PANDUAN

PEMBANGUNAN MODUL

@DMRJ, 2019
PANDUAN PEMBANGUNAN MODUL

Tujuan modul
1 Faktor-faktor
dibangunkan 5
persekitaran

2 Kumpulan sasar Perancangan sesi

6
PANDUAN (pengisian)
Matlamat dan jangkaan
3
hasil (outcome) Strategi penyampaian
7
dan material
4 Semakan literatur
(1) Purpose

 The purpose is the overall framework within which the group will be constructed
 To conduct the PE group, it can be helpful to construct a comprehensive
written plan. The plan should begin with a distinct purpose, i.e. the needs of the
group
 The purpose can be determined by the agency, or by your own needs or wishes
 Can be termed as the theme or focus for the group
 Let say:
The purpose is Relapse Prevention Skills (skills training)
(2) Target audience

 We probably will know a few characteristics about the potential participants in

an upcoming group
 The most significant information you need to know are age and level of
education – its will help you to set a goals, objectives and select strategies
 Let say:
The target group is new inmates with relapse experienced, age between 20 to
30 y.o, male
(3) Goals and ….

 The goal(s) is not what you present but what members will learn, understand, or
be able to do as a result of participating in the group
 Its describe what the group is designed to achieve
 Restrict your goals to one or two at most
 Let say:
The goal is to learn and practice relapse prevention skills to overcome relapse
episodes
(3) …. and Expected outcomes

 The expected outcomes is what do you expect group members to be able to

articulate, apply, evaluate, or do as a result of their learning?
 Its should be stated as behavioral objectives
 Focus on specific behaviors
 Should be capable of being observed and assessed
 Provide structure and direction for chosen activities
 Identify techniques and strategies that will be used
 Contribute to additional planning
(3) …. and Expected outcomes

 Example – as stated before (purpose, target audience, and goals)

 Then, the objectives will be…
As a result of participating in the group, member will be able to:
① Know and understand the relapse processes
② List five to ten different high-risk situations
③ Learn at least one skill to overcome each high-risk situation
④ Able to practice at least one skill to overcome potential individual high-risk
situation
⑤ Provide a written recovery planning
(4) Review of literature

 Don’t think or act as you know everything or expert enough on subject matter
 New information, techniques, and other understandings are constantly
emerging
 You need to review the literature to..
 Refresh your knowledge and understanding
 Gain new information about the topic and your target audience
 Trigger new ideas, strategies, and techniques
 Increase your depth of knowledge
(5) Environmental factors

 EF are specific and form the framework for the group, such as:
o Number of sessions – influenced by setting and type of group. (setting – agency,
school or corporate/business; type of group – training, education, self-understanding)
o Length of session – vary depends on target audience, setting and type of group.
Some guideline …
• Do not plan to hold marathon group sessions
• Consider the emotional state of group members
• Decide a goal for each session
• Each session should be self-contained
• Allow each members participate in session
(5) Environmental factors

 EF are specific and form the framework for the group, such as:
o Frequency of session – depends on the topic, purpose, setting, and group participant
(but not less than once a week – lose focus). Members know when the group begins
and when it will end
o Physical meeting space – should fostering interaction among members and have
facilities for exercise & activities, comfort, free from distraction and privacy
(6) Session planning

 Write a session-by-session plan – intend to accomplish your goals and

objectives. The important components in each session should have
o Objective of the session
o A list of needed materials
o An outline or full text for minilecture or information you intend to present
o A tentative schedule and sequence for activities
 Organize activities in each session accordingly, try not to carry over to next
session – to avoid learning process loses its intensity and impact
(6) Session planning

 Example of session format and time

o Introduction (welcome address, session no., title, concept and objective) – 5 to 10
minutes
o Information delivery (choose media, such as lecture/minilecture, short film – to present
the topic of the session) – 15 to 20 minutes
o Activity (choose activity, such as small group discussion, role-play, simulation, training,
etc.) – 20 to 30 minutes
o Reflection/Evaluation – (refer to the learning objective – what members get from
activities) through discussion, test or assignment – 10 to 15 minutes
o Termination, and inform the next session, if any (topic, date, time and place) – 5
minutes or less
(7) Instructional strategies & materials

 What techniques are applicable and what materials are usable in your group?

 The major factors to consider when deciding on strategies and selecting

materials are:
o Members’ readiness for learning, maturity level, and ability to participate and use the
materials
o Pacing and scheduling of experiences to use the available time effectively
o Amount of material to be covered
o Number of participants
o Management of large group
(7) ….. materials

 Think and find, and gather all the materials prior to the group session

 What materials? Examples …

o Stationary (i.e., pen, pencil, eraser, paper/book, ruler, sharpener, pencil case, crayon
– basic and affordable)
o Handout – easily read and handle, with extra copies
o Equipment – room, chair (+/- desk), flipchart (with paper), laptop/computer, LCD (+/-
screen), VCD/DVD player, TV
o Assistance
o Instruments (scales)
(7) ….. techniques

 The technique – Lectures or minilectures

o Present point to point to provide an integrated knowledge and understanding
o Efficient ways of getting across a large amount of information in a short time
o Guideline
• Focus only to the topic/subject
• Write out your point
• Use the teaching aids
• Relate with activities
o Drawbacks – short attention spans, passive form of learning, management of contents
(7) ….. techniques

 The technique – Exercise and games

o Can be fun and educational – enjoyable learning to increase motivation,
comprehension and retention
o Recommended for
• An icebreaker or warm-up session
• Observe the members’ response
• Provide alternative ways of presenting materials (content)
• Useful for termination of the group
o Drawbacks – time consuming, expertise, management of contents
(7) ….. techniques

 The technique – Media

o Cover a large amount of materials in a short time, capture interest more easily,
provide visual illustrations, and effective for learning process, manipulating
o Some example of media – movies, audiotapes, videotapes, computer presentations,
and slide
o Drawbacks – overwhelm participants with information, promote passivity, detract from
interaction among members, rely on working equipment (always be prepared to
adjust and use an alternate mode)
(7) ….. techniques

 The technique – Simulation

o To create a significant event applicable to a complex topic discuss in session – such
as to teach problem-solving skills
o Simulation focus on developing solution to a problem
o Drawbacks – usually long term (require more than one session), complex to set up,
intricate to operate (parts), time consuming
(7) ….. techniques

 The technique – Role-play

o To recreate a situation to obtain a better understanding to subject/problem
 Concentrate on the individual and his/her personal issues
 Practice new skills
 Extend present knowledge to logical consequences
 Highlight feelings experienced around a circumstance or situation
o Participants acting as if they were someone else, different in some way, etc. – in a
structured or unstructured (i.e. with or without prescribed script)
o Drawback – players may experience intense feelings