1.

3 Differentiating Cells Name:

Two Types of Cells

• Prokaryotic cell: a type of cell without a nucleus and whose internal parts are not surrounded by
membranes
• Eukaryotic cell: a type of cell whose nucleus and other internal parts are surrounded by membranes

Organelles
• Internal structures that carry out the cell’s processes are known as organelles
• Ex) Nucleus contains eukaryotic cell’s genetic material

Some Comparisons

Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell

• No nucleus • Has nucleus containing genetic material

• Fewer organelles • Organelles have membranes
• Organelles have no membrane • 10x as large and more complex
• Smaller and less complex

Prokaryotic Cells
• Some prokaryotic organisms live in extreme environments
• More familiar prok. organisms: bacteria!
• It has a cell wall and a cell membrane that surrounds a jelly-like cytoplasm
• Genetic material float in the cytoplasm
• Ribosome produce protein float within the cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cells
• Two main types: plant and animal

Plant Cells
• Plant cells have organelles that carry out all the process needed for the whole plant to survive
• They also have structures/organelles that animal cells don’t:
• Cell wall to provide support
• Vacuole to store water and substances
• Chloroplast to capture the sun’s energy. Energy is needed for photosynthesis to occur.
• Photosynthesis: a chemical reaction in the cells of plants the converts the Sun’s light
energy into chemical energy that organisms can use
1.3 Differentiating Cells Name:

Photosynthesis
• Occurs in the chloroplast of plant cells
• Changes carbon dioxide (CO2) and water into sugar and oxygen (O2)
• Sugar is needed as food
• Oxygen is waste byproduct released into the air

Animal Cells
• Animal cells have organelles that carry out all of the processed needed for the whole animal to survive
• Cellular respiration: a chemical reaction in the cells of most organisms that releases the energy needed
to carry out life processes
• Sugar and oxygen (O2) are changed into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water
• Energy is released which is used to carry out life functions

Relationships…
• The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration function together as part of an important
cycle.
• Most living things depend on this cycle to survive!