Student Id: Student Name: Set-1

Odd Semester, 2018-19

Sem-End Examinations, Dec 2018
M. Tech. (CIVIL- Construction Technology and Management), 2018 Batch
I Year, 1st Semester
18CE5117: Green Buildings

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 100

Scheme of Evaluation
(Assume any missing data suitably and design adequate hypothesis, if required)
Part-A (8 X 5M=40M)
Answer ALL Questions
Marks
1. What is Green Building?
“Green or sustainable building is the practice of creating healthier and more
resource-efficient models of construction, renovation, operation, maintenance, 2.5
and demolition.”
A Green Building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency,
conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces
for occupants, as compared to a conventional building 2.5

2. What are the green features addressed in the IGBC rating system? Each 1
Sustainable Architecture and Design Mark
Site Selection and Planning
Energy Efficiency
Water Efficiency
Conservation of Materials
Providing Healthier spaces to the occupants
3. What is the significance of IGBC? 1 Mark
IGBC is spearheading the green building movement in the country each
by sensitizing and motivating stakeholders to adopt green features
in their projects in order to enable “Sustainable built Environment
for all
• Integrated Design by team effort
• Holistic approach by focusing on materials, IAQ, site and
water & Energy efficiency.
 • Recycle, Reuse and Reduce
4. What are Intangible benefits of Green Building? 1 Mark
• Environmental benefits each
Reduce impact on the environment
• Health and Safety benefits
Enhance occupants comport.
• Improve Productivity of Occupants

5. Explain how to maximize system efficiency? 1 Mark

each
 Generate energy at lowest possible price
 Manage energy use at highest energy efficiency
 Reusing and recycling energy
 Select low investment technology to meet present requirement and
environment condition
 Make use of wastes generated within the plant as sources of energy
and reducing the component of purchased fuels and bills
Set up an energy monitoring and reporting system
Conduct Energy Audit
Implementation of Staff Awareness and training program
Benchmarking Proposed for energy performance
 Elimination of steam leakages by trap improvements
 Maximize condensate recovery
 Adopt of combustion controls for maximizing combustion efficiency
 Replace of pumps, fans, air compressors, refrigeration compressors,
and other energy conservation equipment, wherever significant
energy efficiency margins exist

6. Explain ecofriendly captive power generation. 1 Mark

each
Captive Generating plant means a power plant set up by any person to
generate electricity primarily for his own use and includes a power plant set
up by any cooperative society or association of persons for generating
electricity primarily for use of members of such co-operative society or
association. A group of industries can set up a big generating station for
their groups use and sell excess power. They are mostly meant by in-house
power generation for industry and not selling the power to grid of
electricity boards Any organization with 1 MW or higher installed capacity
can become ICPPA member. The generation can be through any means i.e.
Fossil fules (Coal, Petro-products), Wastes (Husk, baggase, waste heat
recovery etc) and nonconventional sources (Hydro, Wind, Solar etc.)
7. Explain Air conditioning. 1 Mark
each
 Air conditioning is the process of altering the properties
of air to more favorable conditions.

 The control of these conditions may be desirable to
maintain the health and comfort of the occupants.
Window air-conditioning system

Split air-conditioning system

Central air-conditioning system

Package air-conditioning system

 
Air condition system makes our life very
comfortable.

We can protect hot or cold weather by air conditioning

system

8. What is IAQ? and problems of IAQ 1 Mark

each
• IAQ stands for “Indoor Air Quality”.
• It refers to the nature of the conditioned (heat/ cool) air that circulates
throughout space/area, where we work and live i.e. the air we breathe
most of the time
Enclosed spaces inhabited by humans produce following effects-
➢ Reduction in oxygen level of spaces.
➢ Increase in CO2 level.
➢ Increase in temperature.
➢ Increase in humidity
➢ Increase in Bioaerosols and odor
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Part-B (4 X 10M=40M)

Answer Question No. 9 and ANY THREE from other 4 Questions

Marks
9. Explain the types of Air conditioning 2.5
marks each
Window air-conditioning system

Split air-conditioning system

Central air-conditioning system

4 Package air-conditioning system

 Window air conditioners are one of the most commonly
used and cheapest type of air conditioners.

 Window air-conditioner units are reliable and simple-
to-install solution to keep a room cool while avoiding
the costly construction of a central air system.

 The split air conditioner comprises of two parts: the
outdoor unit and the indoor unit.
 The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses
components like the compressor, condenser and
expansion valve.
 The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling
coil and the cooling fan


 The central air conditioning plants or the
systems are used when large buildings,
hotels, theatres, airports, shopping malls etc.
are to be air conditioned completely.

The window and split air conditioners are used for
single rooms or small office spaces. Further, these
small units cannot satisfactorily cool the large halls,
auditoriums, receptions areas etc.
 The window and split air conditioners are usually
used for the small air conditioning capacities up to 5
tons.
 The packaged air conditioners are used for the cooling
capacities in between these two extremes.

10. Mention the mandatory requirements in Site selection and planning module 5 marks
each
1.Local building Regulations
mandatory
Intent-
• Ensure that the building complies with necessary statutory &
regulatory codes
Compliance Options-
 • Approved site plan (and/ or) building plans for construction, as
applicable
• Status of completion or completion certificate signed by
Architect/Engineer/Owner OR Occupancy certificate from local
Authority.
2.Soil Erosion Control
Intent-
• Control Soil erosion and sedimentation thereby negative impacts to
the site and surroundings
Compliance Option-
Top Soil Control-
• Top soil stacking
• Temporary seeding
• Permanent seeding
Sedimentation Control-
• Earth Dikes
• Silt fencing
• Sediment traps
• Sediment basins

11. What is sustainability and explain the strategies to get sustainable Building? 1 Mark
each
• Use of Resources to meet our needs without depriving the resources
for the future generations.
• The main focus of Sustainable Development is to preserve the
natural resources and use them very cautiously so that we can
protect our Mother Earth from devastation…!!
• Architecture and Sustainability Factors
• Architecture presents a unique challenge in the field of
sustainability. Construction projects typically consume large amounts
of materials, produce tons of waste, and often involve weighing the
preservation of buildings that have historical significance against the
desire for the development of newer, more modern designs.
• Sustainable construction is defined as “the creation and responsible
management of a healthy built environment based on resource
efficient and ecological principles”. Sustainably designed buildings
aim to lesser their impact on our environment through energy and
resource efficiency.
• Minimising non-renewable resource consumption
• Enhancing the natural environment
• Eliminating or minimising the use of toxic materials
 • “Sustainable building” can be defined as those buildings that have
minimum adverse impacts on the built and natural environment, in
terms of the building themselves, their immediate surroundings and
the broader regional and global setting. Thus, the rational use of
natural resources and appropriate management of the building stock
will contribute to saving scarce resources reducing energy
consumption and improving environmental quality.

12. Explain waste reduction during construction 1 Mark

each
BMR Credit 3 Points: 1
Intent:
• Facilitate segregation of construction and demolition waste at source
to encourage reuse or recycling of materials, thereby avoiding waste
being sent to landfills.
Compliance Options:
• Demonstrate that at least 75% of waste generated during construction
(as per owner / developer’s scope) is diverted from landfills, for reuse
or recycling. Use consistent metrics, either weight or volume, to
show compliance.
Notes:
• Construction waste here refers to civil & interior building waste.
• Excavated earth & stones should not be considered under this credit, as
these are natural resources.
• Temporary materials such as materials used for formwork, scaffolding,
etc., shall not be considered for this credit calculation.
BMR Credit 1 Points: 1-8
Intent:
• Encourage the use of building materials to reduce dependence on
materials that have associated negative environmental impacts.
Compliance Options: (Maximum 8 Points)
1.1 Building Reuse: (1-2 Points)
• Ensure at least 50% (by area) of the structural and/or at least 25% (by
area) of the non-structural (interiors) elements of the existing
building are retained.
Points are awarded as below:
Building Elements Percentage Retained Points
• Structural > 50% 1
• Non-structural (Interiors) > 25% 1
BMR Credit 4 Points: 1-5
Intent:
• Use certified green building materials, products, and equipment, so as
 to reduce dependence on materials that have associated negative
environmental impacts.
Compliance Options:
• Ensure that the project uses at least five passive or active green
building materials, products, and equipment that are certified by CII
under Green Product Certification Programme (GreenPro) or by a
third party agency approved by IGBC.
Points are awarded as below:
Number of Certified Green Products used & Points
• 1 1
• 2 2
• 3 3
• 4 4
• 5 5

13. List the Parameters Affecting IAQ. 1 Mark

each
IAQ stands for “Indoor Air Quality”.
It refers to the nature of the conditioned (heat/ cool) air that circulates
throughout space/area, where we work and live i.e. the air we breathe most
of the time (almost 80 % of the time )
➢ Rate of exchange of air from outdoors (ventilation)
➢ Concentration of pollutants in outdoor air
➢ Rate of emission from sources indoors
➢ Rate of removal of pollutants (Sinks)
➢ Indoor temperature
➢ Indoor humidity
➢ Age of indoor structure
➢ Type of foundation soil
➢ Fresh air contains 21.0% (v/v) O2
➢ Exhaled air contains 17.0% (v/v) O2 and 83.0 % (v/v) CO2
➢ An adult emits 45 gm sweat / hour containing bioaerosols.
➢ An adult produces 300 BTU of heat / hour.
 ➢ Carbon based gaseous pollutants (VOCs) indoors are 2 to 5
times higher than outdoors.

Part-C (1 X 20M=20M)

Answer ANY ONE Question

Marks

14. Explain the certification process and certification levels involved in the Proces-
IGBC rating system. 10 marks
IGBC Green New Buildings rating system® addresses green features under Certification
the following categories for 100 points: levels-10
marks
Sustainable Architecture and Design (5 points) – 3 credits
• Site Selection and Planning (14 points) – 2 Mandatory &11 credits
• Water Conservation (18 points) - 2 Mandatory & 6 credits
• Energy Efficiency (28 points) - 2 Mandatory & 6 credits
• Building Materials and Resources (16 points)-1 Mandatory &4
credits
• Indoor Environmental Quality 12 points) - 2 Mandatory & 8 credits
• Innovation and Development 7 points) - 4 credits
• The guidelines detailed under each mandatory requirement & credit
enables the design and construction of new buildings of all sizes and
types
• Different levels of green building certification are awarded based on
the total credits earned. However, every green new building should
meet certain mandatory requirements, which are non-negotiable. To
receive IGBC certification, building projects satisfy prerequisites and
earn points to achieve different levels of certification.
• The various levels of rating awarded are as below:
• Certification Level Recognition
• Certified - Best Practices ( 40-49 points)
• Silver - Outstanding Performance (50-59)
• Gold - National Excellence (60-74)
• Platinum - Global Leadership (75-100)
15. Explain the steps to reduce Energy Demand 2 marks
each
• There are many ways to reduce our household’s energy use, ranging
from simple behavioural adjustments to extensive home
improvements.
• The two major motives for conserving energy are to save on utility
bills and protect the environment
• Adjust your day-to-day behaviours
Replace your light bulbs
Use smart power strips
Install a programmable or smart thermostat
Purchase energy efficient appliances
Reduce your water heating expenses
Install energy efficient windows
Upgrade your HVAC system
Weatherize your home
Insulate your home