1.

Ship’s Types and Various Parts of your Sh

Cargo Ships
 Cargo ships are generally used to transport cargo safely from one place to another. They will have
a ship with a multi-deck or single-deck hull. There are thousands of cargo ships on the move around
the world, transporting good across the globe. They are crucial to international trade. Cargo ships
can transport things such as food, petroleum, furniture, metals, clothes and machinery.

RoRo (Roll on Roll Off

 Most vehicles that are being transported over water internationally are done on a Roll on Roll off
ship. The reason this ship is so popular to transport vehicles is that it’s safer and much faster to just
drive a car onto the ship than using a crane. Once the cars are aboard, they are braced to the ship’s
deck to keep them from moving around while the ship is at sea. This is the type we use primarily
for shipping to the UK & other countries for our vehicles.
Tankers
 Tankers are ships that primarily carry huge quantities of liquid. They can carry a wide range of
liquids such as oil, water, wine and lots of different chemicals that need transporting. They come
in lots of different sizes but some of the larger vessels have the capacity to carry several hundred
thousand tons.

Passenger Ships
 Passenger ships are officially defined as ships that carry more than 12 passengers. If you own a
passenger ship then you will need to abide by strict safety regulations. There have been several
disasters with passenger ships lately so the rules and regulations have been updated in a bid to try
and improve safety. Passengers should be able to travel in a safe and comfortable environment.
Passenger ships also include cruise and holiday ships.
Container Ship
 Container ships (sometimes spelled containerships) are cargo ships that carry all of their load in
truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. They are a common means
of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo. Container
ship capacity is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-
foot and 40-foot (2-TEU) ISO-standard containers, with the latter predominant.

Bulk carrier
 Bulk carriers are a type of ship which transports cargoes in bulk quantities. The cargo transported
in such ships is loose cargo i.e. without any specific packaging to it and generally contains items
like food grains, ores and coals and even cement. Since their inception towards the mid-
19th century, bulk vessels have been revolutionised and streamlined in order to facilitate greater
ease for their owners and operators, presently. In addition to carrying dry cargo like the ones
specified above, a bulker is also engaged at times to carry liquefied cargoes. The liquefied cargo
carried by the bulk ship includes oil, petrol and various other liquid chemical substances.
General cargo ship

A,B,D.hatches No 1, No 2, No3,
C cofferdam
1. Cargo gear, masts and derricks
2. Hatch covers
3. Cargo winches
4. Mast house
5. Main deck
6. Second deck
7. ‘Tween deck centreline bulkhead
8. Lower hold centreline bulkhead
9. Transverse bulkhead
10. Tank top
11. Stowage in holds
12. Deck cargo
A bow
B amidships body
C quarter
D forecastle
E bridge castle

1 stem, bow 18 mooring gear

2 bulb 19 accommodation ladder
3 hawse pipe 20 bridge, flying bridge, “monkey island”
4 forecastle break, forecastle bulkhead 21 lifeboat
5 main deck 22 ladder
6 second deck 23 funnel
7 third deck or orlop deck 24 signal mast, “Christmas tree”
8 upper ‘tween deck 25 aerials
9 lower ‘tween deck 26 cargo derricks
10 lower hold 27 cargo cranes
11 transverse bulkhead 28 heavy lift rig
12 tank top plating 29 hatch covers
13 propeller 30 ventilator
14 rudder 31 mast top, mast platform
15 stern frame 32 samson post, king post
16 counter stern 33 navigation light
17 bulwark 34 hawse gear
35 deck house
High speed large flush deck cargo vessel

1. Rudder
2. Propeller
3. Bossing
4. Bilge keel
5. Load line disc
6. Amidships draft marks
7. Forward draft marks
8. Docking bridge
9. Mainmast
10. After derrick post
– King post
– Samson post
11. Bridge
12. Funnel
13. Radar mast
14. Fore derrick post
15. Foremast
16. Winch platform
17. Derrick boom
18. Ventilator
19. Hatch, Hatchway, cargo hatchway
20. Forecastle
21. Freeing part, wash port
22. Accommodation ladder
23. Mooring pipe
24. Fair-leader, Fair-lead
25. Anchor
26. Windlass
27. Winch
28. Lifeboat
29. Mast head light
30. Range light
31. Side light
32 . Blue peter (Flag)
33 . Signal flag
34 . Ensign/ Stern flag
35. House flag
36. Bulbous bow
1. Rudder

2. Propeller 25 . Anchor
3. Bulbous bow 26. Windlass
4. Bilge keel 27. Winch
5. Load line disc 28 . Life boat
6. Amidships draft marks 29. Mast head light
7. Forward draft marks 30. Range light
8. Docking bridge 31 . Side light
9. Mainmast 32. Blue peter
10. After derrick post 33. Signal flag
King post 34. Ensign flag
Samson post 35. House flag
11. Bridge
12. Funnel
13. Radar mast
14. Fore derrick post
15 . Foremast
16 . Winch platform
17 . Derrick boom
18 . Ventilator
19 . Hatch, hatchway, cargo hatchway
20. Forecastle
21 . Freeing port, wash port
22. Accommodation ladder
23. Mooring pipe
24. Fair-leader, fair-lead
Define

Draft
 The draft or draught of a ship's hull is the vertical distance between the waterline and the
bottom of the hull (keel), with the thickness of the hull included; in the case of not being
included the draft outline would be obtained. Draft determines the minimum depth of
water a ship or boat can safely navigate.
Trim
 Trim is defined as the difference between the draft forward and the draft aft. Draft is the
depth of the hull below the water. If the aft draft is greater, the vessel is described as
being trimmed by the stern, if the forward draft is greater, she is trimmed by the bow.
Displacement
 Displacement or displacement tonnage is the weight of water that a ship pushes aside when
it is floating, which in turn is the weight of a ship (and its contents). It is usually applied to
naval vessels rather than commercial ones, and is measured when the ship's fuel tanks are
full and all stores are aboard.
Dead Weight
 Deadweight tonnage (DWT) refers to the carrying capacity of a vessel. Deadweight
tonnage can be figured by taking the weight of a vessel which is not loaded with cargo and
subtracting that figure from the weight of the vessel loaded to point where it is immersed
to the maximum safe depth.
Tonnage
 Tonnage is a measure of the cargo-carrying capacity of a ship. ... In modern maritime
usage, "tonnage" specifically refers to a calculation of the volume or cargo volume of
a ship. Tonnage should not be confused with displacement, which refers to the actual
weight of the vessel.
Net Tonnage
 Net tonnage (often abbreviated as NT, N.T. or nt) is a dimensionless index calculated from
the total moulded volume of the ship's cargo spaces by using a mathematical formula.
... Net tonnage is used to calculate the port duties and should not be taken as less than 30
per cent of the ship's gross tonnage.
Loaded Displacement
 Loaded displacement is the weight of the ship including cargo, passengers, fuel, water,
stores, dunnage and such other items necessary for use on a voyage. These bring
the ship down to its "load draft", colloquially known as the "waterline".
Stability
 The understanding of a surface ship’s stability can be divided into two parts. First, Intact
Stability. This field of study deals with the stability of a surface ship when the intactness
of its hull is maintained, and no compartment or watertight tank is damaged or freely
flooded by seawater. Secondly, Damaged Stability. The study of damaged stability of a
surface ship includes the identification of compartments or tanks that are subjected to
damage and flooded by sea water, followed by a prediction of resulting trim and draft
conditions.
The Six Motion of a Vessel
 Pitch - The up/down rotation of a vessel about its transverse/Y (side-to-side or port-
starboard) axis. An offset or deviation from normal on this axis is referred to
as trim or out of trim.
 Roll - The tilting rotation of a vessel about its longitudinal/X (front-back or bow-stern)
axis. An offset or deviation from normal on this axis is referred to as list or heel. Heel
refers to an offset that is intentional or expected, as caused by wind pressure on sails,
turning, or other crew actions. The rolling motion towards a steady state (or list) angle
due to the ship's own weight distribution is referred in marine engineering as heel. List
normally refers to an unintentional or unexpected offset, as caused by flooding, battle
damage, shifting cargo, etc.
 Yaw - The turning rotation of a vessel about its vertical/Z axis. An offset or deviation
from normal on this axis is referred to as deviation or set. This is referred to as the
heading of the boat relative to a magnetic compass (Or true heading if referenced to the
true north pole).
 Heave - The linear vertical (up/down) motion; excessive downward heave can swamp a
ship.
 Sway - The linear transverse (side-to-side or port-starboard) motion. This motion is
generated directly either by the water and wind currents exerting forces against the hull or
by the ship's own propulsion; or indirectly by the inertia of the ship while turning. This
movement can be compared to the vessel's drift from its course.
 Surge - The linear longitudinal (front/back or bow/stern) motion imparted by maritime
conditions.
Heel and List
 HEEL - A heel is a "temporary" inclination of a ship, caused by outside forces such as
winds, waves, or during a ship's turn. LIST - A list is a "permanent" inclination of a ship
Volume
 In modern maritime usage, "tonnage" specifically refers to a calculation of the volume or
cargo volume of a ship
Initial Stability
 Ship Buoyancy and Stability. STABILITY AT FINITE ANGLES: It represents the
tendency of a ship to return to the initial. Equilibrium condition after a significant
perturbation, and not capsize. It is a way to. Assess the stability of the ship subjected to
external actions. Initial GM or metacentric height should not be less than 0.15 m.
Statical Stability
 It is defined as the ability of a ship to regain its upright equilibrium position, after the
removal of external factor which caused the vessel to heel at an angle. 2) It gives
the stability information of a vessel under the condition that the outside water is static.
Statical stability is also known as GZ curve and this is actually graphical representation
of ships a transverse.
Dynamic Stability
 The characteristic of a body, such as an aircraft, rocket, or ship, that causes it, when
disturbed from an original state of steady motion in an upright position, to damp the
oscillations set up by restoring moments and gradually return to its original state.
Aft Perpendicular
 The aft perpendicular is taken at the aft side of the rudder post and the
fore perpendicular 'is the vertical line that intersects the forward side of the stem with
the summer load waterline. The Length Overall (loa) is the distance measured between
the fore and aft extreme points of the ship.
LWL
 The waterline length (originally Load Waterline Length, abbreviated to LWL) is the
length of a ship or boat at the point where it sits in the water. It excludes the total length of
the boat, such as features that are out of the water. Most boats rise outwards at
the bow and stern, so a boat may be quite a bit longer than its waterline length. In a ship
with such raked stems, naturally the waterline length changes as the draft of the ship
changes, therefore it is measured from a defined loaded condition.
FPP
 Most of the propellers that are used in ships are fixed pitch propellers (FPP). ... It is this
twist in the blade that results in the forward motion of the propeller with each rotation.
Longitudinal and Transverse Motion
 The up/down rotation of a vessel about its transverse/Y (side-to-side or port-starboard)
axis. An offset or deviation from normal on this axis is referred to as trim or out of trim.
Roll. The tilting rotation of a vessel about its longitudinal/X (front-back or bow-stern)
axis.