CHAPTER 4

ELEMENTS OF THE VISUAL ARTS

I. LINE = is an important element at the disposal of every artist. Through the lines of
painting or sculpture, the artist can make us know what the work is about. He uses
lines to represent figures and forms.Lines always have direction. They are always
moving.
= Lines, is used in any of art, may either he straight or curved.

 TYPES OF LINES

1) HORIZONTAL LINES - are lines repose and serenity.They express

ideas of calmness and quiescence.
2) VERTICAL LINES – Are lines poised for action. They are poised,
balanced, forceful, and dynamic.
3) DIAGONAL LINES - suggest action and movements. They give
animation to any composition in which they appear.
4) CURVED LINES – suggest grace,movement, flexibibility,
joyousness and grace. They are never harsh or stern since they are
formed by a gradual change in direction.

 THREE CLASSIFICATIONS OF LINES

1) Lines which follow or repeat one another

2) Lines with contrast with one another
3) Transitional lines which modify or soften the effect of others

II. COLOR = Is a property of light. When light goes out , color goes with it.

 THREE DIMENSIONS OF COLOR

1) HUE – Is the dimension of color that gives color it’s name.

 PRIMARY COLOR - are basic colors that can be mixed together
to produce other colors. They are usually considered to be red,
yellow, blue.
  SECONDARY COLORS - is a color made by mixing of two
primary colors in a given color space. And some of them are
green, purple, orange.
 INTERMIDIATE COLORS - sometimes called tertiary colors,
are made by mixing a secondary and a primary color
together.

2) VALUE – Refers to the lightness or darkness of a color.

 TINTS – are values above normal
 SHADES – Are values below normal.

3) INTENSITY – It refers to the brightness or darkness of color. It

gives color strength .Colors differ in intensity.

 TWO KINDS OF COLOR HARMONIES

1. RELATED COLOR HARMONIES – These are may either

monochromatic or adjacent. Monochromatic harmony is made up of
several tones of one hue.
2. CONTRASTED COLOR HARMONIES – Colors which lie directly
opposite each other in the color circle called complementary colors.

 PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS = One important thing the artist has to

remember is that colors are known to have varied psychological and emotional
connotations. Black, for example, is associated with death and gloom; white
stands for purity and innocence.

III. TEXTURE = Is the element that deals more directly with the sense of touch. It has
to do with characteristic of surfaces which can be rough or smooth, fine or coarse,
shiny or dull, plain or irregular.

= Texture is best when appreciated when an object is felt with the hands.

 In painting, texture is used to represent the skin, clothes, jewelry,

furniture, and others.
 Contemporary painters have realized the important effects of
texture on their work. During the 19th and 20th centuries, a high
premium is placed on very smooth surface and forms.
 A group of painters including Cezanne, Picasso and others,
emphasized texture by purposely making portions of the paintings
rough.
  Texture is very real to the sculptor and architect because wood,
stone, brick, concrete, and metal feel different to the touch.
 To the painter, texture is an illusion. He must make an object look
like the way it would feel when one touches it.

IV. PERSPECTIVE = deals with the effects of the distance upon the appearance of
object by means of which the judges spatial relationship. It enables us to perceive
distance and to see the position of objects in space.

 TWO KINDS OF PERSPECTIVE

1. LINEAR PERSPECTIVE - is the representation of an

appearance of distance by means of converging lines. The
linear perspective has to do with the direction of lines and with
the size of the object.

2. AERIAL PERSPECTIVE - Is the representation of relatives

distance of object by gradations of tone and color. Object
become fainter in the distance due to the effect to the
atmosphere.

V. SPACE = In painting as in architecture, space is of great importance. The exterior

of a building is seen as it appears in space while the interior is seen by one who is
inside as enclosing space. Painting does not deal with space directly. It represents
space only on a two-dimensional surface. Sculpture has very little to do with space
relationship or perception of space.

VI. FORM = Form applies to the overall design of a work of art. It describes the
structure or shape of an object.

VII. VOLUME = Refers to the amount of space occupied in three dimensions. It

therefore refers to solidity or thickness.

 PERCEIVE VOLUME IN TWO WAYS

1. By contour lines, shapes of objects

2. By surface lights and shadows
EVALUATION:
1. Is an important element at the disposal of every artist.
A. CURVE
B. LINES
C. ARTS
D. COLOR
RATIONALIZATION : LINES: Because through the lines of painting or
sculpture, the artist can make us know what the work is about.

2. Is the dimension of color that gives color it’s name.

A. COLOR
B. INTENSITY
C. HUE
D. NONE OF THE ABOVE
RATIONALIZATION: HUE :Because hue has the dimensions to make an
artist more artistic.
3. Refers to the lightness or darkness of a color.
A.HUE
B.INTENSITY
C. VALUE
D.SHADES

RATIONALIZATION: VALUE : Because through value an artist can refers to

the lightness or darkness of a color.

4. It has to do with characteristic of surfaces which can be rough or smooth, fine or

coarse, shiny or dull, plain or irregular.
A. VALUE
B. PERSPECTIVE
C. TEXTURE
D. VOLUME
RATIONALIZATION: TEXTURE : Because texture has the element that deals
more directly with the sense of touch
5. It enables us to perceive distance and to see the position of objects in space.
A.TEXTURE
B. VOLUME
C. PERSPECTIVE
D.SPACE
 RATIONALIZATION:PERSPECTIVE : Because it deals with the effects of the
distance upon the appearance of object by means of which the judges
spatial relationship

6. Is the representation of an appearance of distance by means of converging lines.

A. HORIZONTAL LINES
B. LINEAR LINES
C. LINEAR PERSPECTIVE
D. AERIAL PERSPECTIVE
RATIONALIZATION: LINEAR PERSPECTIVE: The linear perspective has to
do with the direction of lines and with the size of the object.

7. Is the representation of relatives distance of object by gradations of tone and

color.

A. AERIAL PERSPECTIVE
B. LINEAR PERSPECTIVE
C. HORIZONTAL PERSPECTIVE
D. VERTICAL PERSPECTIVE
RATIONALIZATION: AERIAL PERSPECTIVE : Becauese in aerial
perspective object become fainter in the distance due to the effect to the
atmosphere.

8. . It describes the structure or shape of an object.

A. FORM
B. VOLUME
C. SPACE
D. SHADES
RATIONALIZATION: FORM : Form applies to the overall design of a work
of art.
9. Refers to the amount of space occupied in three dimensions. It therefore refers to
solidity or thickness.

A. FORM
B. VOLUME
 C. SPACE
D. SHADES
RATIONALIZATION: VOLUME : Because it refers to the amount os space
occupied in three dimensions.
10. Colors are known to have varied psychological and emotional connotations.

A. VALUES OF COLORS
B. PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS
C. VALUES OF ARTS
D. PSYCHOLOGY OF ARTS
RATIONALIZATION: PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS : Because it is one
important thing the artist has to remember , that colors are known to have
varied psychological and emotional connotations.

PREPARED BY:

SAKAY, JENY ROSE O.

ARISTON, CHERRY GAILE P
TOLENTINO, MAICA R.
RAMIREZ, LLOVELY GRACE