Non-Metallic Materials - Selection and Application

DEP SPECIFICATION
NON-METALLIC MATERIALS – SELECTION AND

APPLICATION
Copyright Shell Group of Companies. No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Shell. Not for resale
DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE
© 2012 Shell Group of companies

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, published or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the copyright owner or Shell Global Solutions International BV.
This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Al Turki Enterprises LLC Mohammed.MS.Shifan@pdo.co.om 29/05/2016 08:43:31
DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
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PREFACE
DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of Shell Global Solutions
International B.V. (Shell GSI) and, in some cases, of other Shell Companies.
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regional, national and industry standards.
The objective is to set the standard for good design and engineering practice to be applied by Shell companies in oil and
gas production, oil refining, gas handling, gasification, chemical processing, or any other such facility, and thereby to help
achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization.
The information set forth in these publications is provided to Shell companies for their consideration and decision to
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................5
1.1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................5
1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS .........5
1.3 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................5
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES ...........................................................................................10
1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES.............................................................................10
1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP .....................................................................................10
1.7 DUAL UNITS.............................................................................................................10
1.8 SOURCES ................................................................................................................10
2. GENERAL.................................................................................................................11
2.1 CATEGORIES OF NON METALLICS ......................................................................11
2.2 MATERIALS SELECTION PROCESS .....................................................................11
3. THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS.............................................................................12
3.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................12
3.2 PLASTICISED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) .......................................................12
3.3 UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC-U) ..............................................12
3.4 CHLORINATED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC-C).................................................12
3.5 POLYETHYLENE (PE) .............................................................................................13
3.6 POLYAMIDE (PA).....................................................................................................15
3.7 POLYPROPYLENE (PP) ..........................................................................................16
3.8 FLUORO POLYMERS (PTFE, PCTFE, PFA, FEP, PVDF)......................................18
3.9 POLYPHENYLENE SULPHIDE (PPS).....................................................................20
3.10 POLYETHERETHERKETONE (PEEK) ....................................................................21
4. THERMOSET MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES ...................................................22
4.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................22
4.2 TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS ...............................................................................22
4.3 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF RESINS...................................................................22
5. ELASTOMER MATERIALS .....................................................................................24
5.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................24
5.2 NATURAL RUBBER (NR).........................................................................................24
5.3 STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER (SBR) ................................................................24
5.4 POLYCHLOROPRENE RUBBER (CR)....................................................................25
5.5 BUTYL RUBBER (IIR) ..............................................................................................25
5.6 CHLOROSULPHONATED POLYETHYLENE (CSM) ..............................................25
5.7 NITRILE BUTADIENE RUBBER (NBR) ...................................................................26
5.8 HYDROGENATED NITRILE BUTADIENE RUBBER (HNBR) .................................26
5.9 ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE-M RUBBER (EPDM)..........................................26
5.10 FLUOROELASTOMERS (FKM) ...............................................................................27
5.11 PERFLUORO ELASTOMER (FFKM) .......................................................................28
5.12 POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE/PROPYLENE (FEPM)......................................29
5.13 FLUORO-SILICONE RUBBERS (VMQ, PMQ, FMQ) ..............................................29
5.14 POLYURETHANE RUBBERS (AU, EU)...................................................................29
5.15 RAPID GAS DECOMPRESSION OF ELASTOMER SEAL MATERIALS ................29
5.16 ELASTOMER SELECTION – UPSTREAM SERVICES...........................................29
5.17 ELASTOMER STORAGE .........................................................................................32
5.18 QUALIFICATION OF ELASTOMERS.......................................................................32
6. CERAMIC MATERIALS ...........................................................................................33
6.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................33
6.2 NON-OXIDE CERAMICS..........................................................................................33
6.3 OXIDE CERAMICS...................................................................................................33
7. INSULATION MATERIALS ......................................................................................33
8. REFERENCES .........................................................................................................37
9. SOURCES ................................................................................................................39

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APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 MATERIALS....................................................................................................40

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 SCOPE
This DEP specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the selection and
application of non-metallic materials. The following categories of non-metallic materials are
covered:
• Thermoplastic materials;
• Thermoset materials;
• Fibre reinforced materials;
• Composite materials;
• Elastomeric materials;
• Ceramic materials;
• Insulation materials.
This DEP, and the companion Informative document, contain a compilation of screened
internal and external references and provide materials data for non-metallic materials in
contact with media related to specific (petro)chemical and oil and gas services. The DEP
Specification is streamlined for project use and includes guidance that may be used by the
Contractor.
It should be noted that this DEP provides requirements and guidelines to be applied on
projects, but is not a materials specification.
More detailed guidance on materials selection for non-metallic materials is provided to the
engineering community of the Principal in Section 2 of the companion Informative
document.
This is a major revision of the DEP of the same number dated April 2003.
1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

Unless otherwise authorised by Shell GSI, the distribution of this DEP is confined to Shell
companies and, where necessary, to Contractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated
by them. Any authorised access to DEPs does not for that reason constitute an
authorization to any documents, data or information to which the DEPs may refer.
This DEP is intended for use in facilities related to oil and gas production, gas handling, oil
refining, chemical processing, gasification, distribution and supply/marketing. This DEP
may also be applied in other similar facilities.
When DEPs are applied, a Management of Change (MOC) process shall be implemented;
this is of particular importance when existing facilities are to be modified.
If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements could be more
stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the
requirements are the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be
acceptable with regards to the safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all
cases the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of
this DEP which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local
regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned, the objective
being to obtain agreement to follow this DEP as closely as possible.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 General definitions
The Contractor is the party that carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project or operation of a
facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor.

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February 2012
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The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party that manufactures or supplies equipment and

services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
The Principal is the party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for it. The Principal
may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the
Principal.
The word shall indicates a requirement.
The word should indicates a recommendation.
1.3.2 Specific definitions
Term Definition
Ceramic Crystalline or partly crystalline structure produced from essentially
inorganic, non-metallic substances and formed either from a molten mass
solidified on cooling, or simultaneously or subsequently formed by the
action of heat (ASTM C 242).
Coating A liquid or mastic compound which, after applying as a thin layer,
converts into an adherent, solid and protective, decorative or functional
film (ASTM D 16).
Elastomer A polymer material with similar properties to rubber (ASTM D 1566).
NOTE: This term should not be used as a synonym for rubber.
Insulation A foamed or syntactic variation of a thermoplastic material, providing

Material improved thermal resistance over the base thermoplastic polymer, fibrous
inorganic material, cellular glass, amorphous silica and refractory.
Paint A pigmented coating (ASTM D 16).
Refractory An inorganic material with chemical and physical properties applicable for
structures and system components exposed to environments above
538°C (1000°F) (ASTM C 71)
Rubber A material capable of quickly and forcibly recovering from all
deformations (ASTM D 1566).
Thermoplastic A plastic that repeatedly will soften by heating and harden by cooling
within a temperature range characteristic for the plastic. In the softened
state, it can be shaped by flow into articles, e.g., by moulding/extrusion
(ASTM D 883).
Thermoset A plastic which is substantially infusible and insoluble after curing by heat
or other means (ASTM D 883).
1.3.3 Abbreviations
Abbreviations are commonly used to describe non-metallic materials. A number of
abbreviations standardised in various codes, e.g., ASTM D 1418 and ASTM D 1600,
ISO 1043 and ISO 1629, are listed below.
Term Definition
ABR Acrylate Butadiene Rubber
ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
ANSI American National Standards Institute
API American Petroleum Institute
ASA Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BR Butadiene Rubber

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Term Definition
BS Butadiene Styrene
CA Cellulose Acetate
CAB Cellulose Acetate Butyrate
CAP Cellulose Acetate Propionate
CFM Polychlorotrifluoroethylene
CM Chloropolyethylene
CP Cellulosepropionate
CPE Chlorinated Polyethylene
CPVC Chlorinated Polyvinylchloride
CR Chloroprene Rubber
CSM Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene
DAP Diallyl Phthalate
ECTFE Ethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene
EPR Ethylene Propylene Rubber
EPS Expanded Polystyrene
EP Exploration and Production
EPDM Ethylene Propylene Rubber
ESC Environmental Stress Cracking
ETFE Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene
EVA Ethylene Vinylacetate
EVAC Ethylene Vinylacetate
EVAL Ethylene Vinylalcohol
FEP Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene
FKM Fluorocarbon Co-polymer
FFKM Perfluoro Elastomer
FMK Fluor-Silicone Rubber
FMQ Fluor-Silicone Rubbers
FRP Fibre Reinforced Plastic
GR-A Apolybutadiene Acrylonitrile Rubber
GR-I Butyl Rubber, Polyisobutylene Isoprene Rubber
GR-N Nitrile Rubber, Nitrile Butadiene Rubber, Polybutadiene Acrylonitrile
Rubber
GR-S Styrene Butadiene Rubber, Polybutadiene Styrene Rubber
GRE Glass Reinforced Epoxy
GRP Glass Reinforced Plastic
GRUP Glass Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester
GRVE Glass Reinforced Vinyl Ester
HNBR Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber

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Term Definition
IIR Butyl Rubber
IM Polyisobutene Rubber
IR Isoprene Rubber
ISSO International Standards Organisation
MDI Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate
MF Melamine Formaldehyde
NBR Nitrile Butadiene Rubber
NR Natural Rubber
OP Oil Products
PA Polyamide (Nylon)
PAI Polyaramide Imide
PAN Polyacrylonitrile
PB Polybutylene
PBTP Polybutylene Terephthalate
PC Polycarbonate
PCTFE Polychlorotrifluoroethylene
PEEK Polyetheretherketone
PE Polyethylene
PE-C Polyethylene, chlorinated; preferred term for CPE
PE-HD Polyethylene high density; preferred term for HDPE
PE-LD Polyethylene, low density; preferred term for LDPE
PE-LLD Polyethylene, linear low density; preferred term for LLDPE
PE-MD Polyethylene, medium density; preferred term for MDPE
PE-UHMW Polyethylene, ultra high molecular weight; preferred term for UHMWPE
PE-VLD Polyethylene, very low density; preferred term for VLDPE
XLPE or PEX Cross-linked Polyethylene consisting of long polymer chains in a
3-dimensional structure
PEI Polyetherimide
PES Polyethersulfone
PETP Polyethylene Terephthalate
PEX Cross-linked Polyethylene
PF Phenol Formaldehyde
PFA Perfluoroalkoxy Copolymer
PFEP Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene
PI Polyimide
PIB Polyisobutylene
PiP Pipe-in-Pipe
PIR Poly-isocyanurate Rubber

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Term Definition
PMMA Polymethyl Methacrylate
PMQ Fluor-Silicone Rubbers
POM Polyoxymethylene, Polyformaldehyde
PP Polypropylene
PPO Polyphenylene Oxide
PPS Polyphenylene Sulphide
PS Polystyrene
PSU Polysulfone
PTFE Polytetrafluoridethylene
PUF Polyurethane (foam)
PUR Polyurethane
PVAC Polyvinyl Acetate
PVAL Polyvinyl Alcohol
PVC Plasticised Polyvinylchloride
PVC-C Chlorinated Polyvinylchloride
PVC-U Unplasticised Polyvinylchloride
PVCC Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
PVDC Polyvinylidene Chloride
PVDF Polyvinylidenefluoride
PVF Polyvinyl Fluoride
RGD Rapid Gas Decompression
SAN Styrene Acrylonitrile
SB Styrene Butadiene
SBR Styrene Butadiene Rubber
SI Silicone
SIC Silicon Carbide
TFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
TPE Thermoplastic Elastomers
TPU Thermoplastic Polyurethane
(A)U, (E)U Polyurethane AU (Polyester), EU (Polyether)
UF Ureum Formaldehyde
UP Unsaturated Polyester
UV Ultra Violet Light
VAC Vinylacetate
VC Vinylchloride
VMQ Fluor-Silicone Rubbers
w/w Type of percentage solution (weight/weight)
XPS Extruded Polystyrene

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1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES
Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section
number is shown in brackets ( ). Other documents referenced by this DEP are listed in (8).
1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES

This DEP is a major revision of the DEP of the same number dated April 2003, and the
changes are too numerous to list here.
1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP

Comments on this DEP may be sent to the Administrator at standards@shell.com, using
the DEP Feedback Form. The DEP Feedback Form can be found on the main page of
“DEPs on the Web”, available through the Global Technical Standards web portal
http://sww.shell.com/standards and on the main page of the DEPs DVD-ROM.
1.7 DUAL UNITS

This DEP contains both the International System (SI) units, as well as the corresponding
US Customary (USC) units, which are given following the SI units in brackets. When
agreed by the Principal, the indicated USC values/units may be used.
1.8 SOURCES
The sources used for data shown in this DEP are listed in (9) and are indicated in the
document by the use of square brackets [ ].

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2. GENERAL
2.1 CATEGORIES OF NON METALLICS

The following categories of non-metallic materials are covered by this DEP:
a) Thermoplastic materials;
b) Thermoset materials;
c) Fibre reinforced materials;
d) Composite materials;
e) Elastomeric materials;
f) Ceramic materials;
g) Insulation materials.
2.2 MATERIALS SELECTION PROCESS

The materials selection process shall ensure that the material is compatible with the service
fluids to which it is exposed over the full design temperature range so that the mechanical,
physical and chemical properties of the component/system satisfy the design requirements
throughout the intended lifetime.
For a number of polymers and applications, generic allowable operating conditions are
provided in this DEP. The application specific DEPs listed in Table 2.1 provide more in
depth guidance on materials selection, acceptance criteria, component design and
materials qualification requirements. The application specific DEPs shall be governing.
Table 2.1 Application specific DEPs
DEP 30.48.60.10-Gen. Rubber Lined Process Equipment

DEP 31.22.30.14-Gen. Glass-Fibre Reinforced Plastic Vessels
DEP 31.40.10.19-Gen. Glass Fire Reinforced Plastic Pipeline and Piping Systems
DEP 31.40.10.20-Gen. Spoolable Fibre-Reinforced Plastic Pipes
DEP 31.40.20.39-Gen. High Density Polyethylene Pipelines and Piping Systems for
Oilfield Applications
DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen. External Polyethylene and Polypropylene Coating for Line Pipe
DEP 31.40.30.34-Gen. Thermoplastic Lined Pipelines
DEP 64.24.32.30-Gen. Insulating and Dense Refractory Concrete Linings
DEP 30.46.00.31-Gen. Thermal Insulation
DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen. Protective Coatings for Onshore Facilities
DEP 30.48.60.13-Gen. Design and Installation of Chemical-Resistant Brick Lining for
Process Equipment
DEP 30.48.60.12-Gen. Design and Installation of Chemical-Resistant Linings for
Concrete Structures

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3. THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS
3.1 GENERAL
The most commonly applied thermoplastics (or those having the greatest potential for use)
in EP, Refining and Chemicals applications are discussed in more detail in the following
sections. They are:
a) Plasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC);
b) Unplasticised PVC (PVC-U);
c) Polyethylene (PE);
d) Polyamide (PA);
e) Polypropylene (PP);
f) Fluor Polymers (PTFE, PCTFE, PFA, FEP, PVDF);
g) Polyphenyle Sulphide (PPS);
h) Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX);
i) Polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
The application of thermoplastic liners in carbon steel pipelines and flow lines shall be in
accordance with DEP 31.40.30.34-Gen.
The application of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic material for
external coating of line pipe shall be in accordance with DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
The application of thermoplastic material in flexible pipes is specified in ISO 13628-2.
NOTE: The minimum/maximum service temperatures provided in the sections below may be limited for
pressure pipe. Commentary on this topic is included in the DEP Informative.
3.2 PLASTICISED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)

PVC-U and PVC-C have replaced plasticised PVC.
3.3 UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC-U)

PVC-U is resistant to inorganic chemicals and several organic chemicals. It is not resistant
against aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Resistance to sodium hypochlorite, sodium
hydroxide and dry chlorine gas has developed its use within the chemical (chlorine)
industry.
Generally, PVC-U is used as chemical resistant lining in GRP storage vessels, and GRP
pipe and fittings.
The maximum service temperature for PVC-U is 60°C (140°F), and the lower limit is 0°C
(32°F).
3.4 CHLORINATED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC-C)

PVC-C is a chlorinated PVC grade which has, for certain services, a better chemical
resistance compared to PVC-U. Maximum service temperature is in accordance with
Table 3.4 for the services indicated.

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Table 3.4 Maximum service temperature (ISO 10358)

of PVC-U and PVC-C
PVC-U PVC-C
Sulphuric acid, 50 % to 90 % 20°C 60°C

(68°F) (140°F)
Sodium hydroxide 10 % - 60 % 60°C 60°C
(140°F) (140°F)
Sodium hypochlorite (12.5 % Cl) 60°C 100°C
(140°F) (140°F)
3.5 POLYETHYLENE (PE)

The maximum service temperature for PE is 60°C (140°F), while the lower temperature limit
is -30°C (-22°F).
The material has limited resistance against weathering, and sunlight/UV exposure, and
therefore requires additional UV protection, when used outdoor.
NOTE: For liner applications and Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe (RTP), the maximum operating temperature
of HDPE may be extended to 65°C (150°F).
Polyethylenes have a limited suitability when aromatics are present in the fluids.
The maximum allowable temperatures for polyethylenes is in accordance with Table 3.5a
and Table 3.5b. For services not listed in the table, refer to external sources.
Table 3.5a Maximum service temperature (ISO 10358 [1])

of PE grades in °C (°F)
Fluid composition Maximum service

temperature for PE-HD
In °C (°F)
Crude oil/gas applications See Table 3.5b
Gas and condensate 50(122)
Dry gas 60 (140)
Water 60 (140)
Sulphuric acid up to conc. < 80 % w/w 40 (104) to
60(140) a
Nitric acid up to conc. of 25 % w/w 60 (140)
Hydrochloric acid, up to 40 % w/w 60 (140)
Sodium hydroxide, up to 70 % w/w 60 (140 )
Phosphoric acid, up to 50% w/w 60 (140 )
NOTES: a Source: [2, 3]:
40°C (104°F): suitable,
60°C (140°F): limited chemical compatibility

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Table 3.5b General performance of polyethylenes

(Source ISO 23936-1 [4])
Environmental condition(s)
Medium/Media Maximum service Description
temperatured°C (°F)
H2S 0 to 60 No influence of H2S on stability of PE
(32 to 140) a in typical temperature range of oil and
gas transport.
CO2 0 to 60 As for H2S.
(32 to 140) a
HC/crude aliphatics, 0 to 60 Cross-linked PE (PE-X, XPE) exhibit
aliphatic oils (32 to 140) a,b better performance.
HC/crude aromatics, 0 to 20 Only cross-linked PE may be
aromatic oils (32 to 68) c acceptable in special cases. Problem:
swelling and permeation strongly
influence the physical properties.
HC/crude naphthenics, 0 to 20 As for aromatics: dissolution at higher
HC/crude cycloaliphatics, (32 to 68) c temperatures (e.g. > 100°C [212°F]).
cycloaliphatic oils
Brine 0 to 60 As for H2S
(32 to 140) a
Acids, 0 to 60 No effect from inorganic non-oxidizing
Bases (caustic service) (32 to 140) a acids or bases. Formic and acetic acid
have no effect up to 60% w/w
concentration.
Surface-active 0 to 60 Stress corrosion cracking has to be
compounds (32 to 140) c considered and tested accordingly.
(inhibitors, emulsifiers, Cross-linked PE types are more
demulsifiers) stable.
Sulfur Solvents:
Amines 0 to 60 Cross-linked types are more stable.
(32 to 140) a
Spindle oil, diesel 0 to 60 Effects like the corresponding crudes.
(32 to 140) c
Disulfides 0 to 60
(32 to 140) c
NOTE: Cross-linked PE (PE-X) generally improves the resistance to chemical degradation.
a Proven applicability.
b Limited applicability.
c Testing required.
d Temperature limitations relate to HDPE.

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3.6 POLYAMIDE (PA)

Polyamide (PA) has good resistance to hydrocarbons but limited resistance to water at
elevated temperatures. The maximum service temperature for PA is 80°C (176°F), while
the lower temperature limit is minus 30°C (-22°F).
Table 3.6a provides general performance of polyamides under typical oil and gas
production conditions
Table 3.6a General performance of PA-11 and PA-12
(Source ISO 23936-1 [4])
Medium/Media Temperature Description
°C (°F)
H2S, CO2 0 to 70 No influence of H2S on stability of PA-11 and
(32 to 158) a PA-12 in typical temperature range of oil and
gas transport 0°C to 90°C (32°F to 194°F).
If presence of water cannot be excluded in all
cases, PA-11 and PA-12 (which undergo
hydrolysis at temperatures above 80°C
[176°F]) cannot be recommended for higher
temperatures.
HC/crude aliphatics, 0 to 70 —
aliphatic oils (32 to 158) a
HC/crude aromatics, 0 to 70 —
aromatics oils (32 to 158) c
HC/crude naphthenics, 0 to 70 —
HC/crude cycloaliphatics, (32 to 158) c
cycloaliphatics oils
Brine 0 to 70 At higher temperatures, hydrolysis occurs.
(32 to 158) a
b
Acids Acid degradation.
b
Bases Degradation by hydrolysis.
Surface-active 0 to 70 —
compounds (32 to 158) c
(inhibitors, emulsifiers,
demulsifiers)
Sulfur solvents:
b
amines Loss of mechanical properties.
spindle oil, diesel 0 to 70 —
(32 to 158) a
disulfides 0 to 70 —
(32 to 158) c
b Not recommended.
c Testing required.

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Effect of production chemicals on PA performance

API 17TR2 provides the following additional limitations due to ageing effects in combination
with production chemicals (Table 3.6b):
Table 3.6.b Effect of production chemicals on PA performance
(Source API 17TR2 report [5])
Production Chemical Nature Continuous Effect of Neat

Chemical Injection Chemical
Aromatic solvents Benzene, toluene, No effect Swelling above
xylene 40°C (104°F).
Minimize exposure
Calcium carbonate Strong inorganic Not used in dilute Strong inorganic
scale dissolver acids, Na EDTA and form acids should not be
alternatives used in PA-11
pipe/liners
Barium sulphate Strong alkalis Not used in dilute Strong alkalis above
scale dissolver form pH = 10 should not
be used in PA-11
pipe.
Wax and asphaltene Aromatic solvents, No effect Aromatic solvents
dissolvers e.g. xylene, or can cause swelling
terpene based above 40°C
solvents, e.g. based (104°F). Minimise
on leminene exposure.
Hydrate inhibitor Neat alcohol, See note a below See note a below
normally methanol
or glycol, but may be
ethanol.
NaOH Hydrate inhibition Not used in dilute Strong alkalis above
form pH = 10 should not
be used in PA-11
pipe.
Corrosion inhibitor Ethoxylated and No effect PA-11 pressure
quaternary amines sheath not normally
in aqueous glycols in contact with neat
or alcohols. pH in chemical, but will be
range 4 – 8 aggressive and
should be avoided.
NOTE: a Pure, liquid methanol diffuses easily and quickly through PA-11 and very effectively extracts
plasticiser and swells the material. In addition, industry grades methanol often contains traces of
oxygen. This oxygen leads to degradation of the PA-11.
Effect of pH
pH shall be taken into account. For details, refer to the API 17TR2 report.
3.7 POLYPROPYLENE (PP)

The maximum service temperature for oil and gas service is 80°C (176°F), depending on
the service conditions and PP grade.
The minimum allowable service temperature depends on the PP grade. For homopolymer
grades, the minimum allowable temperature is about +4°C (39°F), for co-polymer types the
minimum allowable service temperature is -20°C (-4°F).
The maximum service temperature is provided in Table 3.7a and Table 3.7b.

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Table 3.7a Maximum service temperature (ISO 10358 [1])
Typical applications T(max)

Refining and Chemicals °C (°F)
50 % sodium hydroxide 80 (176)
80 % sulphuric acid 40 (104)
80 % phosphoric acid 80 (176)
Oil and gas service 70 (158)
Water 85 (185)
Table 3.7b General performance of PP (Source ISO 23936-1 [4])
°C (°F)
H2S 0 to 80 No influence of H2S on stability of PP in
(32 to 176) a the temperature range of 0°C to 110°C
(32°F to 230°F).
CO2 0 to 80 As for H2S.
(32 to 176) a
aliphatic oils (32 to 266) a,b
HC/crude aromatics, 0 to 20 Swelling and permeation strongly
aromatics oils (32 to 68) c influence the physical properties.
HC/crude naphthenics, 0 to 20 As for aromatics, dissolution at higher
HC/crude cycloaliphatics, (32 to 68) c temperatures.
Brine 0 to 80 —
(32 to 176) a
Acids, bases 0 to 80 No effect from inorganic non-oxidizing
(32 to 176) a acids or bases. Formic and acetic acid
have no effect up to 60 % concentration.
Surface-active 0 to 80 Stress corrosion cracking has to be
compounds (32 to 176) a,b considered and tested accordingly.
demulsifiers)
Sulfur solvents:
amines 0 to 70 —
(32 to 158) a
spindle oil, diesel 0 to 70 Effects like the corresponding crudes.
(32 to 158) c
(32 to 140) c
b Limited applicability.
c Testing required.

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3.8 FLUORO POLYMERS (PTFE, PCTFE, PFA, FEP, PVDF)

The following lists the commonly used, commercially available, fluoro polymers:
a) Polytetraluorethylene (PTFE, also known as “Teflon®”)
b) Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
c) Perfluoralkoxy (PFA)
d) Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)
e) Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF)
Fluoro polymers should not be used in the following environments:
a) fluorine gas;
b) strong reducing agents, such as alkaline metals;
c) sodium;
d) potassium, and;
e) reactions of sodium metal in anhydrous solvents, such as naphthalene and
anhydrous ammonia.
The maximum service temperatures for a PTFE/PCTFE/FEP/PFA are provided in
Table 3.8a.
Table 3.8a Maximum service temperature PTFE/PCTFE/FEP/PFA
Fluid Concentration Temperature 1) Source

composition (% w/w) °C (°F)
Sulphuric acid 50 130 (266) [6]
90 (194) (PFA) [7]
Sulphuric acid 98 130 (266) [6]
90 (194) (PFA) [7]
Hydrochloric 38 150 (302) [8]
acid 130 (266)(PCTFE) [4]
90 (194) (PFA) [7]
Phosphoric 85 150 (302)
acid 130 (266 [4]
5) (PCTFE) [7]
90 (194) (PFA)
Nitric acid 30 150 (302)
130 (266) (PCTFE) [4]
90 (194) (PFA) [7]
Formic acid 50 150 (302)
130 (266) (PCTFE) [4]
90 (194) (PFA) [7]
Hydrofluoric 50 150 (302)
Acid 2)
Polymerisation- NR
prone media 3)

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NOTES: 1) Some sources [4, 7], including Manufacturer/Supplier brochures indicate considerable higher
maximum service temperatures than listed in table 3.8a. In general, maximum operating
temperatures are specified for stress-less conditions (no mechanical load). It should be realized
that the mechanical properties (creep, tensile strength) and wear at high temperatures will be low.
This shall be taken into account.
2) PTFE is commonly used in HF Alkylation units.
3) PTFE shall not be used in polymerisation prone media (ethylene oxide (EO), PO, SM and
butadiene).
PVDF has good chemical and temperature resistance, in the range 0°C (32°F) to 130°C
(266°F).
Table 3.8b [4] provides guidance as to the performance of PVDF in media encountered in
oil and gas production.
Table 3.8c provides guidance as to the performance of PVDF in media encountered in
Downstream production.
Table 3.8b Performance of PVDF in oil and gas production
(Source ISO 23936-1 [4])
°C (°F)
H2S, CO2 0 to 90 No influence of H2S on stability of PVDF in
(32 to 194) a typical temperature range of oil and gas
transport, (0°C to 90°C [32°F to 195°F]).
aliphatic oils (32 to 266) a
HC/crude aromatics, 0 to 130 —
aromatics oils (32 to 266) a
HC/crude naphthenics, 0 to 130 —
HC/crude (32 to 266) a
cycloapiphatics,
Brines 0 to 130 —
(32 to 266) a
Acids 0 to 80 —
(32 to 176) a
b
Bases —
Surface-active 0 to 60 Inhibitors like functional amines can
compounds (32 to 140) c degrade PVDF.
demulsifiers)
Sulfur solvents:
b
amines Cross-linked types are more stable.
spindle oil, diesel 0 to 130 Effects like the corresponding crudes.
(32 to 266) a
(32 to 176) c
b Not recommended.
c Testing required.

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Table 3.8c Performance of PVDF (Downstream services)
Fluid Concentration Temperature Source

composition (% w/w) °C (°F)
Sulphuric acid 60 120 (248) [1, 4, 6]
Sulphuric acid 80 100 (212) [1, 4, 6]
Sulphuric acid 90 80 (176) [1, 4, 6]
Sulphuric acid 98 40 to 60 [6, 7, 9]
(104 to 140)
Hydrochloric 36 100 (212) [1, 3]
acid
Phosphoric acid 85 100 (212) [1, 9]
Nitric acid 30 50 (122) [9]
Formic acid 50 100 (212) [1]
Sodium 6 – 15 95 (203) [1, 9]
hypochlorite
3.9 POLYPHENYLENE SULPHIDE (PPS)

The maximum service temperature for some common services is listed in Table 3.9.
Table 3.9 Maximum operating temperatures for PPS [4]
Typical applications EP, OP and Chemicals T(max)

°C (°F)
Oil/gas/water mixture 150 (302)
Oil/water mixture 150 (302)
Gas and condensate 150 (302)
Dry gas 150 (302)
Water 150 (302)

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3.10 POLYETHERETHERKETONE (PEEK)

Table 3.10 Maximum operating temperatures for PEEK
Typical applications EP, OP and Chemicals T(max) Source

°C (°F)
50 % sulphuric acid NR
80 % phosphoric acid 100 (212) [10]
Benzene 100 (212) [10]
Toluene, Hexane, Heptanes 23 (73) [10]
Oil (Petroleum), Gasoline 100 (212) [10]
Crude oil 23 (73) [10-12]
Water 150 (302)
Sodium hypochlorite 100 (212) [10]
NOTE: Indicated values as listed in resin Manufacturer’s/Supplier’s brochures. Indicated temperatures
represent reported tests temperatures. Actual maximum operating temperature might be higher, but
has not been tested.

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4. THERMOSET MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES
4.1 GENERAL
Thermoset materials covered in this DEP are:
• Epoxy
• Vinyl Ester
• Polyester
4.2 TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS

The maximum allowable temperature is determined by the resin type and state of cure.
Based on experience with typical GRP systems, the maximum allowable service
temperature shall be in accordance with Table 4.2.
Table 4.2 Temperature limitations for thermoset based composites in °C (°F)
Composite material based on Maximum allowable Glass transition

different type resins temperature temperature
Glass-fibre/epoxy (GRE)
- Aromatic-amine cured (MDA) 100 (212) 140 (284)
- Cyclo-aliphatic cured (IPD) 100 (212) 140 (284)
- Aliphatic-amine cured 85 (185) 115 (239)
- Anhydride cured 85 (185) 115 (239)
Glass-fibre/vinyl ester (GRVE)
- Bisphenol A 90 (194) 120 (248)
- Novolac 100 (212) 140 (284)
Glass-fibre/polyester (GRUP)
- Isophthalic 60 (140) 90 (194)
- Bisphenol A 90 (194) 120 (248)
- Chlorinated 80 (176) 110 (230)
The minimum recommended temperature for thermoset type composites, regardless of the
resin system, is minus 40 C (-40 F) although lower temperatures may be considered.
4.3 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF RESINS

The resin Manufacturer/Supplier shall supply chemical resistance data for the relevant
service fluids and the specific resin material,
The chemical resistance information shall state whether the material has been laboratory
tested according to ASTM C581 or equivalent standard (e.g., EN 13121 [13]).
Depending on the aggressiveness of the service fluids, either a single protective layer
(SPL) or an internal chemical resistant layer (CRL) shall be applied.
General guidance on chemical resistance of thermoset type composites is given in
Table 4.3.
For further details, refer to the (governing) DEP 31.40.10.19-Gen.

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Table 4.3 Chemical resistance of thermoset based composites
Fluid type GRE GRE GRE GRVE GRP

Aliphatic Aromatic Anhydride Vinyl ester Polyester
Acids Poor Poor Good Very good Poor
Alkalis Very good Very good Poor Good Not
(caustic) resistant
Solvents Good Good Poor Poor Not

(BTX) resistant
Water Good Good Good Good Good
sea/brackish
NOTE: A chemical resistant layer is often required for aggressive services like caustics or acids. These
chemical resistant layers (CRL) often contain special fibres (e.g. caustic resistant veils or acid resistant
veils). Additional details on materials selection and CRL requirements, are provided in the informative
part of this DEP and DEP 31.40.10.19-Gen.

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5. ELASTOMER MATERIALS
5.1 GENERAL
In this section and (5.17), the following elastomers are addressed:
a) Natural Rubber (NR);
b) Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR);
c) Neoprene Rubber (CR);
d) Butyl Rubber (IIR);
e) Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene (CSM);
f) Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR);
g) Hydrogenated Ntrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR, HNBR);
h) Ethylene Propylene Diene-M Rubber (EPDM);
i) Fluoroelastomers (FKM);
j) Polytetrafluoroethylene/Propylene (FEPM)
k) Perfluoro polymer (FFKM);
l) Fluor-Silicone Rubbers (VMQ, PMQ, FMQ);
m) Polyurethane Rubbers (AU, EU).
5.2 NATURAL RUBBER (NR)

Typical operating temperature range for NR is from –30°C up to 80°C (-22°F to 176°F).
Natural rubber can be used in alkalis, inorganic salts and non-oxidizing acids.
Table 5.2 lists the maximum operating temperature as a function of fluid composition.
Table 5.2 Maximum operating temperature as a function of
application for soft NR
Typical applications T(max) Typical applications EP T(max)

OP and Chemicals °C (°F) °C (°F)
50 % sulphuric acid 50 (122) Water 70 (158)
5.3 STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER (SBR)

The typical operating temperature range for SBR is from -50°C up to 80°C (-55°F up to
45°F).
Table 5.3 Maximum operating temperature as a function of application for SBR

36 % hydrochloric acid 25 (77) Oil/water mixture 70 (158)

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5.4 POLYCHLOROPRENE RUBBER (CR)

The typical operating temperature range for neoprene is from –30°C up to 90°C (-22°F up
to 194°F).
Table 5.4 Maximum operating temperature as a function of application for
Polychloroprene

80 % phosphoric acid 90 (194) Oil/water mixture 70 (158)
5.5 BUTYL RUBBER (IIR)

The typical operating temperature range for butyl rubber is from –40°C up to 120°C
(-40°F up to 248°F).
Table 5.5 Maximum operating temperature as a function of application for Butyl

70 % sodium hydroxide 120 (248) Water 95 (203)
30 % nitric acid 50 (122)
5.6 CHLOROSULPHONATED POLYETHYLENE (CSM)

The typical operating temperature range for CSM is from –30°C up to 120°C (-22°F up to
248°F).
Table 5.6 Maximum operating temperature as a function of application for CSM

50 % sulphuric acid 120 (248) Oil/water mixture 95 (203)
37 % hydrochloric acid 50 (122)

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5.7 NITRILE BUTADIENE RUBBER (NBR)

The typical operating temperature range for NBR rubber is from –25 to 100°C (-13 to
212°F).
NBR is widely used in the Upstream for e.g. valve seals, but it has its limits on H2S (some
Manufacturers/Suppliers specify maximum H2S levels of about 10 ppm).
Table 5.7 Maximum operating temperature as a function of application for NBR

Fuel oil, kerosene 100 (212) Water 90 (194)
Crude oil 100 (212) Oil/water mixture 90 (194)
5.8 HYDROGENATED NITRILE BUTADIENE RUBBER (HNBR)

The typical operating temperature range for HNBR rubber is from –30 to 120°C (-22 to
248°F).
Table.5.8 Maximum operating temperature as a function of application for NBR

Fuel oil, kerosene 120 (248) Water 95 (203)

Crude oil 120 (248) Oil/water mixture 95 (203)
5.9 ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE-M RUBBER (EPDM)

The typical operating temperature range for EPDM rubber is from –40°C up to 150°C
(--40°F up to 302°F).
“Normal” EPDM gaskets should not be used for lean and rich amine solvents and
peroxide-cured EPDM, minimum halogen content (< 200 ppm) can be used up to 120°C
(248°F).
EPDM has a good resistance to hot water, steam, dry heat, ozone and vegetable based
hydraulic oils.
It has a poor resistance against hydrocarbons. It is not recommended for mineral oil
lubricants and greases.

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Table 5.9 Maximum operating temperature as a function of application for EPDM
Typical T(max) Typical T(max)

applications OP °C (°F) applications °C (°F)
and Chemicals EP
Water 150 (302) Water 130 (266)
(sulphur cured EPDM)
150 (302)
(peroxide cured EPDM)
Steam 180 (356)
rich amine 120 (248)
(peroxide cured, low
halogen EPDM)
5.10 FLUOROELASTOMERS (FKM)

FKMs have good resistance to chemical attack by oxidation, by acids and by fuels. They
have a good oil resistance. However, at the high operating temperatures (> 120°C (248°F)
they are mechanically weak, so that any design must provide adequate support against
applied forces. FKMs have limited resistance to steam, hot water, methanol and other
highly polar fluids. They are attacked by amines, strong alkalis and many freons.
The typical operating temperature range for FKM rubber listed by the
Manufacturers/Suppliers is from –25°C up to 170°C (-13 to 338°F).
Some reports from the field have indicated that the upper limit of 170°C (338°F) is too high
and should be reduced to 120°C (248°F), especially in the presence of water. It should be
noted that FKMs are offered in a wide range of blends often optimized for specific service
conditions.
Special grades are available on the market with a wider service temperature range: -40°C
to 200°C (-40°F to 392°F) and/or improved chemical resistance for specific service
conditions.
Note that the maximum temperatures in the tables below are general guidelines. The
performance of the polymers depends on the fluid composition and service conditions.
Table5.10a lists the maximum operating temperature as a function of fluid composition.
There are several classes of FKM (according to ASTM D1418).
Table 5.10b provides an example of typical capability of different types of FKM.
Table 5.10a Maximum operating temperature as a function of application for FKM

Water 120 (248) Water 120 (248)

Fuel oil, kerosene 120 (248) Oil/gas/water mixture 120 (248)
Gas, dry and condensate 120 (248)

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Table 5.10b Performance of some FKM grades in different fluids/environments
Type of Fluoroelastomer(a)
Fluid or environment A B F GBL GF GLT GFLT ETP

66% 68% 70% 66% 70% 64% 67% 67%
Fluorine fluorine fluorine fluorine fluorine fluorine fluorine fluorine
copolymer terpolymer terpolymer terpolymer terpolymer low temp. low temp. non-VF2
terpolymer terpolymer terpolymer
Cure System
Bisphenol Peroxide
Aliphatic hydrocarbons, process fluids, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

chemicals
Aromatic hydrocarbon (toluene, etc.), 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
process fluids, chemicals
Automotive and aviation fuels (pure 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
hydrocarbons – no alcohol)
Automotive / methanol fuels blends up 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
to 100% methanol (flex fuels)
Engine lubricating oils (SE-SF grades) 2 1 2 1 1 1
Engine lubricating oils (SG-SH grades) 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Acid (H2SO4, HNO3), hot water, and 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

steam
Strong base, high pH, caustic amines 1-2
Low molecular weight carbonyls - 100% 1-2

concentration (MTBE, MEK, MIBK, etc.)
Low temperature sealing capability -17 -14 -7 -15 -6 -30 -24 -11
TR-10 test results °C (°F) (1) (7) (19) (5) (21) (-22) (-11) (12)
a = naming convention used by one of the major suppliers of fluoroelastomers

1 = Excellent, minimal volume swell 2 = Very Good, small volume swell
3 = Good, moderate volume swell
5.11 PERFLUORO ELASTOMER (FFKM)

The typical operating temperature range for FFKM is from 0°C up to 260°C (32 to 500°F).
Table 5.11 Maximum operating temperature as a function of application for FFKM

50 % sulphuric acid 150 (302) Oil/gas/water mixture 250 (482)

25 % hydrochloric acid 150 (302) Gas, dry and condensate 250 (482)
30 % nitric acid 150 (302) Rich amine solvents (limited to 150 (300
certain FFKM types only)
50 % formic acid 150 (302)

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5.12 POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE/PROPYLENE (FEPM)

The typical operating temperature range for FEPM material is from –20°C up to 230°C
(-4 F to 446°F).
Table 5.12 Maximum operating temperature as a function of application for FEPM

Fuel oil, kerosene 170 (338) Oil/gas/water mixture 230 (446)

Crude oil 170 (338) Gas, dry and condensate 230 (446)
5.13 FLUORO-SILICONE RUBBERS (VMQ, PMQ, FMQ)

Fluoro-silicone rubbers shall not be used in an oxygen free environment, e.g. downhole
seal application.
Typical operating temperature range for fluoro-silicone material is from –20°C to 230°C
(-4°F to 446°F).
5.14 POLYURETHANE RUBBERS (AU, EU)

Typical operating temperature range is from –40°C to 90°C (-40°F to 194°F).
5.15 RAPID GAS DECOMPRESSION OF ELASTOMER SEAL MATERIALS

5.15.1 Seal material selection criteria
5.15.1.1 Chemical resistance
The material selected shall be compatible with the service fluids to which it is exposed over
the full design temperature range so that the mechanical, physical and chemical properties
of the seal satisfy the design requirements throughout the intended lifetime. Information
about chemical resistance of elastomer materials in a variety of chemical environments is
given in (Appendix 1, Table 1A), of this DEP.
5.15.1.2 Resistance against RGD
For reliable, safe and long-term sealing applications at pressures in excess of 40 bar
(580 psi) gas pressures, and decompression rates higher than 10 bar per minute, and
elevated temperature, particularly above 80°C (176°F), RGD resistant elastomer materials
shall be selected.
5.16 ELASTOMER SELECTION – UPSTREAM SERVICES

5.16.1 General
Table 5.16 is provided as a general selection guidance for elastomer under specific
Upstream service conditions.
Please note these are general guidelines. Contact a polymer and composite expert for
further support.

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Table 5.16 General; elastomer selection guide
ELASTOMER SELECT ION GUIDE

Material Type NBR or Buna N - Nitrile (1)(2) HNBR - Hydrogentated Nitrile FKM - Viton® (2)(5) FEPM - Aflas®(2) FFKM - Kalrez® Chemraz®
(2),(8) (2)
Low & High Range Extremes VLow Low High VHigh VLow Low High VHigh VLo Low High VHigh VLo Low High VHigh VL Low High VHig
Deg C -40 -29 115 125 -40 -29 127 160 -26 -15 200 204 -10 0 200 204 -26 -15 260 315
Deg F -40 -22 239 257 -40 -22 260 320 -15 5 392 400 14 32 392 400 -15 5 500 599
Crude Oil OK (1) OK OK OK OK
Hydrocarbons (1) (2) OK (1) OK OK OK (3) OK
Hydrocarbons containing (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
aromatics
Methane Gas (6) OK OK OK OK OK
Water OK OK OK OK OK
H 2 S < 100 ppm OK OK Upto 149C/300F OK OK(4) Upto 204C/400F NO
100 ppm < H2 S < 1000 ppm NO OK Upto 149C/300F OK OK(4) Upto 204C/400F NO
H2S > 1000 ppm NO NO Upto 149C/300F OK OK(4) Upto 204C/400F NO
CO2 Gas (6) OK OK OK OK OK
Water Based Muds OK OK Upto 149 C/300 F OK OK
Oil Based Muds OK OK OK OK OK
Brine Completion Fluid OK OK Upto 149C/300F (12) NO OK OK
Sea Water OK OK Upto 149C/300F NO OK OK
Zinc Bromide NO NO Upto 149C/300F NO OK NO Upto 204C/400F NO
Amine Inhibitors (7) (10) OK 121/250 OK 149/ 300 Upto 93C/200F NO OK NO Upto 204C/400F NO
HCl Acid (7) OK 121/250 OK 149/ 300 Upto 149 C/300 F 149/ 300 OK NO Upto 204C/400F NO
Methanol OK 121/250 OK 149/ 300 Upto 149C/300F (9) 149/ 300 OK OK
Glycol OK OK OK OK OK
Steam NO NO NO OK OK (11)
LEGEND & NOTES NORM AL RANGE: The elastomer type and its common compounds should survive a normal duration pumping or flowing ope ration within or upto the
spe cifie d temperature limitations.
121 C/ SELECT COM POUND SUITABLE FOR VLOW OR VHIGH: The suitability of the elastomer type outside the "gree n range ", but in the ambe r range , must be
250 F ve rifie d with the supplier; but the tempe rature limitations shown should be re spe cted for all compounds.
Notes: See next page.

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Notes to Table 5.16

1. Although nitriles are considered as oil-resistant, they typically swell much more than
fluoroelastomers in hydrocarbon liquids.
2. Could sub-divide "hydrocarbons" to aliphatic, naphthenic and aromatic types; nitriles
should not be used in contact with aromatics (e.g. toluene).
The level of swelling of elastomers in hydrocarbon fluid mixtures in general show a
strong relation to the aromatics content. The presence of aromatics typically results
in a high level of swelling. Often low aromatics content (< 1 %) can already lead to
exceeding the maximum swell criteria. The exact level of swelling depends on the
specific elastomer compound, the exposure temperature and the overall fluid
composition. For applications containing aromatics, please contact a polymer
specialist for advice.
3. FEPM swells more in aromatics than other fluoroelastomer types and should not be
used in contact with such liquids.
4. FEPM will be OK in sour fluids at 205°C (401°F).
5. There are several classes of FKM (according to ASTM D1418) and each has
different monomer mix and property set. The common classes are FKM 1, 2 and 3.
Each fluoroelastomer Manufacturer/Supplier offers these types; the range from
DuPont™ is trademarked "Viton®"; for example. Viton® A is FKM type 1; Viton® B is
FKM type 2; Viton® GLT is FKM type 3.
6. Methane and CO2 gases listed as OK for all materials. Chemically this is correct;
however, if either gas (or mixtures) is at elevated pressure, the threat of RGD
damage is real, particularly at high temperatures. Appropriate advice and testing are
required when high pressure (HP) gas is involved.
See (5.15.1.2) for more details on test requirements with relation to RGD.
7. Concentration is not included as a variable above, for acids, amines. [In the first
instance the supplier should be given the concentration and the seals performance
confirmed.]
8. HNBR will be OK at -40°C (-40°F)(need a low temperature grade) in contact with
sour fluids; the low temp means that chemical reaction rates will be extremely slow;
useful life decreases as temperature rises. When compounded properly, HNBR can
be used to 180°C (356°F).
9. FKMs and methanol: FKM types 1 and 3 are not resistant to neat methanol; swelling
is significant; FKM type 2 swells very little in neat methanol. FKM 1 and 3 are OK in
methanol, provided a few per cent of water is added. FKM type 5 (relatively new) is
likely to be more resistant to inhibitors that types 1-3.
10. If muds contain inhibitors, these can attacked elastomers; always check the MSD
and with Manufacturer/Supplier of mud.
11. There are many grades of FFKM available from DuPont™ (Kalrez®), Greene, Tweed
& Co. (Chemraz®), etc. Some are designed for high temperature (HT), others for
steam resistance, etc.
12. Note: Formate brines can be alkaline, pH >8, the life of FKM types 1-3 will be limited
at 149°C (300°F)

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5.17 ELASTOMER STORAGE

For guidelines on seal storage, refer to ISO 27996 [14].
5.18 QUALIFICATION OF ELASTOMERS

5.18.1 General
The Manufacturer/Supplier shall demonstrate that the elastomer seal material is resistant
against the given service conditions, including its long-term resistance. For both sweet and
sour gas services, with pressure in excess of 40 bar (580 psi) (Class 300), and at elevated
temperatures, resistance against ageing and rapid decompression has to be demonstrated
by qualification testing.
5.18.2 Ageing
To determine the long-term effect on the material properties when exposed to fluids at
elevated temperatures, ageing tests shall be performed in accordance with NORSOK
Standard M-710.
5.18.3 Rapid gas decompression
To determine the resistance of elastomer seal materials against rapid depressurisation,
RGD tests shall be performed in accordance with NORSOK Standard M-710.
The rating procedure for RGD damage shall be in accordance with NORSOK Standard
M-710. The acceptance criteria shall be as follows.
• The damage rating shall be less than 4.
• For critical applications (the definition of which shall be agreed by the Principal), a
damage rating of 0 shall be required, i.e., no visible damage after RGD testing
when performed at the maximum specified design pressure and temperature.

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 33
6. CERAMIC MATERIALS
6.1 GENERAL
Table 1B in (Appendix 1) is given as a general guideline on chemical compatibility of
inorganic materials.
6.2 NON-OXIDE CERAMICS

The maximum operating temperature for silicon carbide in air is 1500°C (2732°F).
Maximum operating temperature for silicon nitride in air is 1100°C (2012°F).
Table 6.2 Maximum operating temperature as a function of application for SiC

and Si3N4

OP and Chemicals °C (°F)
6.3 OXIDE CERAMICS

Maximum operating temperature for zirconia is approximately 1700°C (3092°F).
Maximum operating temperature for alumina (Al2O3) is 1700°C ((3092°F).
Table 6.3 lists the maximum operating temperatures as a function of various service fluid
compositions for aluminia and zirconia.
Table 6.3 Maximum operating temperature as a function of application for

alumina and zirconia

OP and Chemicals °C (°F)
80 % acetic acid 140 (284)
35 % hydrochloric acid 140 (284)
65 % nitric acid 140 (284)
7. INSULATION MATERIALS
The properties of insulation materials and the maximum recommended upper temperature
limits and maximum depth capabilities are given in Table 7a.
For additional requirements of thermal insulation materials, refer to DEP 30.46.00.31-Gen.
Recommendations for typical sub-sea insulation materials are provided in Table 7b.

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 34
Table 7a Physical and thermal properties of insulation materials

Material Max Depth Temperature Tolerance Density Thermal cond. U-value
°C (°F) 12 in. pipe
3 2
m (ft) Dry Hot-Wet Kg/m (lbs/cft) W/mK (Btu/h.ft°F) W/m K
2
(Btu/h.ft °F)
Amorphous Silica 200 (392) No limitation 200 – 275 0.02 (0.012) < 0.7 (0.12)
(13 – 17)
Calcium Silicate 800 (1472) 190 – 230

(12 – 14)
Ceramic fibre 1260 (2300) 128 (8) 0.03 (0.017)
Mineral Wool PiP limited by strength 650 (1202) 130 – 150 0.026 to 0.04 0.7 (0.12)
of the jacket pipe (8 – 9) (0.015 to 0.023)
Aluminium Silicate >200 (>392) 0.10 (0.058) 0.75 (0.13)
Glass fibre wool 500 (932) 50 – 80 0.04 (0.023)

(3 - 5)
Fly ash – microspheres >200 (> 392)
Epoxy syntactic 1000 – 3000 100 (212) 70 (158) 700 (44) 0.09 to 0.15 2 (0.35)
(3281-9843) (0.052 to 0,087)
EPR syntactic -40 to 100 600 (37) 0.15 (0.087)
(-40 to 212)
PE solid Unlimited 120 (248) 120 (248) 950 (60) 0.25 to 0.4 10.2 (1.8)
(0.14 to 0.23)
PP solid Unlimited 100 to 140 100 (212) 0.22 (0.13) 10 (1.76)
(212 to 284)
PU solid Unlimited 100 (212) 70 (158) 0.19 (0.11) 5.1 (0.90)
EPDM Unlimited 130 (266) 150 (302) 0.26 to 0.30 10 (1.76)
(0.15 to 0.17)
Polypropylene foam 600 (1969) 115 (239) 100 (212) 730 (45) 0.17 (0.098) 4 (0.70)

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 35
Material Max Depth Temperature Tolerance Density Thermal cond. U-value

°C (°F) 12 in. pipe
3 2
m (ft) Dry Hot-Wet Kg/m (lbs/cft) W/mK (Btu/h.ft°F) W/m K
2
(Btu/h.ft °F)
PP syntactic 0.16 to 0.18 3 (0.53)
(0.092 to 0.10)
PUR (PUF) PiP limited by strength 100 (212) 100 (212) 400 (25) 0.06 (0.035) 0.7 (0.12)
PIR jacket pipe 150 (302) 150 (302) 32 (2) 0.03 (0.017) 0.8 (0.14)
PU-syntactic 1000 – 3000 80 – 100 70 (158) 700 (44) 0.13 (0.075) 2.7 (0.48)
(3281-9843) (176-212)
PVC foamed 65 (149) 250 (16) 0.05 (0.029)

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 36
Table 7b Commonly used insulation materials for Upstream applications (Source EP Houston)
Max Dry Max Dry Depth Depth Thermal Thermal

Class of Grade of Density Density Specific Heat Specific Heat
Application Supplier Temp Temp rating rating Conductivity Conductivity 3 Comments
Material Material (kg/m ) (Lbs/cft) (Cal/(g‐°C)) (Cal/(g°F))
(°C) (°F) (FSW) (m) (W/(m.K)) (Btu/(hr‐ft‐F))
min min min max min max min max

Hyperlast DW‐ BrederoShaw Glass Syntactic
99 210 9800 2993 0.16 0.18 0.09 0.11 769 833 48.00 52.00 0.40 0.42 0.40 0.42
512 CRP Polyurethane
GSPU
Elastoshore BFT (Bayou (GSPU) Multiple
88 190 9800 2993 0.16 0.18 0.09 0.11 769 833 48.00 52.00 0.42 0.44 0.42 0.44
2570/1 Flow depth grades
Riser
Multilayer Borealis Polypropylene
BrederoShaw 121 250 9800 2993 0.21 0.123 881 55.00 0.45 0.45
PP/Thermolite BA202E custom layer
Glass Syntactic
GSPP Basell Soco‐Ril 121 250 9800 2993 0.16 0.17 0.09 0.100 721 801 45.00 50.00 0.04 0.04
Polypropylene
Hyperlast DW‐ BrederoShaw
99 210 9800 2993
512 CRP
GSPU
Elastoshore
BFT 88 190 9800 2993
2570/1
Flowline
Multilayer Borealis
BrederoShaw 121 250 9800 2993
PP/Thermolite BA202E
GSPP Basell Soco‐Ril 121 250 9800 2993
93 200 9800 2993
512 CRP
GSPU
Elastoshore
Sleds BFT 88 190 9800 2993
2570/1
C‐Therm FPP Glass Syntactic
GSEP Cuming Corp. 99 210 9800 2993 0.14 0.16 0.08 0.09 769 833 48.00 52.00 0.36 0.43 0.36 0.43
(Pour‐ in‐ Epoxy (GSEP)
99 210 9800 2993
512 CRP
GSPU
Elastoshore
BFT 88 190 9800 2993
Jumpers 2570/1
Glass Syntactic
NovoLastic NovoLastic HT FMC 149 300 9800 2993 0.16 0.19 0.09 0.11 945 1025 59.00 64.00 0.60 0.6 Silicone
(fiberglass
Hyperlast DW‐
BrederoShaw 99 210 9800 2993
512
GSPU
Elastoshore
Trees BFT 88 190 9800 2993
2570/1
NovoLastic NovoLastic HT FMC 149 300 9800 2993

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 37
8. REFERENCES
In this DEP, reference is made to the following publications:
NOTES: 1. Unless specifically designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used,
together with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereto.
2. The DEPs and most referenced external standards are available to Shell staff on the SWW (Shell
Wide Web) at http://sww.shell.com/standards/.
SHELL STANDARDS
Thermal Insulation DEP 30.46.00.31-Gen.
Protective Coatings for Onshore Facilities DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.
Rubber-Lined Process Equipment DEP 30.48.60.10-Gen.
Design and Installation of Chemical-Resistant Linings for Concrete DEP 30.48.60.12-Gen.
Structures
Design and Installation of Chemical-Resistant Brick Lining for DEP 30.48.60.13-Gen.
Process Equipment
Glass-Fibre Reinforced Plastic Vessels DEP 31.22.30.14-Gen.
Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic Pipeline and Piping Systems DEP 31.40.10.19-Gen.
Spoolable Fibre-Reinforced Plastic Pipes DEP 31.40.10.20-Gen.
High Density Polyethylene Pipelines and Piping Systems for Oilfield DEP 31.40.20.39-Gen.
Applications
External Polyethylene and Polypropylene Coating for Line Pipe DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
(Amendments/Supplements to ISO/DIS 21809-1:2009)
Thermoplastic Lined Pipelines DEP 31.40.30.34-Gen.
Insulating and Dense Refractory Concrete Linings DEP 64.24.32.30-Gen.
AMERICAN STANDARDS
The Ageing of PA-11 in Flexible Pipes API 17TR2
Standard Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance of ASTM C581
Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber Reinforced Structures
Intended for Liquid Service
Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories ASTM C71
Standard Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products ASTM C242
Standard Practice for Rubber and Rubber Latices—Nomenclature ASTM D1418
Standard Terminology Relating to Rubber ASTM D1566
Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and ASTM D16
Applications
Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics ASTM D883
Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics ASTM D1600
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
GRP Tanks and Vessels for Use Above Ground - Part 1: Raw EN 13121-1
Materials - Specification Conditions and Acceptance Conditions

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 38
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Design and Operation of ISO 13628-2
Subsea Production Systems - Part 2: Unbonded Flexible Pipe
Systems for Subsea and Marine Applications
Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries - Non-Metallic ISO 23936-1
Materials in Contact with Media Related to Oil and Gas Production -
Part 1: Thermoplastics
Aerospace Fluid Systems - Elastomer Seals - Storage and Shelf Life ISO 27996
Plastics Pipes and Fittings - Combined Chemical-Resistance ISO/TR 10358
Classification Table, 1993
Plastics — Symbols and Abbreviated Terms — ISO 1043-1
Part 1: Basic Polymers and Their Special Characteristics
Rubbers and Latices - Nomenclature ISO 1629
NORWEGIAN STANDARDS
Qualification of Non-Metallic Sealing Materials and Manufacturers NORSOK M-710
TECHNICAL PAPERS
Victrex® Chemical Resistance Table, 2010.
Greene,Tweed, & Co.

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 39
9. SOURCES
References to these sources are indicated in this DEP by the numbers between square
brackets [ ].
1. ISO/TR 10358, Plastics Pipes and Fittings - Combined Chemical-Resistance Classification

Table, 1993.
2. Georg-Fisher, Chemical Resistance of Plastics and Elastomers Used in Pipeline
Construction.
3. Ehrenstein, G. and S. Pongratz, Beständigkeit von Kunststoffen (Band 1 + 2). 2007:
Hanser.
4. ISO 23936-1:2009, Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries - Non-Metallic
Materials in Contact with Media Related to Oil and Gas Production - Part 1: Thermoplastics,
2009.
5. API Technical Report 17TR2, first edition, June 2003, The Ageing of PA-11 in Flexible
Pipes, 2003.
6. Dechema Volume 28, Dechema Werkstoff Tabelle - Korrosions- und Chemische
Bestaendigkeit von Werkstoffen - Schwefelsaeure, 1990.
7. Schweitzer, P.A., Corrosion-Resistant Linings and Coatings. 2001, New York - Basel:
Marcel Dekker Inc., 427.
8. Dechema Volume 44, Dechema Werkstoff Tabelle - Korrosions- und Chemische
Bestaendigkeit von Werkstoffen - Salzsaeure (HCl), 2001.
9. Kynar® Polyvinylidene Fluoride Chemical Resistance Chart, Arkema.
10. Greene, Tweed, Victrex Chemical Resistance Table. 2010.
11. Chemical Resistance Guide, Harrington.
12. Quadrant Engineering Plastics Products, Quadrant-Plastics.
13. EN 13121-2:2003 (E) - GRP Tanks and Vessels for Use Above Ground - Part 2: Composite
Materials - Chemical Resistance, 2003.
14. ISO 27996, Areospace Fluid Systems - Elastomer Seals - Storage and Shelf Life, 2009.

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 40
APPENDIX 1 MATERIALS
Table 1A Rubber/Elastomeric Materials (Temperatures in °C (°F)
CSM CR EPDM FFKM FKM IIR NBR NR (soft) SBR Fluoro-silicone
Air: Max. operating 120 90 150 (302) 250 (482) 170 120 100 (212) 80 (176) 100 210 (410)
temperature °C (°F) (248) (194) (338) (248) (212)
INORGANIC ACIDS
Hydrochloric 10 % • • • • 70 (158) 50 (122) • 50 (122) • •
Hydrochloric 20 % • X • • 70 (158) • • 50 (122) • X
Hydrochloric 35 % 50 (122) X • • 70 (158) • • • • X
Hydrofluoric 10 % • X X • 100 70 (158) X 70 (158) • •

(212)
Hydrofluoric 20 % • X X • 100 70 (158) X 70 (158) • X
(212)
Hydrofluoric 35 % • X X • 100 X X X • •
(212)
Nitric 10 % • X • • • 50 (122) X X X •
Nitric 65 % X X X • • X X X X X
Nitric 100 % X X X • • X X X X X
Phosphoric 10 % 80 (176) • • • 100 60 (140) • 70 (158) X •

(212)
Phosphoric 50 % • • • • 100 60 (140) • X X •
(212)
Phosphoric 75 % • X • • • X • X X •
Sulphuric 20 % 90 (194) 90 60 (140) • 70 (158) 60 (140) 80 (176) 70 (158) 70 (158) •
(194)
Sulphuric 40 % 90 (194) 70 60 (140) • 70 (158) 60 (140) 80 (176) 60 (140) 60 (140) •
(158)
Sulphuric 60 % 80 (176) • 60 (140) • 70 (158) • • • • X
Sulphuric 80 % 70 (158) X • • 70 (160) • X X X X

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 41
Sulphuric 98 % X X X • • X X X X X

ORGANIC ACIDS
Acetic 10 % X X X • • 40 (105) • X • •
Acetic 60 % X X X • • • • X X •
Acetic 100 % X X X • X • • X X •
Acetic anhydride 80 (176) 80 • • X • X X X •
(176)
Benzene sulphonic 10 % • 70 • • X X X X X •
(158)
Benzene sulphonic 30 % X • • • X X X X X •
Chloroacetic 10 % • X • • • X X X X •
Chloroacetic 20 % X X • • • X X X X •
ALKALIS
Ammonium hyd. 10 % 80 (176) 40 • • • 60 (140) 60 (140) 70 (158) 100 •
(104) (212)
Ammonium hyd. 30 % 80 (176) 40 • • • 60 (140) 60 (140) 70 (158) 100 •
(104) (212)
Calcium hyd. 10 % 80 (176) 90 • • • 60 (140) 60 (140) 70 (158) 90 (194) •
(194)
Calcium hyd. 50 % 80 (176) 90 • • • 60 (140) 60 (140) 70 (158) 90 (194) •
(194)
Potassium hyd. 10 % 80 (176) 90 • • X 60 (140) 60 (140) 70 (158) 90 (194) X
(194)
Potassium hyd. 50 % 80 (176) 90 • • X 60 (140) 60 (140) 70 (158) 90 (194) •
(194)
Sodium hyd. 10 % 80 (176) 90 • • 70 (158) 60 (140) 60 (140) 70 (158) 90 (194) •
(194)
Sodium hyd. 30 % 80 (176) 90 • • 70 (158) 60 (140) 60 (140) 70 (158) 90 (194) •
(194)
Sodium hyd. 70 % 80 (176) 90 • • • 60 (140) 60 (140) 70 (158) 90 (194) •
(194)

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 42
(194)

LIQUIDS/GAS MEDIA
Ammonia gas X • • • X • X X X X
Ammon. Hydroxide 29 % • • • • X • • • • •
Bromine X X X • • X X X X •
Bromine water X X X • • X X X X •
Carbon dioxide 90 (194) • • • • • • • • •
Carbon monoxide 90 (194) • • • • • X • X •
Chlorine dry, concen. X X X • 100 (212) X X • X •
Chlorine dry, dilute X X X • 100 (212) X • • • •
Chlorine water X X X • • X X X X •
Chlorine wet, concen. X X X • • X X X X X
Chlorine wet, dilute X X X • • X X X X X
Hydrogen peroxide, 3 % • X • • • • X X • •
Hydrogen peroxide, 30 % • X • • • • X X • •
Sulphur dioxide, dry • X • • • • • X • X
Sulphur dioxide, liquid X • • • • • X X X X
Sulphur dioxide, water X X • • • • X X • X
Sulphur dioxide, wet X X • • • • X X X X
Sulphur trioxide X X X • • X X X X X

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 43

WATER
Brackish 130 90 (194) 150 (302) 250 (482) 170 (338) 100 90 (194) 70 (158) 80 (176) 220 (428)
(266) (212)
Distilled 130 90 (194) 150 (302) 250 (482) 170 (338) 100 90 (194) 70 (158) 80 (176) 220 (428)
(266) (212)
Potable 130 90 (194) 150 (302) 250 (482) 170 (338) 100 90 (194) 70 (158) 80 (176) 220 (428)
(266) (212)
Salt 130 90 (194) 150 (302) 250 (482) 170 (338) 100 90 (194) 70 (158) 80 (176) 220 (428)
(266) (212)
SALT SOLUTIONS
Aluminium chloride • 60 (140) • • • 100 • 70 (158) • •
(212)
Ammonium chloride • 60 (140) • • • 90 (194) • 70 (158) • •
Ammonium fluor. , 25 % • • • • • • • • • •
Ammonium nitrate • 40 (104) • • • 70 (158) • • • •
Ammonium sulphate • 70 (158) • • • 60 (140) • 70 (158 ) • •
Calcium carbonate • 90 (194) • • • • • 70 (158) • •
Calcium nitrate • 90 (194) • • • • • • • •
Calcium sulphate • 80 (176) • • • • • • • •
Ferrous sulphate • • • • • • • • • •
Potassium chromate • 70 (158) • • • • • 70 (158) • •
Sodium bicarbonate • 90 (194) • • • 80 (176) • 70 (158) • •
Sodium chloride • 90 (194) • • • 100 • 70 (158) • •
(212)
Sodium sulphate • 70 (158) • • • 80 (176) • 70 (158) • •
Zinc sulphate • • • • • • • 70 (158) • •

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 44

HYDROCARBONS - ALIPHATIC
Butadiene X X X • • X X X X •
Heptane • • X • • X • X • •
Hexane • • X • • X • X X •
Propane X • X • • X • X X •
HYDROCARBONS - AROMATIC
Benzene X X X • • X X X X •
Phenol X X X • • • X X X •
Toluene X X X • • X X X X •
Xylene X X X • • X X X X •
HYDROCARBONS - ALCOHOLS
Allanol • • • • • • •
Butanol • • • • • • • • • •
Ethanol 50 (122) 60 (140) • • • 50 50 (122) 60 (140) 50 (122) •
(122)
Isopropanol • • • • • 50 50 (122) 60 (140) • •
(122)
Methanol 60 (140) 60 (140) 60 (140) • X 60 60 (140) 70 (158) 60 (140) •
(140)
Propanol 50 (122) 50 (122) 50 (122) • • 50 50 (122) 50 (122) 50 (122) •
(122)
Glycerol 100 100 100 (212) • • 100 100 70 (158) 100 (212) •
(212) (212) (212) (212)
Glycol 80 (176) 70 (158) • • • 50 • 70 (158) 80 (176) •
(122)
Cyclohexanol • • X • • X • X X •
ETHERS X X X • X X X X X X

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 45

HYDROCARBONS - ALDEHYDES/KETONES
Acetaldehyde X X • • X • X X X X
Acetone X X • • X • X • • X
Cyclohaexanone X X X • X X X X X X
Formaldehyde • • • • X X • X • X
Methyl ethyl ketone X X • • X X X X X X
Methyl isobutyl ketone X X X • X X X X X X
HYDROCARBONS - ESTERS
Amyl acetate X X • • X • X X X X
Butyl acetate X X • • X X X X X X
Dioctyl phthalate X X • • • • • X X •
Ethyl acetate X X • • X • X X X X
Sodium benzoate • • • • • • • • •
HYDROCARBONS - AMINES
Dibutylamine X X • • X X X X X X
Diethylamine • • • • X • • • • X
Monoethanolamine X X • X X • X • • X
Triethanolamine • • • • X • • • • X

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 46

HYDROCARBONS - CHLORINATED
Allyl chloride
Amyl chloride X X X • • X • X X •
Carbon tetrachloride X X X • • X • X X •
Carbon trichloride X X X • • X X X X
Chlorobenzene X X X • • X X X X •
Ethyl chloride X X X • • X • X X X
Ethylene chloride X X X • • X X X X •
Ethylene chlorohydrin • • • • • • X X • •
Ethylene dichloride X X X • • X X X X X
Methyl chloride X X X • • X X X X •
Methylene chloride X X X • • X X X X •
Trichloroethylene X X X • • X X X X •
In Table 1A the following definitions are used;

• – Resistant at ambient temperature, no maximum temperature available, advisable to consult supplier or materials expert.
X - Not resistant.
Number – Resistant up to quoted temperature.
Blank – No data or experience.

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 47
Table 1B Inorganic Materials (Temperatures in °C (°F)

Carbon, non- Graphite, non- Graphite, Porcelain Glass-lining Quartz, Alumina Silicon Silicon Zirconia
impregnated impregnated phenolic silica carbide nitride
Air: Max. op. temp. 400 (752) 400 (752) 200 (392) 250 (482) 250 (482) 1000 (1832) 1700 (3092) 150 302 1100 1700 (3092)
°C (°F) (2012)
INORGANIC ACIDS
Hydrochloric 10 % • • 200 (392) • 140 (284) • • • • •

Hydrochloric 20 % • • 200 (392) • 140 (284) • • • • •
Hydrochloric 35 % • • 200 (392) • 140 (284) • • • X •
Hydrofluoric 10 % • • 150 (302) X X X 50 (122) • X X
Hydrofluoric 20 % • • 150 (302) X X X • • X X
Hydrofluoric 35 % • • 150 (302) X X X • • X X
Nitric 10 % 90 (194) 90 (194) 50 (122) • 140 (284) • • • • •

Nitric 65 % X X X • 140 (284) • • • • •
Nitric 100 % X X X • 140 (284) • • • • •
Phosphoric 10 % • • 150 (302) • X • • • • •
Phosphoric 50 % • • 150 (302) • X • • • • •
Phosphoric 75 % • • 150 (302) X X • 100 (212) • • 100 (212)
Sulphuric 20 % • • 200 (392) • 140 (284) • • • • •

Sulphuric 40 % • • 200 (392) • 140 (284) • • • • •
Sulphuric 60 % • • 200 (392) • 160 (320) • • • • •
Sulphuric 80 % • • 150 (302) • 160 (320) • • • • •
Sulphuric 98 % 70 (158) 70 (158) X • 220 (428) • 140 (284) • 140 (284) 50 (122)

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
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Page 48
ORGANIC ACIDS
Acetic 10 % • • 150 (302) • 100 (212) • • • • •
Acetic 60 % • • 150 (302) • 100 (212) • • • • •
Acetic 100 % • • 150 (302) • 100 (212) • • • • •
Acetic anhydride • • 100 (212) • 100 (212) • • • • •
Benzene sulphonic 10 % • • • • • • • • • •
Benzene sulphonic 30 % • 100 (212) • • • • • • • •
Chloroacetic 10 % • 100 (212) 120 (248) • • • • • • •
Chloroacetic 20 % • 100 (212) 120 (248) • • • • • • •
ALKALIS
Ammonium hyd. 10 % • • • • X • • • • •
Ammonium hyd. 30 % • • • • X X • • X •
Calcium hyd. 10 % • • • • X • • • • •
Calcium hyd. 50 % • • • • X X 50 (122) • X •
Potassium hyd. 10 % • • 100 (212) • X • • • • •
Potassium hyd. 50 % • • • • X X • • X •
Sodium hyd. 10 % • • • • X • • • • •
Sodium hyd. 30 % • • • • X • • • • •
Sodium hyd. 70 % • • • • X X • X X •

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
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Page 49
LIQUID/GAS MEDIA
Ammonia gas • • • • • • • • • •
Ammon. Hydroxide 29 % • • • • • • • • • •
Bromine X X X • 100 (212) • • • • •
Bromine water • • X • 100 (212) • • • • •
Carbon dioxide • • • • 150 (302) • • • • •
Carbon monoxide • • • • 150 (302) • • • • •
Chlorine dry, concen. • • 50 (122) • 200 (392) • • • • •
Chlorine dry, dilute • • 50 (122) • 200 (392) • • • • •
Chlorine water • • • • 180 (356) • • • • •
Chlorine wet, concen. • • • • 180 (356) • • • • •
Chlorine wet, dilute • • 50 (126) • 180 (356) • • • • •
Hydrogen peroxide, 3 % • • • • 100 (216) • • • • •
Hydrogen peroxide, 30 % • • • • 70 (150) • • • • •
Sulphur dioxide, dry • • • • • • • • • •
Sulphur dioxide, liquid • • • • • • • • • •
Sulphur dioxide, water • • • • • • • • • •
Sulphur dioxide, wet • • • • • • • • • •
Sulphur trioxide • 120 (248) • • • • • • • •

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
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Page 50
WATER
Brackish • • • • 130 (266) • • • • 100 (212)
Distilled • • • • 130 (266) • • • • 100 (212)
Potable • • • • 130 (266) • • • • 100 (212)
Salt • • • • 130 (266) • • • • 100 (212)
SALT SOLUTIONS
Aluminium chloride • • • • • • • • • •
Ammonium chloride • • • • • • • • • •
Ammonium fluor. , 25 % X X • • X • 80 (176) • • •
Ammonium nitrate • 100 (212) • • • • • • • •
Ammonium sulphate • • • • • • • • • •
Calcium carbonate • • • • • • • • • •
Calcium nitrate • 100 (212) • • • • • • • •
Calcium sulphate • • • • • • • • • •
Ferrous sulphate • • 150 (302) • • • • • • •
Potassium chromate • 100 (212) • • • • • • • •
Sodium bicarbonate • 100 (212) 100 (212) • • • • • • 50 (122)
Sodium chloride • • 200 (392) • 80 (176) • • • • 50 (122)
Sodium sulphate • 100 (212) 150 (302) • • • • • • 50 (122)
Zinc sulphate • • • • • • • • • •

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 51
HYDROCARBONS - ALIPHATIC
Butadiene • • • • • • • • • •
Heptane • • • • • • • • • •
Hexane • • • • • • • • • •
Propane • • • • • • • • • •
HYDROCARBONS - AROMATIC
Benzene • • 160 (320) • 250 (482) • • • • •
Phenol • • 100 (212) 150 (302) 200 (392) • • • • •
Toluene • • 160 (320) • 150 (302) • • • • •
Xylene • • 140 (284) • 150 (302) • • • • •
HYDROCARBONS - ALCOHOLS
Allanol • • 160 (320) • • • • • • •
Butanol • • 160 (320) • 140 (284) • • • • •
Ethanol • • 160 (320) • 200 (392) • • • • •
Isopropanol • • 160 (320) • 150 (302) • • • • •
Methanol • • 160 (320) • 200 (392) • • • • •
Propanol • • 160 (320) • • • • • • •
Glycerol 160 (320) 160 (320) 160 (320) • 150 (302) • • • • •
Glycol • • 160 (320) • 150 (302) • • • • •
Cyclohexanol • • 160 (320) • • • • • • •

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 52
ETHERS • • 160 (320) • • • • • • •

Carbon, non- Graphite, non- Graphite, Porcelain Glass- Quartz, Alumina Silicon Silicon Zirconia
impregnated impregnated phenolic lining silica carbide nitride
HYDROCARBONS - ALDEHYDES/KETONES
Acetaldehyde • 100 (212) 160 (320) • • • • • • •

Acetone • • 150 (302) • • • • • • •
Cycloheaxanone • • • • • • • • • •
Formaldehyde 70 (158) 70 (158) • • 150 (302) • • • • •
Methyl ethyl ketone • • • • • • • • • •
Methyl isobutyl ketone • • • • • • • • • •
HYDROCARBONS - ETHERS
Amyl acetate • • • • • • • • • •
Butyl acetate • 100 (212) • • • • • • • •
Dioctyl phthalate • • • • • • • • • •
Ethyl acetate • • • • 200 (392) • X • • •
Sodium benzoate • 100 (212) • • • • • • • •
HYDROCARBONS – AMINES
Aniline • • 160 (320) • 180 (356) • • • • •
Dimethylamine • • • • 100 (212) • • • • •
Trimethylamine • • • • 80 (176) • • • • •
Urea • • • • 150 (302) • • • • •

DEP 30.10.02.13-Gen.
February 2012
Page 53
HYDROCARBONS - CHLORINATED
Allyl chloride • • • • • • • • • •
Amyl chloride • • • • • • • • • •
Carbon tetrachloride • • 80 (176) • 200 (392) • • • • •
Carbon trichloride • • 60 (140) • 200 (392) • • • • •
Chlorobenzene • • 130 (266) • • • • • • •
Ethyl chloride 150 (302) 150 (302) 150 (302) • • • • • • •
Ethylene chloride • • • • • • • • • •
Ethylene chlorohydrin • • • • • • • • • •
Ethylene dichloride • • • • • • • • • •
Methyl chloride • • 40 (102) • • • • • • •
Methylene chloride • • • • • • • • • •
Trichloroethylene • • 90 (194) • • • • • • •
In Table 1B the following definitions are used;

• – Resistant at ambient temperature, no maximum temperature available, advisable to consult supplier or materials expert.
X - Not resistant.
Number – Resistant up to quoted temperature.
Blank – No data or experience.


Non-Metallic Materials - Selection and Application

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DEP SPECIFICATION

NON-METALLIC MATERIALS – SELECTION AND

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE

© 2012 Shell Group of companies

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1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

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The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party that manufactures or supplies equipment and

Insulation A foamed or syntactic variation of a thermoplastic material, providing

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1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES

1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP

1.7 DUAL UNITS

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2.1 CATEGORIES OF NON METALLICS

2.2 MATERIALS SELECTION PROCESS

DEP 30.48.60.10-Gen. Rubber Lined Process Equipment

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3.2 PLASTICISED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)

3.3 UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC-U)

3.4 CHLORINATED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC-C)

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Table 3.4 Maximum service temperature (ISO 10358)

Sulphuric acid, 50 % to 90 % 20°C 60°C

3.5 POLYETHYLENE (PE)

Table 3.5a Maximum service temperature (ISO 10358 [1])

Fluid composition Maximum service

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Table 3.5b General performance of polyethylenes

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3.6 POLYAMIDE (PA)

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Effect of production chemicals on PA performance

Production Chemical Nature Continuous Effect of Neat

3.7 POLYPROPYLENE (PP)

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Table 3.7a Maximum service temperature (ISO 10358 [1])

Typical applications T(max)

Table 3.7b General performance of PP (Source ISO 23936-1 [4])

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3.8 FLUORO POLYMERS (PTFE, PCTFE, PFA, FEP, PVDF)

Fluid Concentration Temperature 1) Source

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Table 3.8c Performance of PVDF (Downstream services)

Fluid Concentration Temperature Source

3.9 POLYPHENYLENE SULPHIDE (PPS)

Typical applications EP, OP and Chemicals T(max)

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3.10 POLYETHERETHERKETONE (PEEK)

Typical applications EP, OP and Chemicals T(max) Source

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4. THERMOSET MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES

4.2 TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS

Composite material based on Maximum allowable Glass transition

4.3 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF RESINS

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