PAKISTAN

WATER AND POWER DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

Internship Report

By

TALHA ARSHAD
BSc. Electrical Engineering
Superior University, Lahore

Internship Program
Gujranwala Electric Power Company (GEPCO)
15 July to 31 August, 2015
 Contents

About GEPCO……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

1. Lectures………………………………………………………………………..............................................
1.2 Different Questions…………………………………………………..................................................
1.3 Grounding……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1.4 Environmental Engineering…………………………………......................................................

1.4.1 Project Management Unit (PMU)…………………………………………………………………………….

1.4.2 WAPDA………………………………………………………………………………………..
1.4.3 Functioning……………………………………………….....................................
1.4.4 Transmission System…………………………………....................................
1.4.5 Distribution System…………………………………......................................
1.4.6 LT & HT Systems…………………………………...............................................

1.5 Transformers…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

1.5.1 Type of Transformers…………………………………....................................

1.5.2 Current Transformer……………………………………………………………………..
1.5.3 Power Transformer………………………………………………………………………..
1.5.4 Purpose of Transformers…………………………….....................................
1.5.5 Types of Winding…………………………………………....................................
1.5.6 Environment Effect…………………………………………………………………………
1.5.7 National Environmental Quality Standard……………………………………….

1.6 Visits of Different Grid Stations……………………………………………………………………………….

1.6.1 Grid Station 132 KV Sheran-Wala Bagh, Gujranwala………………….

1.6.2 Grid Station 132 KV Khiyali, Gujranwala…………………………………………..
1.6.3 Grid Station 132 KV Chicherwali, Gujranwala…………………………………..
1.6.4 Grid Station 132 KV DC Colony, Gujranwala……………………………………..

1.7 Size and Capacity of different Conductor Table………………………………………………………..

About GEPCO
 About GEPCO

Gujranwala Electric Power

Company (GEPCO)

 It is a Power transmission and Distribution Company. It purchases Electricity from

WAPDA and supplies to the customers. GEPCO provides electricity to 6 districts
including NAROWAL, SIALKOT,

 HAFIZABAD, MANDI BAHAWALDIN and GUJRAWALA. It Deals with 11kv and below
voltages till 2007. From 2007 onwards, it deals with 220kv and below voltages. In 2012,
with the help of USAID, new technologies including different software (ArcGIS +
Synergee Electric) were given to GEPCO.

 GEPCO has total 56 Grid stations from which 52 are of 132kv and 4 are of 66kv, and
soon they will be upgraded to 132kv. These remaining grids of 66kv are in upgrading
process to 132kv. Furthermore it has 7 new Grid stations under construction. It has total
transmission line of 2500Km and about 175Km line is now under construction. WAPDA
provides 1700MV to GEPCO. While requirement is roundabout 2100MV.

Gujranwala Electric Power Company (GEPCO)

Lectures
 Lectures
 Boota sb , Faheem sb and Farhan sb gave us briefing under different topics.
 There are three categories of Power supply. Generation, Transmission and
Distribution. The maximum generating voltage in the world is 33kv. in Pakistan its value
is about 13.2kv.
 There are many ways to generate voltages. in our country we produce maximum of our
electricity by Dams.
 220kv Grid station in Ghakhar is feed by Mangla Dam from which 132kv transmission
lines are feeding different grid stations.
 From a grid station of 132kv there are many Feeders of 11kv, are eliminating towards
the whole city and providing electricity.
 With the help of software, we make a map of whole transmission system in our
computer due to which the way to access things becomes very easy.
 Single line diagram is a simplest way to show the whole system information on a single
page.
 Boota Sb tells us, about whole transmission lines in Gujranwala and also tells us how
they spread in Gujranwala.
 Brief introduction of Transformers of different types.
 Different effects which apply on Transmission Lines.
 KV and KVAR relation.
 About Capacitive and Inductive effect.
 About different types of Connections.
 Complete information about, the Distribution Transformers in which adjustment, fitting
Everything which is used in Distribution Process.
 Also the Problems, which we face in Transmission line and everything which is in his
under control.
Different Questions
 Different Questions

 Why we use transformer instead of generation high voltage?

As the amount of generating voltage increases, the size (insulation) also increases and
hence the size of machine also increases that's why we do not generate such high
voltage and use transformer to step up the voltage level for transmission.
 Why we step up the voltage level for transmission?
As the voltage is high, the current decreases and we need to lessen the amount of
current because less power losses during transmission. there is a thermal capacity of a
material according to which it can bear the amount of current passing through it. And
we need to decrease the cost of wire that's why current is leaded to decrease according
to the metal use for transmission wires.
 Why we didn't use high voltage like 11kv instead of 415V?
With the increase of voltages, the insulation of electrical appliances also increases and
hence the size of device becomes bigger.
 What is the effect of cloud light on transmission lines?
When the cloud light is shine, then it transmit both side of the lines in Consumers side in
finish with help of Grounding and in Grid station it end up by the lighting arresters. In
this this light controls.
 What is corona effect?
In electricity, a corona discharge is an electrical discharge brought on by the ionization
of a fluid or gas surrounding a conductor that is electrically charged.
Spontaneous corona discharges occur naturally in high-voltage systems unless care is
taken to limit the electric field strength.
Grounding
 Grounding

 Grounding is the process of removing the excess charge on an object by means of the
transfer of electrons between it and another object of substantial size. When a charged
object is grounded, the excess charge is balanced by the transfer of electrons between
the charged object and a ground.

 This process of grounding works because excess electrons find each other repulsive. As
is always the case, repulsive affects between like-charged electrons forces them to look
for a means of spatially separating themselves from each other.
 This spatial separation is achieved by moving to a larger object that allows a greater
surface area over which to spread. Because of the relative size of a person compared to
a typical electroscope, the excess electrons (nearly all of them) are capable of reducing
the repulsive forces by moving into the person (i.e., the ground).
 Like contact charging discussed earlier, grounding is simply another example of charge
sharing between two objects. The extent to which an object is willing to share excess
charge is proportional to its size.
 So an effective ground is simply an object with significant enough size to share the
overwhelming majority of excess charge.
Environmental Engineering
 Environmental Engineering

 Environmental engineering is the integration of sciences and engineering principles to

improve the natural environment, to provide healthy water, air, and land for human
habitation and for other organisms, and to clean up pollution sites.

1. PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT:

 Project Management Unit deals directly the all management of

the GEPCO.

2. WAPDA:
 Water and Power Development Authority
 The Water and Power Development Authority is a
government-owned public utility maintaining power and
water in Pakistan, although it does not manage thermal
power. WAPDA includes Tarbela and Mangla dams
among its resources.

3. FUNCTIONING:
 Water dams
1. On Large Scale
2. On Small Scale
 Power Wings
1. Transmission (NTDC)
2. Distribution (WAPDA)
Transformers
 Transformers

 Why the input of transformer is AC?

Since the frequency of DC is zero so there will be no varying magnetic field and no voltage will
be produced on the secondary winding. and if we give DC to the input of transformer then
since the resistance of windings of transformer are very small and inductive reactance will b
zero then there will be a very huge current flow will occur through winding and it will burn.
XL = 2πfL
This inductive reactance limits the current in case of AC voltage.
There are three terminals at input of a transformer which are three phases while at output ,
there are four terminal and the fourth one is common(Ground).

 Types of Transformer

 Power Transformer is used to step up the voltages at

generation point. i.e 13.2kv to 500kv
 Distribution Transformer: used at grids and feeders i.e
11kv.Current and Potential Transformers (CT, PT)

 Purpose of Transformer:

 To step up or step down voltage

 To step up or step down Current
 For Isolation , mean for protection
  Fashions of winding connections

 Delta connection:
No common terminal. Join end1 of one winding with the end2 of other winding and do it as
same for all windings. e.g.

 Y-Connection:
Three phases and one common terminal. to make windings in Y-connected , short the
three same terminals of all windings. e.g
  Environmental Effects:

 We cannot neglect the effect of surroundings on our project because they are part of it.
When a project becomes finalized then ADB (Asian Development Bank ) passes budget
for project. First step is to purchase the piece of land.
 Minimum 8 kanals’ of land is required for a Grid station but if 8 kanal’s are not available
like in big cities then we build smart Gird stations.
 For placement of poles on a land, specific amount is given to the owner for the use of
land to place a pole for a specific time.
 Civil people do all the work of construction.E.g.For building a transmission line in
Gujranwala, we cut about 190 trees and paid the money for these trees to the Forest
department of Pakistan. Costing about RS: 6000 per tree.

 National Environmental Quality Standards:

 The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) were first

promulgated in 1993 and have been
amended in 1995 and 2000. The following standards that are specified in
the NEQS may be relevant to
the Tranche-1 subprojects:
Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (32 parameters) in
municipal and liquid industrial.
Visits of Different Grid Station
 Visits of Different Grid Station

 Visit to under Construction Grid Station 132Kv Sheran-

Wala Bagh
 Two power transformers 40MVA and 26MVA and worth of 5 Carores each.
 GIS Gas isolation system , SF6 is used in this system.
 Control Room: it operates at 110V DC and communication system operates at 48V
DC.There is a Battery House for this voltage supply to panels which includes almost 200
batteries.
 There was also a protection system in which panels includes relays.

 Why we use SF6 Gas in circuit breakers?

 In an SF6 circuit-breaker, the current continues to flow after contact separation through
the arc whose plasma consists of ionized SF6 gas. For, as long as it is burning, the arc is
subjected to a constant flow of gas which extracts heat from it.
 The arc is extinguished at a current zero, when the heat is extracted by the falling
current. The continuing flow of gas finally de-ionises the contact gap and establishes the
dielectric strength required to prevent a re-strike.

 Same as we visit the different grid station of Gujranwala.

Grid Station 132 KV Khiyali, Gujranwala

Grid Station 132 KV Chicherwali, Gujranwala

Grid Station 132 KV DC Colony, Gujranwala

Size and capacity of Conductor
Table