ACTIVIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

PRESENTADO POR:
SANDRA MARCELA QUINTERO ARIAS

TECNOLOGIA EN GESTIÓN LOGÍSTICA

SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE - SENA
BARRANQUILLA
2019
 Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de cada
texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación en
inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or

structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax liability,
and other important considerations. Each form of business organization has
its own advantages and disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select
the one that best fulfills the goals of the entrepreneur and the business.
Selection of an appropriate business organization is a task that requires
accounting and legal expertise and should be done with the advice of a
competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership structure

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole
proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.

Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No

separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has
total control over all export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships are
as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an export-

import business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and requires
little or no government approval. At the state level, registration of the business
name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors need to keep
accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss statement for the
business when filing individual tax returns (Schedule C, Internal Revenue
Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar year and can use the
cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The

owner makes all operational and management decisions concerning the
business. The owner can remove money or other assets of the business
without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or
terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations versus

other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate lower

than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import business
can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other sources. Sole
proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt retirement accounts.
(Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable
for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought to
protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection is not
sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment
creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another
disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal
funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals
have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the owner
may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the death or
disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import

business? If not, how many people have an ownership interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the
business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and subject
to a low degree of government regulation?
  How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and
objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba

su respectivo significado en inglés.

Exportation: Exports are all goods and services sold by a country in foreign territory for use.
Together with imports, they are an essential national accounting tool.

Import: Imports are the set of goods and services purchased by a country in foreign territory for
use in domestic territory.

Entrepernar: An entrepreneur is a person who has the ability to discover and identify some kind of
business opportunity and based on it organizes a series of resources in order to start a business
project.

Business: The business is an operation of some complexity, related to the processes of production,
distribution and sale of services and goods, with the aim of satisfying the different needs of buyers
and benefiting, in turn, sellers.

Taxes: A tax is a tax that is paid to the state to bear public expenses. These compulsory payments
are required to both natural persons and legal persons.

Owner: The owner is the natural or legal person who exercises the action of ownership or domain
of an asset. In other words, it exercises possession and control over a particular good.

Fiscals: tax is an adjective that refers to what is linked to the tax office (the public treasury or the
group of public entities engaged in collecting taxes). The prosecutor, therefore, may be the
minister who is dedicated to caring for and promoting matters of interest to the tax office.

One-person: A one-person company or individual company is one in which the owner is a single
person.
Goals: A goal is the end to which actions or desires are directed. In general, it is identified with the
goals or purposes that a person or organization is marked.

Objectives: The objective is the purpose to be achieved or the goal to be achieved. It is what
drives the individual to make decisions or pursue their aspirations. It's synonymous with destiny,
end, goal.

Government: which is related to the government of a state

Empresario: An entrepreneur is a person who, individually or collectively, sets the objectives and
makes strategic decisions about the goals, means, administration and control of companies, and
assumes both commercial and legal responsibility for Third parties.

Manage: Administer: Administer is a term that comes from the Latin ad whose meaning is
"towards", "direction", and the verb ministrare which means to serve, provide, execute, fulfill. In
its original conception it refers to the person who performs a function or provides a service under
the authority of another.

Retirement: Retirement is the administrative act by which an active worker, whether self-
employed or employed, transitions to a passive or inactivity al.m. situation, after reaching the
maximum age, or due to severe chronic illness or disability. He then gets a monetary benefit for
the rest of his life. The labour legislation of each country stipulates different conditions in this
regard.

Management: is to assume and carry out responsibilities on a process (i.e. on a set of activities),
this can be business or personal

Gain: Gain is the wealth that one or the various parties involved derive as a result of a transaction
or economic process.

Individual: As an individual we designate that which is individual, that cannot be divided. It is used
to refer to the human being, the person, considered as a unit, independent of the others.

Theory: Theory is a term that comes from the Greek theoria that in the historical context meant to
observe, contemplate or study and refer rather to speculative thinking.

3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al

interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el
 material complementario “Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se puede
encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

MAIN IDEAS

• How to carry out a business

• There are different forms of commercial organizations

• The director controls all export and import operations

• The sole proprietors are simple and low in costs

• The owners are in charge of making all the decisions

• The individual companies are governamental

• The individual owners have a lower rate than the tax rate

• The owners are responsible for their business

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga transcripción
literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a presente
progresivo, también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

How to carries out a business How to carriesing out a business

There's are different forms of There's are differenting forms of

commercial organizations
The director controls all export and
import operations
The sole proprietors are simple and
lows in costs
The owners are in charges of make all
the decisions
The individual companies are
governamental
commercial organizations
The director controlling all export and
import operations
The sole proprietors are simple and
low in costsing
The owners are in charge of making all
the decisions
The individual companying are
governamental
 The individual owners have a lower The individual owners having a lower
rate than the tax rate rate than the tax rate
The owners are responsible for their The owners are responsible for their
business business

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

To carry out a business, we find different forms of commercial organization,

where there is a director who controls all export and import operations, and
is the one who makes the decisions of this company. Where the only owners
are simple and low in costs. The owners are in full power to make decisions.
We also find individual companies that are governed by individual owners,
they have lower rates than the tax rate.

Nota: para el desarrollo de esta evidencia se debe tener en cuenta el material de

formación “Using simple present and progressive to export” y el material
complementario asociado a esta actividad de aprendizaje.

Desarrolle esta evidencia con la herramienta ofimática de su preferencia y envíe el

archivo al instructor a través de la plataforma virtual de aprendizaje en formato .doc
o .pdf.

Pasos para enviar la evidencia:

1. Clic en el título de la evidencia.

2. Clic en Examinar mi equipo y buscar el archivo previamente guardado.
3. Dejar un comentario al instructor (opcional).
4. Clic en Enviar.

Nota: esta evidencia es de carácter individual. Recuerde revisar la guía de

aprendizaje con el fin de verificar que ha realizado todas las actividades propuestas,
saber cómo desarrollarlas y entregarlas correctamente.
 Criterios de evaluación
Realiza resúmenes de la información relevante y detallada de un texto técnico en
inglés.