UNDERSTANDING SELF
CHAPTER 6- PHYSICAL SELF
PHYSICAL SELF- body which we interface with our environment and
fellow being.
 William James- considers body as initial source of
sensation and necessary for the origin and maintenance of
personality. Element of spiritual hygiene of supreme
significance.
 Sigmund Freud- In Psychoanalytical school, construction of
self and personality makes the physical body the core of
human experience.
 Wilhelm Reich- argued that mind and body are one.
 Erik Erickson- role of bodily organs is especially important
in early developmental stages of a person’s life.
 Carl Jung- argued that physical body and the external
world can be known only as psychological experiences.
 B.F. Skinner- role of the body is of primary importance.
Different body type:
 Endomorph- mataba
 Mesomorph- tama lang
 Ectomorph- payat
Different kinds of self-esteem:
 Inflated self-esteem- high regards of themselves
 High self-esteem- positive self-esteem; satisfied of
themselves
 Low self-esteem- do not value themselves and do not trust
their possibilities
CHAPTER 7- SEXUAL SELF
SEXUAL SELF- human reproductive system, erogenous zone, human
sexual behavior.
Human Sexual Behavior- complex and complicated
 Androgen- Male sex hormones; secondary sex
characteristics like growth of bodily hair and change in
tone of voice.
 Progesterone- Female sex hormones.
Human Reproductive System- is an organ system by which reproduce
and bear live offspring.
Male Reproductive System-:
 Testis- most important part; source of spermatozoa (male
germ cell). Sperms can remain alive for only 12 hours.
 Scrotum- sac of skin where the two testes are enveloped.
 Prostate gland- gland that carries out both urine and
seminal fluid. Connected by sperm ducts from sperm
ducts joining into single tube called urethra.
 Penis- where ejaculation occurs.
 Sperm- male gametes.
Female Reproductive System-:
 Ovary - pair of small, oval organs which produces ova
(ovum; female germ cells)
(Zygote; fertilized egg)
 Fallopian tube- pair of thin tubes that leads ovaries to the
uterus.
 Uterus- (womb) Hollow pear-shaped elastic muscular
structure.
 Vagina- Tube leading to outside of the body through an
opening called vulva.
Erogenous Zone
 Johnson & Master (1966)- sexual response follows a
regular pattern consisting of four phases:
 Arousal- subjective sense of sexual pleasure. The
physiological sign in male is penile tumescence
(erection) and vasocongestion to female (vaginal
lubrication and nipple erection)
 Plateau- brief period of time before the orgasm.
Body’s preparation for orgasm.
 Orgasm- intense, highly pleasurable experience.
 Resolution – decrease of arousal
Diversity of Sexual Behavior
 Heterosexuality- sexual and behavior directed to other sex
 Homosexuality- romantic and/ or sexual attraction
between same sex. (male- gay; female-lesbian)
 Bisexuality- romantic and/ or sexual attraction between
same sex and other sex.
 Transsexuality – people who believed they were born with
the body of the other gender.
 Transgenderism- Who view themselves as a third gender.
Transvestites – cross dresser.
Natural contraception- depends with the observation on woman’s
body through monitoring and recording different fertility signals
during her menstrual cycle.
 Abstinence (0%)- abstaining from sexual intercourse.
 Calendar method (25%)- “Rhythm method”; Avoiding
coitus during the days that the woman is fertile.
 Basal body temperature (9-25%)- Monitoring the changes
in woman’s temp every morning before any activity.
 Cervical mucus method (25%)- cervical mucus is profuse
and watery; avoid coitus during these days.
 Symptothermal method (2%)- combination of BBT and
CMM
 Ovulation detection (2%)- over the counter kit; urine
specimen to detect the luteinizing hormone to predict
ovulation.
 Lactation amenorrhea method- for breast feeding woman.
 Coitus interruptus (75%)- withdrawal method
Artificial contraception- diverse method of contraception.
 Oral contraception- “Pill”; Contains synthetic estrogen and
progesterone.
 Transdermal patch- patch applied in upper outer arm,
upper torso, abdomen, buttocks for three weeks.
 Vaginal ring- Releases a combination of estrogen and
progesterone and surrounds the cervix. 3 weeks and
removed on fourth week as menstrual period flows.
 Subdermal implants- rod like implants; contains
etonogestrel, desogestrel, progestin.
 Hormonal injection- injection prevents ovulation.
 Intrauterine device- small t-shaped object inserted in
uterus thru vagina to prevent fertilization.
 Chemical Barriers- cause death of sperm before it can
enter the cervix of the woman. (Spermicides, vaginal gel
and cream, glycerin films)
 Diaphragm- inhibits the entrance into the vagina.
 Condoms- synthetic rubber
 Surgical Method-
 Vasectomy- done to male through small incision made on
each side of scrotum to block the passage of sperm.
 Tubal ligation- cutting, cauterizing or blocking the fallopian
tube to inhibit the passage of both sperm and ova.
CHAPTER 8- THE MATERIAL AND ECONOMIC SELF
 William James- father of American psychology.
Identifies the components of the Empirical self, one of
which is what he called a “Material self”
-One defines themselves and at the same time is being
defined by the people they acquainted with along with the
accumulation of objects and achievements that a person
acquired from the different endeavors and experiences in
life.
MATERIAL SELF- is NOT only consisting of his own body but also
includes the different things he possess from ones family, friends, as
well as things.
 Soul or Spirit of a person has two dimensions; (1) human body (2)
spiritual.
body
Kaluluwa- taglog ;
Dungan- ilonggos; RW: duwa, two.
Rituals and ceremonies:
possessions
self as  Rituals- common in the PH
*house family
"me"  Harang- visayan fishing villages practice the offering ritual
*car etc
 Purification of the place- tuob
 Invocation of spirit- pagtawag
 Explanation of motivation, request and entreaty-
friends
pangamuyo
 Offering communion- bayad
 Feast- kan-on
CHAPTER 9- THE SPIRITUAL SELF Finding and creating meaning in life:

 Viktor Frankl- originator of legotheraphy

SPIRITUAL SELF- The inner most working of the persons mind,
 Involvement in quest for the
behavior, beliefs and even morals involves every aspect of the
significance of life in a Nazi death camp
human as a person. ; Most enduring and intimate part of the self.
changed his viewpoint of the world.
Manifestations of the spiritual self :  We cannot abstain from affliction, yet
 Person’s will- one’s wishes; we want to see and achieve in we can pick how to manage it and
our lives. discover significance on it.
 Intelligence and abilities- perceived strengths of a person;  Finding what you adore and living with
things that they have confidence in doing and believe to significance.
have a certain level of mastery.  Man cannot avoid suffering but can
 Morals- what is right and wrong find meaning on it.
 Values- what is important and what is not.  Theory: noological possibilities: self-
The practice of Religion: Belief in supernatural being and power: detachment, self-transcendence,
ability to spiritually be in touch.
 Religion- refers to beliefs and behaviors related to
Three Postulates:
supernatural beings and powers.
 Worldview- broader than religion; collective body of ideas
Anthropological Man is ultimately self-
that members of a culture generally share concerning the
determining.
ultimate shape and substance of their reality.
Psychological Man’s key motivation is the
 Spirituality- concern with the sacred in an individual
search of meaning.
manner.
Philosophical Finding the meaning of life and
Difference between Religion and Spirituality:
helped strengthen his will to
survive.
Religion Spirituality
Organized system of ideas about Concerns with the sacred, as
spiritual reality or the distinguished from material
supernatural, along with matters.
associated beliefs and Often individual rather than
ceremonial practices. collective
Not require a format or
traditional organization
Myth, rituals and supernatural:

Myth Ritual Supernatural

Sacred narrative Symbolic act or *Is around you all of
that explains procedure designed the time in non-
fundamentals of to guide members of industrialized
human existence a community in an societies.
orderly way. Two
types of rituals: *In a lot of cultures,
calendric and crisis. health, wealth and
daily things are
related to
supernatural.
Functions of religion:

 Cognitive function- Enabling humans to explain the

unexplainable phenomena.
 Emotional function- helps to cope up with anxiety
 Social function- social control, conflict resolution and
building group solidarity.

The concept of “Dungan” – Spirit or Soul: cannot be seen by human

eye