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Administration of Police
Organization

Police - one of the pillars of the criminal justice system

that has the specific responsibility of maintaining law and
order and combating crime within the society.
         - comes from Latin "politia"-civil administration which
itself derives from the ancient Greek police "city"

Administration - an organizational process concerned

with the implementation of objectives and plans and
internal operating efficiency.

Organization - a group of persons working together for a

common goal or objectives.

Police Organization - a group of trained personnel in the

field of public safety administration engaged in the
achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the
maintenance of peace and order, protection of life and
property, enforcement of the laws and the prevention of
crimes.
Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law,
regulation or command.

Law Enforcement Agency - pertains to an organization

responsible for enforcing the laws.

Objectives - refer to the purpose by which the

organization was created. Refer to the goals of the
organization.

Supervision - means the act of watching over the work or

tasks of the members of the organization to ensure that
desired results are achieved.

Management - the process of directing and facilitating the

work of people organized in formal groups in order to
achieve objectives. Judicious or wise use of resources
(manpower, material,money,equipment,
supplies and time).

Hierarchy - represents the formal relationship among

superiors and subordinates in any given organization.
Serves as the framework for the flow of authority
downward and obedience upward, through the
department.

Authority - the right to command and control the

behavior of employees in lower positions within an
organizational hierarchy. Must be viewed in terms of
prescribed roles rather than of individuals.
A particular position within the organization. Carries the
same regardless of who occupies that position.

Management/Administrative Functions
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Directing
4. Controlling
5. staffing
6. Reporting
7. Budgeting

Principles of efficient Management

* Division of work - work specialization can increase

   efficiency with the same amount of effort.

* Authority and Responsibility- authority  includes the

   right to command and the power to require
   obedience. One can not have authority without
   responsibility.

* Discipline - necessary for an organization to function

   effectively, however, the state of the disciplinary
   process depends upon the quality of its leaders.

* Unity of Command - subordinate should receive

   orders from one superior only.
* Scalar Chain - the hierarchy of authority is the order
   of ranks from the highest to the lowest levels of the
   organization. Shows the vertical hierarchy of the
   organization which defines an unbroken chain of
   units from top to bottom describing explicitly the
   flow of authority.

Organizational Units in the Police Organization

1. Functional Units
   
   Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a
    large department; comprised of several divisions.

    Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.

    Section - functional unit within a division that is

    necessary for specialization.

    Unit - functional group within a section or the

    smallest functional group within an organization.

2. Territorial Units

    Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is

    assigned for duty.

    Route - a length of streets designated for patrol

    purpose, also called line beat.

    Beat - an area designed for patrol purposes

    whether foot or motorized.

    Sector - an area containing two or more beat,

    route or post.

    District - a geographical subdivision of a city for

    patrol purposes, usually with its own station.
 
    Area - a section or territorial division of a large city
    each comprised of designated districts.

EVOLUTION OF THE POLICING SYSTEM

ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE”

POLITEIA – Greek word which means government of the

city

POLITIA – Roman word which means condition of the state

or government

POLICE – French word which was later adopted by the

English language

THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE

1.  HOME RULE THEORY
    - policemen are regarded as servants of the community,
who rely
    for the efficiency of their functions upon the express
needs of
    the people.
    - policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the
    preservation of public peace and security.
   
2. CONTINENTAL THEORY
    - policemen are regarded as state or servants of the
    higher authorities
    - the people have no share or have little participation
    with the duties nor connection with the police
    organization.

CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE

1. OLD CONCEPT
    - police service gives the impression of being merely a
    suppressive machinery
    - this philosophy advocates that the measurement of
    police competence is the increasing number of arrests,
    throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than
    trying to prevent them from committing crimes
2. MODERN CONCEPT
    - regards police as the first line of defense of the
    criminal justice system, an organ of crime prevention
    - police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number
    of crimes
    - broadens police activities to cater to social services
    and has for its mission the welfare of the individual
    as well as that of the community in general.

EARLY POLICING SYSTEM

1. KIN POLICING
    - the family of the offended individual was expected to
    assume responsibility for justice
    - the family of the victim was allowed to exact
    vengeance
2. EGYPT
    - ancient rulers had elite unit to protect them
    - created the MEDJAYS, a form of police force whose
    duties include guarding of the tombs and apprehending
    thieves
    - introduced the use of dogs as guards and protectors.
3. ROME
    - created the first organized police force called
    VIGILES OF ROME, or VIGILES URBANI (watchmen of the
    city), which had the primary task of firefighting and
    policing
    - the Vigiles acted as night watch, apprehendinng
   thieves, keeping an eye out for burglars and hunting
   down runaway slaves, and were on occasion used to
   maintain order in the streets
    - the Vigiles dealt primarily with petty crimes and
    looked for disturbances of the peace while they
    patrolled the streets
    - created a special unit called PRAETORIAN GUARDS, a
    special force of guards used by Roman Emperors as the
    Emperors' personal guards
    - as personal guards of the Emperor, their primary duty
    was to protect the Emperor from assassination and
    other forms of attack against the Emperor.
4. ENGLAND
    a) FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM/MUTUAL PLEDGE SYSTEM
    - required all males aged 12 and above to join a group
    of nine to form a TYTHING
    - members of the tything are called a TYTHINGMEN
    - a CONSTABLE served as a leader of ten tythings
    - the primary task of the things was to protect their
    village from thieves and animals
    - tythings were later organized into SHIRES
    - a shire was headed by a leader called SHIRE REEVE,
    which is the origin of the word “sheriff”
    - their duty was to apprehend offenders
    b) PARISH CONSTABLES
    - a parish official charged with controlling crimes
    - appointed to serve for one year
    - duties included organizing watchmen to guard the 
    gates
    - during trouble, the watchman would raise a “HUE AND
    CRY”, a call to arms where the rest of the parish
    would stop what they were doing and come to the aid  
    of the constable.

MODERN POLICING SYSTEM

1) ENGLAND
    a. BOWSTREET RUNNERS - a group of men
        organized to arrest offenders.
      - organized by Henry Fielding, a magistrate in  
        London,in 1749 in London, England.
      - the name was adopted from the name of the street
        where the office of Henry Fielding was located.
      - when Henry Fielding retired as magistrate, he was
        replaced by his blind brother, John Fielding
    b. METROPOLITAN POLICE OF ACT 1829
      - the law that created the first modern police force in
        London England, called the Metropolitan Police  
        Service.
      - this law was passed through the initiative of Sir
        Robert Peel, a member of the Parliament
      - the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service
        is the Scotland Yard, now known as the New  
        Scotland Yard

SIR ROBERT PEEL - recognized as the father of modern

policing system.

2. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

    a. NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT
     - created in 1845 in New York, USA
     - recognized as the first modern style police   
       department in the US.
     - the largest police force in the world
     - modeled after the Metropolitan Police Service of
       London
    b. BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT
     - the oldest police department in the US
     - the first night watch was established in Boston in
       1631.
     - formally founded in May, 1854.

AUGUST VOLLMER - recognized as the Father of Modern

Law Enforcement for his contributions in the development
of the field of criminal justice in the US
- author of the book, Police Administration, which
served as the basic guide in the administration of the
police organization in the US
- was the first police chief of Berkeley, California.

Important Personalities in the Evolution of Philippine

Policing

Brig.Gen. Rafael Crame - the first Filipino Chief of the

Philippine Constabulary in 1917.

Col. Antonio Torres - the first Filipino Chief of Police of the

Manila Police Department in 1935.

Col. Lambert Javalera -  the first chief of police of the

Manila Police Department after the Philippine
Independence from the United States of America in 1946
Dir.Gen. Cesar Nazareno - the first chief of the Philippine
National Police.

HIGHLIGHTS OF RA 6975 – THE DEPARTMENT OF THE

INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT OF
1990, RA 8551 – THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
REFORM AND REORGANIZATION ACT OF
1998 and RA 9708

A. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL 

     GOVERNMENT (DILG)
    - formerly Department of Local Government (DLG)
    - reorganized under RA 6975

ORGANIZATION: - consist of:

a) the Department proper
b) existing bureaus and offices of the DLG
c) local government units (LGU)
    1) provincial governors
    2) city and municipal mayors
d) the National Police Commission
e) the Philippine Public Safety College
f) Philippine National Police
g) Bureau of Fire Protection
h) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

  - the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under RA

    6975
  - headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the
    President and who shall serve at the pleasure of the
    President
  - the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2)
    Undersecretaries and three (3) Assistant Secretaries
      a) Undersecretary for Local Government
      b) Undersecretary for Peace and Order
  - No retired or resigned military officer or police
    official may be appointed as Secretary within one
   (1) year from date of retirement or resignation
  - the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the
    National Police Commission
 
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DILG
1. Assist the President in the exercise of general
    supervision over local governments;
2. Advise the President in the promulgation of policies,
    rules, regulations and other issuances on the general
    supervision over local governments and on public    
    order and safety;
3. Establish and prescribe rules, regulations and other
    issuance's implementing laws on public order and
    safety, the general supervision over local 
    governments and the promotion of local autonomy
    and community empowerment and monitor compliance
    thereof;
4. Provide assistance towards legislation regarding local
    governments, law enforcement and public safety;
    Establish and prescribe plans, policies, programs and
    projects to promote peace and order, ensure public
    safety and further strengthen the administrative,
    technical and fiscal capabilities of local government
    offices and personnel;
5. Formulate plans, policies and programs which will meet
    local emergencies arising from natural and man-made
    disasters; Establish a system of coordination and
    cooperation among the citizenry, local executives and
    the Department, to ensure effective and efficient
    delivery of basic services to the public;
6. Organize, train and equip primarily for the
    performance of police functions, a police force that
    is national in scope and civilian in character.

RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF

NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND)
- under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines
(AFP) was in charge with external security while the
DILG was in charge with internal security
- under RA 8551, the Armed Forces of the Philippines
is now in charge with both internal and external
security with the PNP as support through information
gathering and performance of ordinary police
functions.

NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION

- an agency attached to the DILG for policy
   coordination
- shall exercise administrative control and
   operational supervision over the PNP.
VISION OF THE NAPOLCOM
"We envision the National Police Commission as a
highly dynamic, committed and responsive administering
and
controlling body, actively and effectively facilitating the
evolvement of a highly professional, competent,
disciplined, credible and trustworthy PNP"

MISSION OF THE NAPOLCOM

"To administer and control the Philippine National
Police with the end in view of maintaining a highly
professional, competent, disciplined, credible and
trustworthy PNP”

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NAPOLCOM

A. Exercise administrative control and operational
    supervision over the Philippine National Police (PNP)  
    which shall mean the power to:
  1. Develop policies and promulgate a police manual
      prescribing rules and regulations for efficient
      organization, administration, and operation, including
      criteria for manpower allocation distribution and
      deployment, recruitment, selection, promotion, and
      retirement of personnel and the conduct of qualifying
      entrance and promotional examinations for  
      uniformed members;
  2. Examine and audit, and thereafter establish 
      standards for such purposes on a continuing basis,
      the performance,activities, and facilities of all police
      agencies throughout the country;
  3. Establish a system of uniform crime reporting;
  4. Conduct annual self-report surveys and compile
      statistical data for accurate assessment of the crime
      situation and the proper evaluation of the efficiency 
      and effectiveness of all police units in the country;
  5. Approve or modify plans and programs on education 
      and training, logistical requirements, communications,
      records,information systems, crime laboratory, crime
      prevention and crime reporting;
  6. Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National
      Appellate Board, personnel administrative actions 
      involving the demotion or dismissal from the service
      imposed upon members of the Philippine National 
      Police by the Chief of the Philippine National Police;
  7. Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the Regional
      Appellate Boards, over administrative cases against
      policemen and over decisions on claims for police    
      benefits;
  8. Prescribe minimum standards for arms, equipment, 
      and uniforms and, after consultation with the 
      Philippine Heraldry Commission, for insignia of ranks,
      awards, medals of honor;
  9. Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in 
      matters pertaining to the discharge of its own
      powers and duties,and designate who among its 
      personnel can issue processes and administer oaths
      in connection therewith;
  10. Inspect and assess the compliance of the PNP on 
        the established criteria for manpower allocation,
        distribution and deployment and their impact on the
        community and the crime situation, and thereafter
        formulate appropriate guidelines for maximization of
        resources and effective utilization of the PNP 
        personnel;

  11. Monitor the performance of the local chief

        executives  as deputies of the Commission; and
  12. Monitor and investigate police anomalies and
        irregularities.

B. Advise the President on all matters involving police

     functions and administration;

C. Render to the President and to Congress an annual 

     report of its activities and accomplishments during the
     thirty (30)days after the end of the calendar year, 
     which shall include an appraisal of the conditions
     obtaining in the organization and administration of 
     police agencies in the municipalities, cities and 
     provinces throughout the country, and 
     recommendations for appropriate remedial   
     legislations;

D. Recommend to the President, through the Secretary,

    within sixty (60) days before the commencement of
    each calendar year, a crime prevention program; and
E. Perform such other functions necessary to carry out  
    the provisions of R.A. 6975, as amended, other 
    existing laws and Presidential issuance's, and as the 
    President may direct.

COMPOSITION OF NAPOLCOM
1. One chairperson
2. Four regular commissioner
3. The Chief PNP as ex officio member
Note:
    * shall serve a term of office of six (6) years
        without reappointment or extension
    * three of the four regular commissioners shall come
       from civilian sector and not former members of the
       police or military
    * the fourth regular commissioner shall come from the
       law enforcement sector either active or retired
    * at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners
       shall be a woman
    * from among the three regular commissioners from 
       the civilian sector, the Vice Chairperson shall be
       chosen
    * the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive
       Officer of the Commission
    * refer to the organizational structure of the
       NAPOLCOM

Important dates in the history of modern Philippine

Policing

1901 - ACT no. 175 of the Philippine Commission

established the Philippine constabulary on august
8, 1901.
1905 - the Philippine constabulary school was
established at the sta.lucia barracks in Intramuros
on February 17, 1905.
1908 - the Philippine constabulary school was
transferred to Baguio City.
1916 - the Philippine constabulary school was
renamed academy for officers of the Philippine
constabulary.
1917 - on December 17, 1917, Brigadier General
Rafael Crame from Rizal Province, became the first
Filipino chief of the Philippine constabulary.
1926 - the academy for officers of the Philippine
constabulary was renamed Philippine Constabulary
Academy.
1936 - the Philippine Constabulary Academy
became the present day Philippine Military
Academy. 
1938 - The Philippine Constabulary became the
existing and organized national police force of the
country pursuant to commonwealth act no. 343
dated June 23, 1938 and EO no. 389 dated
December 23, 1950. This decree integrated local
police forces into the Philippines constabulary
operational and organizational set up.
1966 - congress enacted RA no. 4864, the police act
of 1966. This law also created the Police
Commission (POLCOM).
1972 - The POLCOM was reorganized as the
National Police Commission.
1975 - PD 765 was enacted. This law is called the
Police Integration Law of  1975. The Integrated
National Police was established with the Philippine
Constabulary as nucleus under the Department of
national Defense. The NAPOLCOM, originally under
the office of the President was transferred to the
Ministry of National defense.
1985 - The National Police Commission was
returned to the office of the President pursuant to
E.O 1040.
1989 - Executive order 379 placed the Integrated
national Police directly under the command,
supervision and control of the President. This order
vested the NAPOLCOM with the powers of
administrative control and supervision over the
Integrated National Police.
1990 - RA 6975 was passed on December 13, 1990
establishing the Philippine National Police under a
reorganized Department of the Interior and Local
Government (DILG). A new National Police
Commission was created under the DILG.
1998 - congress passed into law RA no. 8551 on
February 25, 1998, otherwise known as the