 2.57x10-4 45.3x10-6
Cu 0.500x10-4 0.775x10-6
Diamond 0.030 x10-4 0.185x10-6

Table 7.9.1. Non PV-work.

Type work change in internal energy
Surface tension ñw = γ dσ dU = ñq – PextdV +γ dσ
Extension ñw = – f dl dU = ñq – PextdV – f dl
Gravity ñw = mg dh dU = ñq – PextdV + mg dh
Electrical ñw = φ dqi dU = ñq – PextdV + φ dqi
ñw = zi F φ dni dU = ñq – PextdV + zi F φ dni
Chemical ñw = µi dni dU = ñq – PextdV + µi dni