Steel Truss Bridge Design Example PDF

1.
0 Introduction
This design note consists of 40m through trussed bridge.
The analysis of the structure has been done by a complete mathematical modelling using STAAD-Pro
analysis software, while the design is done manually in line with the procedure & parameters laid
down in the following standards:
1. IRC:6-2000
2. IRC:21-2000
3. IRC:22-1986
4. IRC:24-2001
5. IS:11384-1985
6. BS:5400-Part5:1979
2.0 Basic Design Data:
Statical scheme :
Main Girders : Simply supported N type trusses (2 sets)
with concrete deck at the top acting
compositely with the main longitudinals
Cross Bracings : at locations of the joint of verticals & the top
& bottom chord
Top chord bracings : No bracing as the composite deck will serve
the purpose
Bottom chord bracing : At every panel, as crossed braces.
Span of Main girders : 40 m

(c/c of bearing)
Carriageway width : 4.25 m
Crash barrier width : 0.45 m
Total clear width of structure : 5.15 m
(span of cross girders)
Wearing coarse thickness : 75 mm to be provided

100 mm for design purpose
Cross fall on roadway : 2.5 % in both directions
Minimum depth of slab : 200 mm
Live load : 24 R
Density of concrete : 2.5 t/m3
Density of wearing coarse : 2.3 t/m3
Density of steel : 7.85 t/m3
Grade of Concrete : M 20
Grade of Steel : Fe 540
Yeild Stress of Steel : 390 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel : 2.11E+05 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of Conc. : 27500.00 MPa
(as per IRC:21-2000 cl.303.1)
Coefficient of thermal expansion
Steel : 0.000012 /°C
Concrete : 0.000012 /°C
(as per IRC:22)
For class 25t tracked vehicle, impact factor

(as per IRC:6-2000 cl.211.2 & figure 5) 1.154
elling using STAAD-Pro
ure & parameters laid
Design of Through Steel Bridge
Effective Span 40.0m

Calculation of Member properties
Steel Members:
250
Cross sectional area (A) (m2): 0.0101
Bottom chord.(ND-1)
C.g. distance from top (m): 0.1375

10 C.g. distance from left (m): 0.125
275
255
Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4): 0.0001154585
10
Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4): 0.000099524

Ix-y (torsional constant) (m4): 0.0001601964
230
250
Bottom chord.(ND-2)

275
255

10

230
250
Bottom chord.(ND-3)

275
255

10

230
250
Top chord.ND-1

275
255

10

FX Ix-y (torsional constant) (m4): 0.0001601964
230
250
Top chord.ND-2
275
255
10
230
250
Top chord.ND-3

275
255
10

230
100 8
y Cross Sectional Area (m 2) 0.0035
C.g. distance from bottom (m) 0.1250
C.g. distance from left (m) 0.0500
Vertical Member.
8 IX-X (m4) 0.00003198

234
x x IY-Y (m4) 0.00000134

Torsional Constant (m4) 0.00000007
Zt (m3) 0.0003
Zb (m3) 0.0003
y
8 ZLeft (m3) 0.0000
100 ZRight (m3) 0.0000
250
Diagonal Member.

250
234

8

234
150 17.4
y
Bottom Transverse chord.(ISMB 500)
Cross Sectional Area (m 2) 0.0096
9.4 IX-X (m4) 0.0003829
465.2
x x IY-Y (m4) 0.0000098
Zt (m3) 0.0015
Zb (m3) 0.0015
y
17.4 ZLeft (m3) 0.0001
150 ZRight (m3) 0.0001

Top & Bottom Bracing Member.
Y (2-22 hole on each leg) 0.00000

X X Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4): 0.00000026

Ix-y (tortional constant) (m4): 0.00010
0.00000
Y
2-ISA50x50x6 zt (m3): 0.00001
Face to face zb (m3): 0.00000
with 20 mm
gap in between
150 8
y Cross Sectional Area (m 2) 0.0043
Top Main Transverse Member.
8 IX-X (m4) 0.0000437

234
x x IY-Y (m4) 0.0000045

Zt (m3) 0.0003
Zb (m3) 0.0003
y
8 ZLeft (m3) 0.0001
150 ZRight (m3) 0.0001
Design Of Bottom Transverse Member
0.925 m 10.87 dead load

6.412 kn 6.412 kn 4.313 SIDL
6 m
DEAD LOAD ANALYSIS
1 Load calculation.
I) Due to deck slab= =0.23182*2.5*1.875*10 10.8665625 kn/m
ii) Due to kerb & railing = =2.461*1.875+0.454*1.875 5.465625 kn
iii) Due to future overlay= =0.1*1.875*2.3*10 4.3125 kn/m
iv) Using ISMB550 as member= 1.037 kn/m
2 Moment calculation
I) Moment due to dead load= =10.866563*6*6/8 48.8995313 knm
ii) Moment due to Railing & Kerb= =5.465*(6/2-0.925) 11.3411719 knm
iii) Moment due to overlay butemen= =4.3125*6*6/8 19.40625 knm
iv) Moment due to ISMB550 =1.037*6*6/8 4.6665 knm
LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS

64.04 kn 64.04 kn
520 1560
A B
6 m
Reaction at A=Ra= =64.04(2.98+5.06)/6 85.8136 KNM
Moment at mid span= 263.785883 knm
Load combination
1 Dead load + Deck Load= 53.5660313 knm

2 SIDL+LL= 294.533305 knm
Only steel member
Z required= 357106.875 mm3

357.106875 cm3
Using ISMB 550
Zxx= 2359.8 cm3
Check for only steel member
Calculated bending compression stress= 22.70 Mpa Hence ok

Calculated bending tension stress= 22.70 Mpa Hence ok
Check for composite section
Stress at level1 5.4889317 Mpa Hence ok

Stress at level4 -96.334557 Mpa Hence ok
3.0 Calculation of section properties
Modular ratio(m): 10
Creep Factor(Kc): 0.5
Moduar ratio for permanent loadings(mp): 20
Moduar ratio for transient loadings(mt): 10
Sectional Properties of Top Chord:
Member Profile:
0 200
Basic Property of ISMC 225: X
(refer IS:808-1989) 180
Sectional Area (A): 25.9 cm
2
IXX : 2694.6 cm4 IYY : 187.2 cm4 0

CYY : 2.3 cm
Thickness of Flange (Av.), tf = 12.4 mm

Thickness of Web, tw = 6.4 mm
For Steel Only Case:
Area of Top Chord:

(25.9*2*100-2*12.4*22-2*2*6.4*22)/10^6 =
(Assuming 2-22 hole on the web & 1-22 hole on top flanges of the channels)
C.g. Distance from top:
Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4): 2*(2694.6*1e+04)/1e+012 =
Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4):

2*(187.2*10000+25.9*100*(2.3*10+80)^2)/1e+012 =
For Composite (short term loading) Case: m = mt
Area of Top Chord: 0.0041+(2575/10*200)/10^6 =

(0.0041*(0.2+0.1)+(2575*200/10*200/2)/1e+09)/0.0555712 =
Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4):
0.000054+0.0040712*(0.2+0.1-0.115)^2+ (2575*200^3/12+(2575*200*(200/2-
0.115*1000)^2))/10/1e+012 =

0.000059+((200*2575^3/12)/10)/1e+012 =
For Composite (long term loading) Case: m = mp
Area of Top Chord:

0.00407+(2575*200+(6+0)/2*1)/(20*10^6) =

(0.0041*(0.2+0.1)+(200*2575*100)/20/1e+09)/0.0298 =

0.00005+0.0041*(0.2+0.1-0.12744)^2+((2575*200^3/12+2575*200*(127.44-
200/2)^2)/20)/1e+012 =

0.000059+((200*2575^3/12)/20)/1e+012 =
The other properties are calculated in line to above calculation & are tabulated as below:
Value
Memb
Profile Item
er Steel only
2575
Y Cross cestional area (A) (m2): 0.00407
(2-22 hole on web, 1-22 hole on flange)
1 200

X X
Top Chord
0 Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4): 0.000059

0

6
zt (m3): 0.0005
Y zb (m ):
3
0.0002
2-ISMC225
Back to back
with 160 mm
gap in between
Value
Memb
Profile Item
er Steel only

Y
Bottom Chord

X X
0
0
zt (m3): 0.0005
zb (m ):
3
0.0005
Y
2-ISMC225
Back to back
with 160 mm
gap in between
Cross cestional area (A) (m2): 0.00511

(2-22 hole on web)
Y
Verticals
X X Ix-y (tortional constant) (m4): 0.0001
zt (m3): 0.0004
zb (m3): 0.0004
Y
2-ISMC200
Face to face
with 160 mm
edge to edge dist.
Value
Memb
Profile Item
er Steel only

Y (2-22 hole on web)

Diagonals
X X 0.000036
Y
2-ISMC150 zt (m3): 0.0004
Face to face zb (m ):
3
0.0004
with 160 mm
edge to edge dist.

Y
Bottom Bracing

zt (m3): 0.000036
zb (m ):
3
0.000003
Y
ISMA 50x50x6
Value
Memb
Profile Item
er Steel only
Transversals at cross bracing location

Y
zt (m3): 0.0002
zb (m ):
3
0.0002
Y
2-ISMC150
Back to back
with 20 mm
gap in between
Transversals at locations other than X-

Y
bracings
zt (m3): 0.0001
zb (m3): 0.0001
Y
ISMB150
Value
Memb
Profile Item
er Steel only

Y
Transvers Diagonals

zt (m3): 0.0001
zb (m ):
3
0.0001
Y
ISMC150
* mt = Properties of composite section using modular ratio as mt

# mp = Properties of composite section using modular ratio as m p
2575
Y
X
180
0
Y
2-ISMC225
Back to back
0.0041 m2
0.1 m
0.000054 m4
0.000059 m4
0.0556 m2
0.115 m
0.000376 m4
0.028515 m4
0.0298 m2
0.127 m
0.000282 m4
0.014287 m4
e tabulated as below:
Value
mt * mp #
0.05557 0.02982
0.115 0.127
0.000376 0.000280
0.028515 0.014287
0.0001 0.0001
0.0033 0.0022
0.0008 0.0010
Value
mt * mp #
Value
mt * mp #
Value
mt * mp #
Value
mt * mp #
Calculation of Member properties
Composite Members
Grade of Concrete = M20

E of Concrete = 25491.17 N/mm2
E of Steel = 211000 N/mm2
Modular Ratio for Short term loading = 8.28

Modular Ratio for Long term loading = 16.55
Sectional Properties
Member Profile
Short Term  = 8.28
1875 (all in Steel units, except where specified otherwise)
190 Cross Sectional Area (m2) 0.0734
200
Area steel only(m2) 0.0131
Level 1 y
A

Level 2 C.g. distance from left (m) 0.9375
& Level 3
Transverse Girders (ISMB 550)
IX-X (m4) 0.0016

x x
IY-Y (m4) 0.0177
8
11.2
515.6

19.3
Z1 (m3) (in concrete units) 0.0537

C

Level 4
y Z3 (m3) 0.0358
190 Z4 (m3) 0.0031
19.3
ZA (m3) (in concrete units) 0.1562
ZA (m3) 0.0189
ZB (m3) 0.1862
ZC (m3) 0.1862
70 937.5 Cross Sectional Area (m2) 0.0455

190 C.g. distance from bottom (m) 0.4858
200
y
Level 1
A
F
Level 2 & Level 3

IX-X (m4) 0.0015
IY-Y (m4) 0.0045
B
E

8
x x
Transverse Girders (Type 2)
19.3
515.6
11.2 Z1 (m3) (in concrete units) 0.0437

Z3 (m3) 0.0191
Z4 (m3)
D
0.0030
Level 4
190 19.3 ZA1 (m3) (in concrete units) 0.0595
ZA3 (m3) 0.0072
y
ZB (m3) 0.0211
ZC (m3) 0.0211
ZD (m3) 0.0112
ZE (m3) 0.0112
ZF3 (m3) 0.0119
ZF1 (m3) (in concrete units) 0.0987
Long Term  = 16.55
Cross Sectional Area (m2) 0.0508

Area steel only(m2) 0.0131
IX-X (m4) 0.0015

IY-Y (m4) 0.0111

Z3 (m3) 0.0067
Z4 (m3) 0.0044
ZA (m3) (in concrete units) 0.1952

ZA (m3) 0.0118
ZB (m3) 0.1163
ZC (m3) 0.1163
Cross Sectional Area (m2) 0.0333

IX-X (m4) 0.0013

IY-Y (m4) 0.0032

Z3 (m3) 0.0118
Z4 (m3) 0.0029
ZA1 (m3) (in concrete units) 0.0793

ZA3 (m3) 0.0048
ZB (m3) 0.0192
ZC (m3) 0.0192
ZD (m3) 0.0090
ZE (m3) 0.0090
ZF3 (m3) 0.0097
ZF1 (m3) (in concrete units) 0.1605
3.0 Calculation of section properties
Modular ratio(m): 10
Creep Factor(Kc): 0.5
Moduar ratio for permanent loadings(mp): 20
Moduar ratio for transient loadings(mt): 10
Value
Memb
Profile Item
er Steel only
2575
Y Cross cestional area (A) (m2): 0.00858
1 200

X X
Top Chord

Y
1/2-ISMB500 zt (m3): 0.0008
Top Fl. Width = 180 mm zb (m3): 0.0002
Top Fl. thickness = 17 mm
Web Thickness = 10.2 mm
with 260 x 20 thk
plate on top
Y Cross sectional area (A) (m2): 0.00893

X X
Bottom Chord

Y
1/2-ISMB600
Top Fl. Width = 210 mm zt (m3): 0.0003
Top Fl. thickness = 21 mm zb (m3): 0.0012
Web Thickness = 12.0 mm
with 210 x 16 thk
plate on bottom
Value
Memb
Profile Item
er Steel only

Y
Verticals
zt (m3): 0.0002
zb (m3): 0.0002
Y
200NB (Heavy)
Tube

Y (2-22 hole on each leg)

Diagonals
X X 0.000011
Y
2-ISA130x130x15 zt (m3): 0.0003
Face to face zb (m3): 0.0001
with 20 mm
gap in between
Value
Memb
Profile Item
er Steel only

Y
Bottom Bracing
Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4): 1.29E-07

Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4): 1.29E-07
zt (m3): 0.000036
zb (m3): 0.000003
Y
ISMA 50x50x6
Transversals at cross bracing location

Y
zt (m3): 2.00E-05
zb (m ):
3
2.00E-05
Y
65NB (Heavy)
Tube
Value
Memb
Profile Item
er Steel only
Transversals at locations other than X-

Y
bracings
zt (m3): 2.00E-05
zb (m3): 2.00E-05
Y
65NB (Heavy)
Tube

Transvers Diagonals
Y
zt (m3): 0.000526
zb (m3): 0.000015
Y
ISA 100x100x8
* mt = Properties of composite section using modular ratio as mt

# mp = Properties of composite section using modular ratio as mp
erties
Value
mt * mp #
0.06008 0.03433
0.123 0.140
0.000405 0.000296
0.028494 0.014266
0.0001 0.0001
0.0033 0.0021
0.0012 0.0009
Value
mt * mp #
Value
mt * mp #
Value
mt * mp #
4.0 Load Calculation
4.1 Selfweight of truss
Selfweight of the truss is inserted in the analysis through the use of "SELFWEIGHT" command of
STAAD. However, the total load is increased by 7% to take care of the gussets, joints & variation
in member weights due to rolling margin, which otherwise is not accounted for.
4.2 Dead Load due to deck
The deck is proposed to be cast after erection of the trusses and all bracings in place.
The weight of the deck concrete thus will be carried by the two truss only.
Running thickness of the deck: 200 mm

Additional thickness at the center for cross slope at deck: 53.125 mm
Integral Wearing Coarse : 12 mm
So, average (weighted) thickness of deck: 231.82 mm
So, Weight of the deck on the truss in running portion:

231.82*/2000**10 = 14.92 kN/m
load on each transverse girder due to deck slab= =2.5*231.82*2.5*10/1000
14.49 kN/m
4.3 Superimposed Dead Load

a. Due to kerb
425
225
0.5*(0.45+0.425)*0.225**10 = 2.461 kN/m
450
b. Due to Railing
1. 1200 LONG ISMC 150 @ 1000c/c 1.2*16.4*10/1000 = 0.197 kN/m
2. 4 Nos 65NB (Medium) Pipe 4*6.42*10/1000 = 0.257 kN/m
Total 0.454 kN/m
c. Due to Future Overlay of Bituminous Wearing Coarse
=2.50*2.3*0.1*10 5.75 kN/m
Net Load : 5.750+0.454+2.461 = 8.665 kN/m
Page 31 of 63
4.4 Live Load
Since the other type of loads in 24R category are lesser in total weight & they are spread out over larger
spaces also, we are considering 24R Tracked Vehicle only for live load actions, as this shall produce the most
severe actions.
Live will be generated and applied for one lane Class 24R vehicle within the STAAD analysis on the top
chord only.
Impact factor: 1.154

(refer IRC:6-2000 cl.211.2 and figure 5.)
4.5 Seismic Load
6. Calculation of Actions Due To Seismic Load

6.01
Arunachal Pradesh Section is in Seismic Zone V
Type of Soil Medium Soil
Ah = Horizontal Seismic Coefficient = 0.18

(Z/2)*(Sa/g)/(R/I)
Av = Vertical Seismic Coefficient = 0.09
Z = Zone factor = 0.36
I = Importance factor = 1
R = Response reduction factor = 2.5
Sa/g = Average response acceleration coefficient = 2.5

(depending upon fundamental time period T)
T = Fundamental Time Period = 0.33 sec

2.0*sqrt(D/1000F)
F = Horizontal Force in KN required to be applied = 68.7 t

at the centre of the superstructure for 1mm
deflection at the top of pier/abutment
(6EI/L3)
 = Deflection at the top of Pier/abutment = 1 mm
I = Moment of Inertia of the Pier/Abutment = 0.785 m4

(()*d4/64)
d = Diameter of the Pier/Abutment = 2.0 m
G = Grade of Concrete for Pier/Abutment = M20
E = Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete = 25491.17 Mpa

5700*sqrt(fck) as per IRC:18,2000 Cl:10.2
= 3.15E+06 t/m^2
Page 32 of 63
L = Height of the Pier/Abutment above Fixity Level = 6.000 m
D = Appropriate Dead Load of the Superstructure = 1884.69 t

and Live Load
TOTAL LOAD ON SUPERSTRUCTURE
Top Chord : 63.428 kN

Bottom Chord : 63.428 kN
Verticals : 29.436 kN
Diagonals : 99.993 kN Refer sectional area of
corresponding member given in
Vertical Short Member : 13.082 kN Property Calculation page
Vertical Short Diagonal Member : 39.997 kN
Transversals (Bottom): 112.956 kN
Transversals (Top): 18.109 kN
Top Bracings : 1.466 kN
Total Steel Work: 441.895 kN
Add 7% for gussets &

Connections : 30.933 kN
Gross Weight : 472.828 kN
Deck Slab : 0.23182***40*10 = 477.556 kN

kerb, railing : (2.461+0.4536)*40 *2= 233.163 kN
Wearing course overlay : 11.2786726358056*40 = 451.14691 kN
Total Weight of the Structure Including SIDL: 1634.694 kN

472.83+477.56 = 950.384 kN
Total Weight of the Structure Excluding SIDL:
Page 33 of 63
Live load arrangement on deck during earthquake:
3660 25t 3660

25t
30
40000
Maximum live load on the deck = 2*25 = 50 t
So, Live load on the bridge for seismic case: 0.5*50*10 = 250 KN
So, net horizontal seismic force:

0.18*(1,634.69+250) = 339.24 kN
So, seismic force on interior nodes: 339.24/32 = 10.60 kN

and that on end nodes: 10.60/2 = 5.30 kN
(Since the main contributor to this load is the concrete deck slab, so the force will be imposed on
the mathematical model on the bottom chord nodes only)
Page 34 of 63
Wind Load (according to IRC:6-2000):
Note:-Assuming height of formation level from river bed =20.m
Wind load on the structure :
Minimum bed level= 0
Hieght of formation level from river bed : 20.00m Formation level= 20
Depth of Slab : 200 mm

Depth of bottom Girder : 350 mm
Depth of top Girder : 350 mm

Depth of vertical member: 100 mm
Depth of diagonal member: 300 mm
Wind Speed at deck level : 136.00 kM/H Pressure at that level: 119
Wind Speed at a height of 23.00from bed level : 139.6 kM/H Pressure at that level: 126.5
Wind Speed at a height of 26.0m from bed level : 143 kM/H Pressure at that level: 136.6
So, Wind force on the deck = 0.065 t/m
& Wind force on top girder: 0.048 t/m
Height from river bed Wind Force

20.00m 0.042 t/m (on the bottom chord)
23.00m 0.013 t/m (on vertical member)
23.00m 0.041 t/m (on diagonal member)
26.00m 0.048 t/m (on the top chord member)
26.00m 0.014 t/m (on vertical member)
26.00m 0.041 t/m (on diagonal member)
Wind load on exposed moving load (as per cl.212.4 of IRC:6-2000) :
= 300 kg/linear meter As wind speed is more than 130km/hr

= 0.3 t/linear meter no live load considered for wind load
analysis.
As per cl.212.6 of IRC:6-1966 minimum wind load on structure : 450 kg/linear meter
Page 35 of 63
7.2863
Page 36 of 63
Page 37 of 63
Page 38 of 63
Page 39 of 63
kg/m2
kg/m2
kg/m2
Page 40 of 63
5.0 Design of truss members
CL SYMM.
ND 103 ND 102 ND 101
5.1 Recapitulation of member forces (From STAAD Output)
(Sign Convention: +ve : Compression, Sagging Moment, -ve : Tension, Hogging Moment)
(Values corresponding to live load case are inclusive of impact factor)
a. Top Chord
Moment
Axial Shear
Midspan Support
(kN) (kN) (kN-m) (kN-m)
Selfweight of Truss
Deadweight of deck slab
Superimposed deadload
ND 101
Live load
Seismic Horizontal
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
Selfweight of Truss
ND 102
Live load
Seismic Horizontal
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
Selfweight of Truss
ND 103
Live load
Seismic Horizontal
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
Legend: 'ND' represents a segment, comprising of a "top chord", a "bottom chord", a
"diagonal" and a "vertical member". The vertical member to the left of panel is a
part of the segment under consideration.
b. Bottom Chord
Moment
Axial Shear
Midspan Support
(kN) (kN) (kN-m) (kN-m)
Selfweight of Truss
ND 101
Live load
Seismic Horizontal
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
Selfweight of Truss
ND 102
Live load
Seismic Horizontal
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
Selfweight of Truss
ND 103
Live load
Seismic Horizontal
Seismic Vertical
ND 103
Wind load
c. Long Verticals
Axial Forces in (kN)
ND 101 ND 102 ND 103
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Seismic Horizontal Load
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
d. Long Diagonals
ND 101 ND 102 ND 103
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Shrinkage Load
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
e. Short Verticals
ND 101 ND 102 ND 103
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Shrinkage Load
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
e. Short Diagonals
ND 101 ND 102 ND 103
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Shrinkage Load
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
f. Transvarsals (at top)

ND 101 ND 102 ND 103
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
h. Top Bracings
ND 101 ND 102 ND 103
Selfweight of Truss
Live load
Seismic Vertical
Wind load
5.2 Calculation of Allowable Stresses
a. Top Chord.
Permissible axial compressive stress in concrete: 5.0 MPa

(From IRC:21-2000 cl.303.1)
Permissible flexural compressive stress in concrete: 6.67 MPa
(From IRC:21-2000 cl.303.1)
Permissible axial tensile stress in concrete: 0.53 MPa
(From IRC:21-2000 cl.303.3)
Permissible stresses in steel
Effective length of member: lxx = 5625= 5625 mm

lyy = 5625= 5625 mm
Radii of gyration : rxx = 106.92 mm
ryy = 99.27 mm
Maximum slenderness ratio: = 5625/99.3 = 56.67

Allowable stress in axial compression : 175.34 MPa
Allowable stress for axial tension : 234.00 MPa
Flexural compressive stress:

(in steel) Since the top flange of the beam will be supported by the
concrete deck throughout its length, so the allowable
compressive stress shall be same as allowable tensile stress.
Allowable stress in bending tension: 241.80 MPa

Allowable stress for equivalent stress for combined actions: 358.80 MPa
Allowable average shear stress: 148.20 MPa
Allowable maximum shear stress: 167.70 MPa
b. Bottom Chord.
Effective length of member: lxx = 1875 mm

lyy = 1875 mm
ryy = 99.27 mm
Maximum slenderness ratio : = 18.89

c. Verticals

lyy = 6000 mm
ryy = 19.67 mm

Allowable stress in bending compression: 241.80 MPa


d. Diagonals
Effective length of member: lxx = 4110.0 mm

lyy = 4110.0 mm
ryy = 98.85 mm


e Main Transversal at top

lyy = 6000 mm

ryy = 101.13 mm

f Bottom Transvarsals

lyy = 6000 mm

ryy = 31.99 mm

Allowable stress for bending compression tension : 257.40 MPa
I. Top Bracing Member.

lyy = 4110 mm

ryy = 150.07 mm
Note:-All the allowable stresses will be increased by 25% incase of wind load is considered and
40% when seismic load is considered.
7.0 Check for truss during construction stage
During construction, it is assumed that the 40% of the deck shall be supported by the top
chord of the truss & the rest by proper & adequet arrangement of propping from the top
transversals & bottom chord.
Additionaly, construction stage loading of 150kg/m2 is also considered.
Modified forces in the members:
Top Chord:
Axial Moment Shear
Selfweight 0.0 0.0 0.0 =(2.6/2.5)*corresponding values
Weight of the green of member forces for deck
0.0 0.0 0.0
concrete loading
=(1.5/2.5)*corresponding values
Construction Stage of member forces for deck
0.0 0.0 0.0
Loading loading
Other members will not be checked as they are already safe with much higher loads &
without any change in properties.
Allowable stresses in top chord:
Effective length of member: lxx = 2500

lyy = 2500
Radii of gyration : rxx = (0.000/0.009)^0.5*1000 = 74.41
ryy = (0.00004/0.009)^0.5*1000 = 66.24
Maximum slenderness ratio: = 37.74

Calculation of allowable stress in bending compression:
c1 = 58.9 mm
c2 = 191.1 mm
D= 250 mm
T= 17.2 mm
l= 2125 mm
ry = 66.2 mm
k1 = 1.0
= 0.005 k2 = -1
Y= = 26.5*10^5/(2125/66.2)^2 = 2575
X = = 2575*sqrt(1+(2125/20)*((2125*17.2)/(66.2*250))^2) =
58642
fcb = = 1*(58642-1*2575)*(59/191) =
17264
Allowable stress in bending compression: 164.00
Allowable stress in bending tension: 241.80
Allowable average shear stress: 148.20

Allowable maximum shear stress: 167.70
Actual Stresses:
Axial: (0.0+0.0+0.0)/(0.0086*1000) = 0.00
Flexural Tension : (0.00+0.00+0.00)/(-0.0002*1000) = 0.00

Flexural Comp. : (0.00+0.00+0.00)/(0.0008*1000) = 0.00
Shear: (0.00+0.00+0.00)/(0.00858496*1000) = 0.00
Net Stresses: (max) 0.00+0.00 = 0.00

(min) 0.00+0.00 = 0.00
All stresses are within the allowable limit. Hence, OK.

be supported by the top
f propping from the top
.5)*corresponding values
ber forces for deck
.5)*corresponding values
ber forces for deck
much higher loads &
mm
mm
mm
mm
MPa
6.2*250))^2) =
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
DESIGN OF CONNECTION
Dia of bolt= 20
Bolt capacity
Singel shear= 3.4
Double shear= 6.8
1) BOTTOM CHORD
Area of bottom chord= 0.0101
Maximum force carried by the member= 244.218
No of bolts required= 36.2
Provide= 32
Dia of bolt= 20
Bolt capacity
Singel shear= 3.4
Double shear= 6.8
2) TOP CHOTD
Area of top chord= 0.0101
Maximum force carried by the top chord= 177
No of bolts required= 26
Provide= 28
Dia of bolt= 20
Bolt capacity
Singel shear= 3.4
Double shear= 6.8
3) VERTICAL MEMBER
Area of vertical member= 0.003472
Maximum force carried by the vertical member= 81.2448
Provide= 10
Dia of bolt= 20
Bolt capacity
Singel shear= 3.4
Double shear= 6.8
4) VERTICAL DIAGONAL MEMBER
Area of vertical diagonal member= 0.007744
Maximum force carried by the diagonal member= 160
Provide= 22
Dia of bolt= 20
Bolt capacity
Singel shear= 3.4
Double shear= 6.8
5) TOP MAIN TRANSVERSE MEMBER.
Area of transverse member= 0.00427
Maximum force carried by the transverse member= 14
Provide= 4
Dia of bolt= 20
Bolt capacity
Singel shear= 3.4
Double shear= 6.8
6) BOTTOM TRANSVERSE MEMBER.
Maximum force carried by the transverse member= 91.13236
Provide= 14
Dia of bolt= 20
Bolt capacity
Singel shear= 3.4
Double shear= 6.8
7) TOP BRACING MEMBER.
Maximum force carried by the transverse member= 2.65824
No of bolts required= 0.3938
Provide= 4
mm
ton
ton
m2
ton
nos
nos
mm
ton
ton
m2
ton
nos
nos
mm
ton
ton
m2
ton
nos
nos
mm
ton
ton
m2
ton
nos
nos
mm
ton
ton
m2
ton
nos
nos
mm
ton
ton
m2
ton
nos
nos
mm
ton
ton
m2
ton
nos
nos
7.0 Design of end cross girder for jack-up condition
It is assumed that the superstructure will be needed to be lifted off the bearing for bear
replacement. The jacks shall be placed below the transverse member at the end. For this purpo
the location of these jacks alongwith their capacity shall have to be engraved on the locat
proposed.
1) Reaction on each each bearing= 409 KN

centre line.
409 kn 6 m 409 kn
0.45
A B
5.1 m
Design of end cross girder.
a) Reaction on each bearing. 409 kn

b) Support moment= 184 knm
c) Maximium mid span moment= 184 knm
d) Maximum shear force= 409 kn
Zxx required for the section= 760559 mm3
Using ISMB 550 as end cross girder.
Zxx of the girder= 2359800 mm3
Now maximum bending tensional stress= 78 mpa

Now maximum compression stress= 78 mpa
Hence provide ISMB 500 as end cross girder.
Dia of bolt= 20 mm
Bolt capacity
Singel shear= 3.4 ton
Double shear= 6.8 ton
Maximum shear force of the member= 409 kn

41 ton
No of bolts required 6.05 nos
Provide 8nos bolt.
e bearing for bearing
end. For this purpose
aved on the location
8.0 Connection Design
a. Splicing of 300x300x12 box used as top chord.
C/s Area: 101 cm2
Reduction for holes: 28*2.2*12 = 73.92 cm2
Net Area: 138.24-73.92 = 27.08 cm2
Allowable stress in compression in the BOX: 175.34 MPa
So, total maximum load that the section can take :

64.32*100*137.45/1000 = 474.8095 kN
Assuming the BOLT shall all be site installed. So, the allowable stresses for bolts are (as
per IRC:24-2001):
in shear: 0.33*250 = 82.5 MPa

in bearing: 0.67*250 = 167.5 MPa
So, bolt resistance in double shear = 2*82.5*/4*222/1000 = 62.72 kN

& in bearing =167.5*12*22/1000 = 44.22 kN
So, bolt value: 44.22 kN
No. of bolts required: 474.809451207655/44.22 = 10.7 Nos.

say 20 Nos.
Thickness of the cover plate required = 6432/(1200-26*2.2) = 8.00mm on both side.

So, provide 12mm thick cover plate on both side..
b. Splicing of 300x300x12 box used as bottom chord.
C/s Area: 101 cm2
Reduction for holes: 32*2.2*12 = 84.48 cm2
Net Area: 138.24-84.48 = 16.52 cm2
Allowable stress in tension in the BOX: 234.00 MPa
So, total maximum load that the section can take :

53.76*100*150/1000 = 386.568 kN
Assuming the BOLT shall all be site installed. So, the allowable stresses for bolts are (as
per IRC:24-2001):
in shear: 0.33*250 = 82.5 MPa

in bearing: 0.67*250 = 167.5 MPa
So, bolt resistance in double shear = 2*82.5*/4*222/1000 = 62.72 kN

& in bearing =167.5*12*22/1000 = 44.22 kN
So, bolt value: 44.22 kN
No. of bolts required: 386.568/44.22 = 8.7 Nos.

say 20 Nos.
The arrangement of bolts (using 4 bolts in one row) in the joint
Thickness of the cover plate required =5376/(1200-32*22) = 8mm.plate on both side.

So, provide 10mm thick cover plate on both side..
Axial compression (Table 11.1 of IRC:24-2001) Bending compression (Table 8.2 of IRC:24-2001)
Fy = 250 340 400 fy 250 340
l = l/r fcb
10 150 204 239 20 13 13
20 148 201 235 30 19 19
30 145 194 225 40 25 26
40 139 183 210 50 31 31
50 132 168 190 60 36 37
60 122 152 168 70 41 43
70 112 135 147 80 46 48
80 101 118 127 90 51 54
90 90 103 109 100 55 59
100 80 90 94 110 60 64
110 72 79 82 120 64 68
120 64 69 71 130 67 73
130 57 61 62 140 71 77
140 51 54 55 150 74 81
150 45 48 49 160 78 85
160 41 43 43 170 81 89
170 37 38 39 180 84 93
180 33 34 35 190 87 97
190 30 31 31 200 89 100
200 28 28 28 210 92 103
210 25 26 26 220 94 106
220 23 24 24 230 96 110
230 21 22 22 240 99 113
240 20 20 20 250 101 115
250 18 18 19 260 103 118
270 104 121
280 106 123
290 108 126
300 110 128
310 111 130
320 113 133
330 114 135
340 115 137
350 117 139
360 118 141
370 119 143
380 120 144
390 121 146
400 122 148
420 124 151
440 126 154
460 128 157
480 130 159
500 131 162
520 133 164
540 134 166
560 135 168
580 136 170
600 137 172
620 138 174
640 139 175
660 140 177
680 141 178
700 142 180
720 143 181
740 143 182
760 144 184
780 145 185
800 145 186
850 147 188
900 148 191
950 149 193
1000 150 195
1050 151 196
1100 152 198
1150 152 199
1200 153 200
1300 154 203
1400 155 205
1500 156 206
1600 157 208
1700 157 209
1800 158 210
1900 158 211
2000 159 212
2200 160 213
2400 160 215
2600 161 216
2800 161 216
3000 161 217
3500 162 218
4000 163 219
4500 163 220
5000 163 221
5500 163 221
6000 164 222
ression (Table 8.2 of IRC:24-2001)  1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6
400
k1 1 1 1 0.9 0.8
13
19  k2 11473613 22947226 0.5
26 1 0.5 0.5 0
32 0.9 0.4 0.4 -0.2
38 0.8 0.3
44 0.7 0.2
49 0.6 0.1
55 0.5 0
60 0.4 -0.2
65 0.3 -0.4
70 0.2 -0.6
75 0.1 -0.8
80 0 -1
84
89
93 Axial stress: (top chord)
97 50 60 190 168 175.34
102 30 40 225 210 213.39
105 40 50 210 190 206.84
109 Axial stress: (bottom chord)
112 10 20 239 235 235.44
116 Axial stress: (tension tie)
119
122 Bending compression (tension tie):
126 6000 0 164 0 -1790.2719
129 6000 0 164 0 -143.87455
132 Axial compression (truss):
135 250 0 18 0 -81.07
137 Bending compression (truss):
140 6000 0 222 0 86.065404
143 Axial compression (bracing):
145 10 20 204 201 201.51
148 180 190 34 31 32.60
150 180 190 34 31 31.74
152 60 70 152 135 142.46
155 Bending compression (bracing):
157
159 Bending compression (truss):
161 6000 0 222 0 -1249.0755
165
169
172
175
178
181
184
187
189
192
194
196
198
200
202
204
205
207
208
210
213
216
219
222
224
226
228
230
233
236
238
240
242
243
245
246
248
250
251
252
253
255
257
258
259
259
260
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2

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1.

This design note consists of 40m through trussed bridge.

Span of Main girders : 40 m

Wearing coarse thickness : 75 mm to be provided

For class 25t tracked vehicle, impact factor

Effective Span 40.0m

C.g. distance from top (m): 0.1375

Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4): 0.000099524

C.g. distance from top (m): 0.1375

Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4): 0.0001154585

Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4): 0.000099524

C.g. distance from top (m): 0.1375

Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4): 0.0001154585

Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4): 0.000099524

10 C.g. distance from left (m): 0.125

Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4): 0.0001154585

Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4): 0.000099524

10 C.g. distance from left (m): 0.125

Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4): 0.000099524

8 IX-X (m4) 0.00003198

x x IY-Y (m4) 0.00000134

8 C.g. distance from left (m): 0.125

Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4): 0.00007567

Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4): 0.00007567

9.4 IX-X (m4) 0.0003829

Cross sectional area (A) (m2): 0.0001136

Y (2-22 hole on each leg) 0.00000

X X Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4): 0.00000026

C.g. distance from left (m) 0.0750

8 IX-X (m4) 0.0000437

x x IY-Y (m4) 0.0000045

0.925 m 10.87 dead load

LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS

Moment at mid span= 263.785883 knm

1 Dead load + Deck Load= 53.5660313 knm

Only steel member

Z required= 357106.875 mm3

Calculated bending compression stress= 22.70 Mpa Hence ok

Stress at level1 5.4889317 Mpa Hence ok

Sectional Properties of Top Chord:

IXX : 2694.6 cm4 IYY : 187.2 cm4 0

Thickness of Flange (Av.), tf = 12.4 mm

For Steel Only Case:

Area of Top Chord:

C.g. Distance from top:

Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4): 2*(2694.6*1e+04)/1e+012 =

Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4):

For Composite (short term loading) Case: m = mt

Area of Top Chord: 0.0041+(2575/10*200)/10^6 =

C.g. Distance from top:

Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4):

For Composite (long term loading) Case: m = mp

Area of Top Chord:

C.g. Distance from top:

Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4):

Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4):

C.g. distance from top (m): 0.100

0 Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4): 0.000059

Ix-y (tortional constant) (m4): 0.0001

Cross sectional area (A) (m2): 0.00407

Iy-y (I about y-axis) (m4): 0.000059

Cross cestional area (A) (m2): 0.00511

Ix-x (I about x-axis) (m4): 2(2694.61e+04)/1e+012 =

0.5(0.45+0.425)0.225**10 = 2.461 kN/m