Specifications

ANNEX 5
Report
Geotechnical Investigation for
Proposed Wind Turbine Project
at Mare Aux Vacoas, Mauritius
REPORT
Geotechnical Investigation for Proposed
Wind Turbine Project at Mare Aux
Vacoas, Mauritius
Prepared for:
PAD & CO. LTD.
MOTORWAY M3, RICHETERRE,
TERRE ROUGE, MAURITIUS
Prepared by:
Consulting Geotechnical Engineers & Geoscientists

Tel: (230) 290 1350, Email:geocrustltd@yahoo.com
www.geocrust.com
On Behalf of
GEOCONSUL LTEE
Basing Rise, Calodyne, Grand Gaube,
Mauritius. Tel: (230) 288 1664, Fax : (230) 288
1772, Cell: (230) 253 2241
www.geoconsulmaurice.com
Submitted on
October 21, 2012
Revision Issued Issued Descriptions Prepared Reviewed &

No. date by by Approved by
0 October 21 GC Geotechnical Investigation Report SV CA

/ 2012 for Comment
October 21, 2012
Project Manager,
PAD & CO. Ltd.
Motorway M3, RicheTerre,
Terre Rouge, Mauritius
Dear Sir:
RE: Report Geotechnical Investigation for Proposed Wind

Turbine Project at Mare Aux Vacoas, Mauritius
GEOCONSUL LTEE has completed the authorized geotechnical investigation for the above
referenced project based on the agreed scope of work. The enclosed geotechnical report described in
details of the geotechnical investigation procedures, the findings & recommendations to be utilized in
the design and construction of the proposed wind turbine tower foundation based on our local
experience, corehole drilling, in-situ Standard Penetration Test Results and engineering properties of
subsurface conditions.
We appreciate this opportunity to be of service to you in preparing this geotechnical investigation

report. If there are any questions regarding the information contained in this report, or with respect to
any work performed to date, please do not hesitate to GEOCRUST LTD at
chandra.acharya@geocrust.com, CC: geocrustltd@yahoo.com.
Yours very truly,

GEOCONSUL LTEE
Robert Jean Luc

Managing Director
Enclosure: Geotechnical Investigation Report for above project
Distribution: Electronic pdf copy by email & Hard bound copies by mail/person
Geoconsul Ltée –Basing Rise, Calodyne, Grand Gaube, Mauritius.

Tel: (230) 288 1664, Fax : (230) 288 1772, Cell: (230) 253 2241
Website : www.geoconsulmaurice.com
CLIENT: PAD & CO. Ltd.
PREPARED BY: GEOCRUST LTD. - CONSULTING
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS & GEOSCIENTISTS
ON BEHALF OF GEOCONSUL LTEE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Descriptions Page
No.
1.0 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………................. 1
1.1 Scope and Purpose of this Investigation ….……………………………………….......... 1
1.2 Project Information…………………………. ……………………………………….............. 2
1.3 Project Site Location ………………………………………………………………................ 2
1.4 Desktop Study (Regional Geology of Study Site).……………………….……............... 2
2.0 SITE INVESTIGATION PROGRAM ….……………………………………………………….……… 3-4
2.1 Rotary Corehole Drilling……………………………......................................................... 3
2.2 In-situ Testings……………………………………….......................................................... 3
2.3 Laboratory Testing.…………………………..……………….............................................. 4
3.0 GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS ……………………………………………………………………. 4
4.0 SUBSURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF STRATA………………………………………………….. 5-6
5.0 GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND ENGINEERING RECOMMENDATIONS ……………………….. 7-12
6.0 CONCLUSIONS ………………. …..……………………………………………………………… 12-13
7.0 REFERENCES ……………………. …..…………………………………………………………. 13
8.0 CLOSURE….……………………………………………………………………………………… 14
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A Drawing – Figures: Location of project site, Landuse Map, Regional Geological
Map, Soil Map, and Layout Plan (Google Map) Showing Location of Boreholes
Appendix B Geotechnical Logs of Borehole and Photographs
I Geotechnical Investigation for Proposed Wind Turbine Project

(Table of Content) at Mare Aux Vacoas, Mauritius
PREPARED BY: GEOCRUST LTD - CONSULTING
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report presents the results of a geotechnical investigation conducted by GEOCONSUL LTEE
during September 27-29, 2012 for proposed wind turbine construction at Mare Aux Vacoas, Mauritius.
The consulting geotechnical engineering services of GEOCRUST LTD (Consulting Geotechnical
Engineers & Geoscientists) were retained by GEOCONSUL LTEE to carry out geotechnical
investigation field supervision and report preparation services for proposed turbine tower construction.
This factual report summarizes the results of the site investigations and in-situ testing carried out on
behalf of our client PAD & CO. LTD. This report is being written to provide guidelines for foundation
design.
The tests and terminologies used in this report are according to BS1377: 1990, BS 8004:1986 and
BS5930: 1999 plus A2 2010. The site investigation and recommendations generally follow accepted
practices for geotechnical engineering. The format and contents are guided by the client’s specific
needs as per agreed scope of work. Presented herein are the results of our findings (such as subsoil
conditions and groundwater condition from exploratory corehole drilling program at four different
locations, along with comments and recommendations are pertaining to guidelines for foundation
design aspects.
1.1 SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF THIS INVESTIGATION
The purpose of these services is to determine subsurface ground conditions and geotechnical
engineering recommendations based on scope of work relative to:
 Subsurface soil conditions to exploration depths;

 Subsurface water conditions to exploration depths;
 Foundation design and construction of turbine tower foundation; and
 Earthwork.
In order to accomplish these objectives, the following scopes of work have been included in
accordance with client’s project requirements:
 Exploratory Corehole Drilling at least 3m in sound rock at proposed turbine tower

locations;
 Geotechnical Logging of Subsurface Strata;
 In-situ test Standard Penetration test (where applicable);
 Engineering classification of soil/rock and engineering evaluation of soil/rock
properties;
 Evaluation of Bearing Capacity of Foundation and engineering recommendations; and
 Geotechnical Investigation Report Preparation.
Page 1 of 14 Geotechnical Investigation for Proposed Wind Turbine Project

1.2 PROJECT INFORMATION
The project details and proposed constructions were not provided during the geotechnical site
investigation. It is our understanding that the proposed construction of turbine tower construction will
comply with standard design and specifications. It is assumed that the wind turbine tower facilities will
be of pre-fabrication construction material (structural steel, metal panel etc.)
1.3 PROJECT SITE LOCATION
The project site is located at Mare Aux Vacoas, Mauritius. The general location of the site is presented
in Figure 1 (Appendix A): Vicinity Map and Figure 2 (Appendix A): Land use Map.
1.4 DESKTOP STUDY (REGIONAL GEOLOGY OF THE SITE)
The island of Mauritius is of volcanic origin and formed by several series of basaltic rock of volcanic
activities. Intermediate and more recent series of volcanic eruptions from several small emissions of
volcanic rock distributed over the whole island cover the ancient central volcanic plateau and the
deeply eroded valleys heading to the sea. Most of the island is now covered with the intermediate and
late flows which have in general a gentle dipping towards the sea from the interior of the island.
Isolated remnants of the initial ancient series occur in the highest peak of the island.
The lava flows consist of a sequence of massive basalt strata with vacuolar (vesicular) strata and
volcanic breccias on top. Volcanic tuff layers occurs in-between the lava flows. The prevailing rock is a
fine grained, dark to light grey, hard to very hard basalt often with intrusions of variable chemical
composition. The vacuolar strata have sometimes vesicles which are filled with calcite, zeolite or
aragonite.
Overburdens are in-situ residual soil or colluviums, i.e. transported hill wash of completely weathered
basaltic rock. Alluvial deposits which can be found rarely along some rivers are particular sand and
gravel of eroded and transported basalt fractures. Occasionally alluvial clayey soil is to be found in
some river valleys.
The project site under ground investigation belongs to recent to intermediate volcanic formation. The
geological map (Giorgi, Loicc-1999) presented in the Figure 3 (Appendix A), which shows location
of project site. The project site consists of Latosolic Brown Forest Soil & Humic Latsols (Published
Notes on the 1:100,000 soil map of Mauritius by parish et. al. 1965) is presented in Figure 4
(Appendix A).

2.0 SITE INVESTIGATION PROGRAM

The geotechnical investigation consisted of four exploratory rotary core hole drilling and In-situ test
(Standard Penetration Tests) at the proposed site. A general description of the present scope of work
carried out is presented in the following sections. The layout plan of exploratory rotary core holes in
conjunction with this investigation are also presented on Figure 5 (Aerial Google Digital Globe - Refer
to Appendix A). The field investigations performed is shown in the Table 1.
2.1 Rotary Corehole Drilling

The coreholes were drilled by using drilling rig APAFOR 450 at the project site. The coring in soil and
rocks were carried out using triple tube core barrel (HMLC-diameter of hole 114 mm) by rotary core
drilling method. All drilling in soils were followed by HX casing. The logging of rock cores with core
photographs were carried out by professional geotechnical engineer – engineering geologist in
accordance with “Geological Society Engineering Group Working Party Report on The Logging of
Rock Cores for Engineering Purposes” &“Code of Practice for Site Investigation: BS 5930:1999+A2
2010”. The detailed corehole logs are shown in Appendix B.
Table 1: Details of Field Investigation Performed
Location of Borehole Depth of Casing Depth In-Situ Test (SPT)

Drilling (m) (m)
Depth (m) N
BH-A 6 4.5 1.0-1.5 12
2.5-3.0 3
4.5 RF
BH-B 6 2.6 0.6 RF
2.6-3.1 18
BH-C 6 4.1 1.1-1.6 4
2.6-3.1 11
4.1-4.6 15
BH-D 6 1.0 1.0 RF
2.2 In-situ Standard Penetration Test in Coreholes
Standard penetration tests were carried out (in accordance with the requirements of BS1377: Part
9:1990) by driving a 50mm split spoon by means of a 63.5kg hammer falling a distance of 760mm.
The SPT blow count N is the number of blows required to drive the spoon by 300mm after initially
seating the spoon by 150mm.The SPT tests where the full penetration of 450mm could not achieved
after 51 blows are termed as REFUSAL (RF). The details of SPT data are included in the Appendix B
(Corehole Logs and core photographs) and Table 1.

2.3 Laboratory Testing

The laboratory soil/rock mechanics test for existing ground condition was not performed for foundation
analysis for this location due to project scope of work. But stringent engineering properties of soil and
soil are taken into consideration during foundation analysis. GEOCRUST was evaluated engineering
properties of soil based on professional experience of similar soil condition close to project site and in-
situ SPT data.
3.0 GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS
Groundwater affects many elements of the foundation design and construction, so that the ground
water level was generally extrapolated from end of corehole drilling. Groundwater observations are
presented on the corehole log in the Appendix B. It must be recognized that groundwater levels are
subject to seasonal and annual fluctuations depending on many factors such as precipitation, water
line break, surface drainage and hydrogeology of the area. A contingency amount should be included
in the construction budget to allow for the possibility of variations in groundwater conditions, which
may result in modification of the design, and/or changes in construction procedures. Therefore, the
actual groundwater levels recorded at this time of investigation may differ from those noted in the
Borehole Logs and Table 2 at the time of construction.
Table 2: Groundwater Conditions below existing ground surface (m)
Test Holes Core Hole Approximate Water Level (m)

Depth observed Below Existing Ground
(m) Level after end of drilling work
BH-A 6.00 0.93
BH-B 6.00 1.02
BH-C 6.00 Dry
BH-D 6.00 0.66

4.0 SUBSURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF STRATA
The detailed stratigraphy encountered in a borehole location of the subsoil is given on the attached
geotechnical borehole logs (Appendix B). These boundaries are intended to reflect transition zones
for the purposes of geotechnical design and should not be interpreted as exact planes of geological
change. A brief summary of the subsoil stratigraphy encountered in the borehole locations follows. For
ease of interpretation of exploratory test hole subsoil data, the subsoil of condition of each site has
been described below:
4.1 Ground Profile & Engineering Properties at BH-A

One borehole drilling at BH-A site was carried out at the project site to investigate the ground
condition. For the purpose of foundation design, the subsoil ground profile is presented on the basis
of the stringent case as follows:
0.0-0.40m: Top soil;
0.40-4.50m: Soft to firm Silty Gravel/Gravelly Silt (Residual soil) plus Completely weathered
very weak rock mixture, SPT (N-Value) varies from 3-Refusal;
4.50-6.00m: Moderately strong to strong with occasional thin weak layers BASALT,
moderately weathered with occasional highly weathered, RQD varies from 0-60%, estimated
unconfined compressive strength of 10-30Mpa.
4.2 Ground Profile & Engineering Properties at BH-B

One borehole drilling at BH-B site was carried out at the project site to investigate the ground
0.0-3.10m: Stiff to firm Silty Gravel/Gravelly Silt (Residual soil) with slight weathered basalt
rock (? Boulder) in matrix of silty gravel / gravelly silt, SPT (N-Value) varies from 18-Refusal;
3.10-6.00m: Strong with occasional thin weak layers BASALT, moderately weathered with
occasional highly weathered, RQD varies from 50-60%, estimated unconfined compressive
strength of 10-50Mpa.
4.3 Ground Profile & Engineering Properties at BH-C

One borehole drilling at BH-C site was carried out at the project site to investigate the ground
0.30-6.00m: Soft to stiff Silty Gravel/Gravelly Silt (Residual soil) plus Completely weathered
very weak rock mixture, SPT (N-Value) varies from 4-15;

4.4 Ground Profile & Engineering Properties at BH-D

One borehole drilling at BH-D site was carried out at the project site to investigate the ground
0.40-1.80m: Medium dense to dense Soft to firm Silty Gravel/Gravelly Silt (Residual soil) plus
moderately weathered moderately basalt rock mixture (? Boulder), SPT (N-Value) Refusal;
1.80-6.00m: Strong to moderately strong with occasional thin weak layers BASALT plus
AGGLOMERATE Mixture Rock, slightly to moderately weathered with occasional highly
weathered, RQD varies from 30-90%, estimated unconfined compressive strength of 10-
50Mpa.
In general, the basalt / agglomerate volcanic bed rock has been classified according to Rock
Quality Designation (RQD): RQD less than 50% belongs to weak rock category and RQD
greater than >50% belongs to strong rock category. The rock quality designation (RQD) is an
indirect measure of the number of fractures and the amount of jointing in the rock mass. The RQD is
expressed as a percentage of the ratio of summed core lengths (greater than 100 mm) to the total
cored. The RQD index is used to provide a classification for the rock quality according to the following
limits.

5.0 GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND ENGINEERING

RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 GENERAL
The following section of the report presents our interpretation of the factual information obtained from
the current geotechnical investigation and is intended only for the use of the design engineer.
Contractors bidding on or undertaking the work should make their own interpretation of the factual
results of the investigation as it affects their construction methods, equipment capabilities, costs, and
sequencing. Our professional services for this assignment address only the geotechnical aspects of
the subsurface conditions encountered at the site.
The following recommendations are based on the information available on the proposed structure,
observations made at the subject site, interpretation of the data obtained from the subsurface
investigations, and our experience with similar soils and subsurface conditions encountered at project
site. Since the exploratory corehole drilling represent very limited subsurface conditions, subsurface
conditions could vary substantially during construction from those indicated by corehole log. In such
instances, adjustments to the design and construction of the proposed structures might be necessary,
depending on the actual conditions encountered.
The site appears suitable for the proposed construction. Evaluation and recommendation presented
are based on the interpretation of the subsoil conditions present in the test hole advanced within the
subject site. Comments and recommendations regarding foundations and other issues related to the
geotechnical aspects of the project are presented in the following sections.
5.2 WIND TURBINE TOWER FOUNDATION DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

It is understood that in addition to vertical loads, the foundations will also be subjected to uplift and
lateral loads. The general subsurface soil condition of the site is presented in Section 4.0 and Corehole
Logs (Appendix B). The following design recommendations are based on the present subsurface
conditions encountered in the exploratory rotary corehole drilling location, empirical correlations for the
soil as well as rock types encountered, our analyses and experience in same type of subsurface
conditions.
Based on the results of the geotechnical investigation, the choice of foundation methods will be depend
on the column loads and whether excavation is required for the proposed development. The following
foundation options should be considered:
 Shallow footings (Mat foundation / Spread Footing);

 Micro piles; and
 Drilled cast-in-place concrete piles;

On basis of the engineering properties and sub-surface conditions, shallow (Mat foundation) as well as
deep foundation system would be appropriate for proposed structure. The foundation should be
buried / anchored into sound rock sufficiently to resist overturning forces. The minimum depth
at which a foundation should be placed depends on the soil profile, structural requirement, ground
water condition and so on. The design and construction of turbine tower foundation should
conform to applicable codes/standards. The following factors should generally be taken into
consideration in determining the depth of foundations.
 Depth of top soil, rubbish fills if any.

 Depth of poor surface deposit such as peat , muck, or sanitary land fill.
 Location of ground water table and its seasonal fluctuation
 Depth of poor or better underlying strata.
 Depth of adjacent footings if any.
If the subsoil near the ground surface consists of a heterogenous fill of uncertain properties or
compressible soil like peat, muck etc. then the foundation should preferably be taken below
the fill to a native dense undisturbed strata/dense undisturbed engineered fill
(compacted/consolidated earth)/strong rock.
The structure should be designed to resist stresses imposed by irregular displacements, the prediction
of differential settlement is often hazardous and it may be preferable to endeavor to reduce differential
settlement or to attain sensibly uniform settlement of all parts of the structure. The following methods
can be employed to reduce differential settlement.
1. Adjust of design load on foundation: not often practicable.

2. Adjustment of proportions or depths of individual foundations: generally effected by trial
and error;
3. Transfer of load to deeper, less compressible strata by piers or piles
4. Provision of rigid raft foundation: the raft must be sufficiently strong to resist stresses
imposed by non-uniform distribution of bearing stress.
5. Excavating highly compressible strata below design grade of foundation and replacing it
with well compacted granular materials or non-shrink concrete.
The geotechnical engineering recommendations and design parameters of the above foundation
systems are provided in the following sections. The following engineering soil properties (Table 3)
may be used to design foundation at the project site:
Table 3: Design Engineering Properties of Subsurface Material (Soil/Rock)

for Foundation Subgrade
Sub-soil Type Unit Internal Angle of Shear Unconfined
Weight Friction () Strength Compressive
(KN/m3) degree (kpa) Strength
(Mpa)
Gravelly Silt/Silty Gravel 18 0 25-150 50-300
Residual Soil
Moderately weathered 22 - - 5-50
Strong to moderately
weak Basalt Rock
(RQD=30-90%)

Other design considerations: The site conditions can exclude any risk of ground sliding. There are
no visible signs of slope instabilities in the vicinity of the site. It must be noted that the above should
be considered as a guideline and the required analysis should be carried out by design engineer.
Each foundation scheme should be considered during design stage from stability, feasibility,
economical and practical stand point. At present, the preference has not been given to any of the
foundation types, as a final selection of the foundation system should be determined in conjunction
with economic and structural design considerations. If soft ground with inadequate soil bearing
capacity condition/high water table condition is encountered during the excavation or from subsoil
investigation findings at study site, deep foundation will be preferable.
5.3 GUIDELINES FOR FOUNDATION DESIGN-BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT

5.3.1 MAT FOUNDATION
The mat foundation can be suitable for support of the proposed wind turbine foundation. If bearing
capacity of mat foundation is unsuitable for structural load, it is recommended that alternate foundation
system such as deep foundation system or shallow foundation system with ground improvement
method must be adopted.
It is recommended that the mat foundation must be located below the uncontrolled fill/disturbed loose
soil /disturbed weak rock if encountered during construction. The maximum allowable bearing
pressure may be used for the design of mat foundation footings within the native stiff to very stiff
undisturbed residual soil/ strata/ within dense undisturbed engineered fill
(compacted/consolidated earth)/dense bed rock. Loose or disturbed materials or loose boulder
must be removed or compacted from the footing excavation prior to placement of concrete. Hand
cleaning may be required to prepare an acceptable bearing surface. We recommend the mat
foundation be designed to act as a rigid structure.
It is recommended that the mat foundation should be placed at minimum 2.5m below grade in
approved foundation subgrade and with sufficient depth to withstand the over turning moment of the
wind turbine tower. For the mat to resist the overturning moment, the weight of the concrete and any
soil vertically above the foundation can be used.
It is important that all bearing surfaces of foundation must be inspected and approved by our
geotechnical engineer prior to pouring concrete to confirm soil conditions/origin of soil and
bearing pressures as anticipated in design. Any existing disturbed native soil/ low bearing soil
(loose/ soft)/ uncontrolled fill / loose to disturbed boulders should be removed, and replaced with lean
concrete (Non-shrink) or crushed clean granular or granular fill prior to pour concrete. If residual soil
has high swelling and shrinkage potential (high plasticity clay) so that foundation must be placed below
the zone of moisture content fluctuations strata.
The extreme caution should be taken during construction to ensure that all footings bear in engineered
fill or native undisturbed stiff low plasticity silty clay/gravelly silt. It is recommended that under no
conditions the footing should be placed on old fill since the consolidation characteristics can
not be predicted and unacceptable settlements of footings may result. Loose or disturbed
materials should be removed from the footing excavation prior to placement of concrete. Hand
cleaning may be required to prepare an acceptable bearing surface.
The foundation sub-grade excavation should be protected from the ingress of free water, resulting in
the softening of the soil. The footing must not be placed on fill, organic, disturbed soil. Bearing soil

that becomes loose, or softened must be removed and replaced with concrete, or the foundation sub-
grade should be extended to reach soil in an unaffected condition.
It should be noted that the recommended bearing capacities have been calculated by GEOCRUST
from the in-situ standard penetration test for the design stage only.
Alternatively, various methods can be used to improve the bearing capacity of soil below foundation
level (Raft foundation/Spread footing). If soft/loose/wet conditions/inadequate bearing capacity of
foundation soil encountered at footing elevation of the proposed structure, it is recommended
improving the bearing capacity of soil below foundation level (mat foundation/Spread footing). Sub-
excavation excavation should be required at least 1.0m below design footing sub-grade and filled
with 50mm size crushed washed rock (free from fine material) to design footing sub-grade. It is
anticipated that the shallow foundation system using present recommended method to achieve
bearing capacity would be slightly expensive in comparison to conventional footing on native soil with
inadequate bearing capacity.
5.3.2 BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT

On basis of findings of subsoil characteristics, conventional shallow mat foundation system or deep
foundation system (Micro piles) can be adopted for proposed wind turbine tower development. On the
basis of the idealized subsurface ground model, it is recommended to place foundations at a minimum
depth of 2.5m depth in the on native undisturbed stiff gravelly silt/silty gravel or highly to slightly
weathered rock. The top soil plus residual soil mix is underlain by bedrock of different weathering
grade at study site. The following bearing capacity was calculated based on available standard
penetration value of soil, strength of rock based our borehole logs and rock quality designation value
of bed rock data, ideal subsurface profile and estimated engineering parameters of each soil/rock
types.
Table 4: Calculation of Allowable Bearing Pressure / Factored Geotechnical

Resistance without ground improvement for shallow foundation system
Location of Depth (m) Geotechnical Resistance at Serviceability Limit

Borehole State: (SLS) / Allowable Bearing Pressure( kpa) with
Factor of Safety 3 with settlement tolerance 25mm
BH-A 1.5 120
2.5 30
4.5 800
BH-B 2.5 150
3.20 800
BH-C 1.0 40
2.6 100
4.1 150
BH-D 1.8 900
The above figures are conservatively based on a factor of safety 3 with usual settlement tolerances
(25mm). If residual soil encountered at foundation sub-grade has high swelling and shrinkage
potential (high plasticity materials) so that footing must be placed below the zone of high
moisture fluctuations strata. In our analysis, it is considered that the highly to moderately weathered
moderately strong to strong rock underlying the residual soil is relatively incompressible in comparison
to residual soil.

However, it is important to note that the allowable bearing pressure may be reduced by the presence
of weak layers, discontinuities, or where the rocks are weathered, decomposed, heavily shattered or
steeply dipping, subject to actual ground condition. Therefore, it is important that all bearing
surfaces must be inspected and approved by our geotechnical engineer prior to confirm soil
conditions/origin of soil and bearing pressures as anticipated in design.
5.4 EXCAVATIONS AND GROUNDWATER CONTROL

Normal excavation practice is applicable at this site, namely vertical cut for 1.2m and 45 degree side
slopes for deeper trench for stability purposes. Construction of foundation may require some
excavation into strong rock (such as boulder or bed rock) by means of powerful hydraulic
hammers. Temporary surcharge load such as stocks of material or heavy equipment should be kept
back from excavation faces a distance equal to at least one-half the excavation depth.
Groundwater condition was observed in the end of borehole drilling below existing ground level. In all
cases, the excavation must comply with the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations Act of the
Country. Adequate protection against sloughing of soils should be provided for worker and inspector
entering the excavation.
5.5 BACKFILL AND COMPACTION OF FILL

On site native soil would be suitable for use of footing backfill. Backfill must consist of low to medium
plastic inorganic imported soil. All engineered back fill placed adjacent to and above the wind turbine
tower foundation should be compacted to at least 98% of the SPMDD and is suitable moisture content
(±2% of Optimum Moisture Content). The compaction should be accomplished by placing the fill in
about 200mm loose lift and mechanically compacting each lift to at least the specified minimum dry
density. Field density tests should be performed on each lift as necessary to insure that adequate
moisture conditioning and compaction is being achieved. Compaction by flooding is not considered
acceptable. This method will generally not achieve the desired compaction and the large quantities of
water will tend to soften the foundation soil. As per standard practice, field review of backfill and
compaction fill inspection shall be required by the registered professional geotechnical engineer.
5.6 SURFACE DRAINAGE

As a primary drainage measure, surface grading of the proposed development should be provided in
order to drain away from the structure and prevent surficial erosion and infiltration into the foundation
soil. A minimum 5% slope should be provided for a distance of 3.0m (minimum) from the structure. In
general, water should not be allowed to accumulate next to the foundation. The upper 0.6m of the
backfill around the structure should consist of compacted non expansive clay should be placed to act
as seal against the ingress of surface runoff water.

5.7 INSPECTION AND MONITORING

Geotechnical aspects of foundation construction and/or installation, and fill placement should be
monitored by a registered geotechnical engineer’s representative. All geotechnical recommendations
presented in this report are based on the assumption that a qualified contractor shall be hired to carry
out the work. The adequate level of inspection shall be provided during construction in accordance with
standard practice requirements. Recommendations presented in this report may not be valid if an
adequate of inspection is not provided during construction, or if any relevant codes are no met. At least
the following activities should be monitored and certified by the geotechnical personnel:
 All surfaces to receive fill should be inspected prior to fill placement to verify that no pockets
loose/soft, or otherwise unsuitable material were left in place, and that the sub-grade is suitable
for structural fill placement.
 All fill placement operations should be monitored by this office. Field compaction control testing
should be performed regularly and in accordance with the applicable specification to be issued by
the geotechnical engineer.
 The shallow/deep foundation (pile) should be inspected by professional registered geotechnical
engineer for adequate design bearing surfaces material prior to concrete placement.
6.0 CONCLUSIONS
 An investigation consists of four exploratory rotary corehole drilling & in-situ test was
undertaken on the proposed site.
 For the purpose of foundation design, the subsoil ground profile is presented on the basis of
the stringent case as follows:
At BH-A Site
0.40-4.50m: Soft to firm Silty Gravel/Gravelly Silt (Residual soil) plus
Completely weathered very weak rock mixture, SPT (N-Value) varies from 3-
Refusal;
4.50-6.00m: Moderately strong to strong with occasional thin weak layers
BASALT, moderately weathered with occasional highly weathered, RQD varies
from 0-60%, estimated unconfined compressive strength of 10-30Mpa.
At BH-B Site
0.0-3.10m: Stiff to firm Silty Gravel/Gravelly Silt (Residual soil) with slight
weathered basalt rock (? Boulder) in matrix of silty gravel / gravelly silt, SPT (N-
Value) varies from 18-Refusal;
3.10-6.00m: Strong with occasional thin weak layers BASALT, moderately
weathered with occasional highly weathered, RQD varies from 50-60%,
estimated unconfined compressive strength of 10-50Mpa.
At BH-C Site
0.30-6.00m: Soft to stiff Silty Gravel/Gravelly Silt (Residual soil) plus
Completely weathered very weak rock mixture, SPT (N-Value) varies from 4-
15;
At BH-D Site
0.40-1.80m: Medium dense to dense Soft to firm Silty Gravel/Gravelly Silt
(Residual soil) plus moderately weathered moderately basalt rock mixture (?
Boulder), SPT (N-Value) Refusal;
1.80-6.00m: Strong to moderately strong with occasional thin weak layers

BASALT plus AGGLOMERATE Mixture Rock, slightly to moderately weathered

with occasional highly weathered, RQD varies from 30-90%, estimated
unconfined compressive strength of 10-50Mpa.
 On basis of findings of subsoil characteristics, conventional shallow (Mat)/Deep foundation

system foundation system can be adopted for proposed wind turbine structure.
 The maximum allowable bearing capacity as per Table 4 (Section 5.3.2) at various depths
may be used for the design of shallow footings within existing native undisturbed residual
soil/undisturbed rock.
 Groundwater was encountered to maximum exploration depth (Refer Table 2, Section 3).
 It is recommended that during foundation construction works, it is important that all bearing
surfaces must be inspected and approved by our geotechnical engineer prior to confirm
subsoil conditions/origin of soil/strength of rock and bearing pressures as anticipated in
design.
 Construction of foundation may or may not require some excavation in strong rock by means
of powerful hydraulic hammers.
 There are no visible signs of large scale slope instabilities observed in the vicinity of the
project site. It must be noted that the above should be considered as a guideline and the
required analysis should be carried out by design engineer.
7.0 REFERENCES
British Standard Institution (1999). Code of Practice for Site Investigation: BS 5930,
British Standard Institution, London.
British Standard Institution (1990). Methods of Test for Soil for Civil Engineering
Purposes: BS 1377, British Standard Institution, London.
British Standard Institution (1986). Code of Practice for Foundations: BS 8004, British
Standard Institution, London.
ISRM. Standard of Rock Characterisation Testing and Monitoring (E.T.BROWN).
Tomlinson, M.J. Foundation Design and Construction, sixth Edition
Bowles, Joseph, Foundation Design & Analysis, fifth Edition.
Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual (4 th Edition, 2006)
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology (1995). The Working Party Report the
description and classification of weathered rocks for engineering purposes Geological
Society Engineering Group, Vol. 28, P 207-242. Geological Society of London.
Giorgi, Loicc (1999). Carte Geologiue au 1:50000 Schema hydrogeologique, Mauritius.
Parish, D.H. (1965). Notes on the1:100000 Soil Map of Mauritius. Published by MSRI,
Mauritius.

8.0 CLOSURE
This report has been prepared for the exclusive use of PAD & CO. LTD. and their representatives for
specific application to the area described within this report. The material contained in this report
reflects our best judgment in the light of the information and subsoil engineering properties available at
the time of the report preparation. This report was prepared using standard care and skill in
accordance with generally accepted geotechnical engineering principles and practices.
We trust that this report is self explanatory. We appreciate the opportunity of providing this service for
you. If you have any questions concerning this report, please do not hesitate to contact this office.
Respectfully Submitted,
GEOCONSUL LTEE
Prepared by
Mr. Shiva Vancharla B.Eng, M.Tech
Geotechnical Engineer
GEOCRUST LTD.
Reviewed by
Chandra Acharya, M.ASc., M.Tech., CESA, P.Eng.
Senior Geotechnical Engineering Specialist
Registered Professional Engineer of Mauritius (ID. 1202)
Professional Engineer of Canada (ON, AB, BC, SK)
GEOCRUST LTD.
October 20, 2012
Enclosures: Appendix A to B

Appendix A
Figures-Drawing: Location of project site-Vicinity Map;

Land use Map;
Geological Map;
Soil Map of Project Site; and
Google Location Map with Boreholes at proposed
locations.
Geotechnical Investigation for proposed Wind Turbine project at Mare

Aux Vacoas, Mauritius
Location of
Present Study
Site
Scale: As Shown
CLIENT: PAD & CO LTD. Figure 1: Site Location Map of the Project Site,
Mauritius
PREPARED BY: GEOCRUST LTD-
CONSULTING GEOTECHNICAL
ENGINEERS FOR GEOCONSUL LTEE Project : Geotechnical Investigation for Proposed Wind Turbine
Project at Mare Aux Vacoas, Mauritius
Approximate Location of
Present Study Site for
future Wind Turbine
Project
CLIENT: PAD & CO LTD.

Project : Geotechnical Investigation for Proposed Figure 2 : Landuse Map of the Project
PREPARED BY: GEOCRUST LTD-CONSULTING Wind Turbine Project at Mare Aux Vacoas, Mauritius
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS FOR GEOCONSUL LTEE Site
Approximate Location of
Project Site - Recent
Volcanic & Intermediate
Formation
(Not to the scale – scanned from Carte

Geologiue au 1:50000 scheme
hydrogeologiue, Mauritius.Giorgi Loicc 1999)

Figure 3: Regional Geological map of Project Site
CONSULTING GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS
FOR GEOCONSUL LTEE
Project : Geotechnical Investigation for Proposed Wind

Location of Project Site-
Latosolic Brown Forest Soil
& Humic Latsols
Scale: As Shown

Figure 4 :Soil map of Project Site
(Source: 1:100000 Soil Map of Mauritius .MSRI Publication – Parish D. H & Feillafe S.M, 1965)
CONSULTING GEOTECHNICAL
ENGINEERS FOR GEOCONSUL LTEE
Project : Geotechnical Investigation for Proposed Wind
Location of Present Study
Site
Legend:
Approximate Location of Rotary
Corehole Drilling Site
CLIENT: PAD & CO LTD. Project : Geotechnical Investigation for Figure 5: Approximate Location of Rotary
PREPARED BY: GEOCRUST LTD-CONSULTING Proposed Wind Turbine Project at Mare Aux Corehole Drilling at Proposed Development Site-
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS FOR GEOCONSUL Vacoas, Mauritius Aerial view of the Project Site
LTEE
Appendix B
Legends, Terms and Symbols used in
accordance With BS5930 + A2 2010; and
Geotechnical Log of Boreholes and Core
Photographs.
Geotechnical Investigation for proposed Wind Turbine project at Mare

Aux Vacoas, Mauritius
LEGENDS FOR SYMBOLIC LOG
Silt xxx Basalt (Strong, VVV

xxx Slight Weathered) VVV
Clay --- Moderately Weak to vvv

--- moderately strong vvv
(MW-MS) , BASALT,
moderately to highly
weathered (MW-
HW),
Sand ……. Moderately weak to v++v

…….. moderately strong v++v
(MW-MS) BASALT
PLUS
PYROCLASTIC
material. moderately
to highly weathered
(MW-HW),
Gravel 000 Very Weak to weak v++v

0000 (VW-W), BASALT OOO
PLUS
AGGLOMERATE
mixture, completely
weathered (CW) to
residual grade
Silty Gravel X0x0

X0x0
Clayey Silt x-x-x

x-x-x
Top Soil Water Level
Uncontrolled Fill NI Non-Intact
SPT(N) Standard SPT(SC) Standard

Penetration Penetration
Test(SPLIT SPOON) Test(SOLID CONE)
Prepared By
CLIENT:PAD & CO LTD
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR PROPOSED WIND TURBINE

Geotechnical Drilling Consulting Geotechnical
PROJECT AT MARE AUX VACOAS, MAURITIUS
Contractor Engineers & Geoscientists
COREHOLE LOGGING: BH-A

Logged By & Reviewed By: SV& CA Collar Coordinates: Not Available
Date of Logged: September 28, 2012 Collar Elevation (m): -Not Available Sheet: 1 OF 2
Date of Photograph: September 27, 2012 Drilling Rig: APAFOR 450 Drilled By: FO
Location: Mare Aux Vacoas Drilling Started: September 27, 2012 Dia. Of Hole: 114mm
Drilling Method: Rotary Core using HMLC Drilling Completed: September 27, 2012 Depth: 6.00m
Fracture Frequency per m

Solid Core Recovery SCR
Total Core Recovery TCR
Standpipe Piezometer(if
Rock Quality Designation
Drilling Run & Fluid used
Downhole Drilling Depth
(SPT/Permeability Test)
Samples for Laboratory

Penetration Time (min)
Change of Strata (m)
Elevation (m) from

Progress Depth (m)
Gound Level (GL)

from Existing GL
Casing Size and
Symbolic Log
In-situ Test
(R.Q.D %)
for drilling
Per Run
STRATA DESCRIPTIONS
any)
Test
(m)
(%)
(%)
(Soil / Rock)
0.0 EXISTING GROUND LEVEL 0.0

0.1 0.1 x.o.o.x
0.2 0.00 - 0.40m 0.2 x.o.o.x
0.3 Medium dense, brownish SILTY GRAVEL, occasional 0.3 x.o.o.x
0.4 cobble with plant roots (TOP SOIL). 0.4 x.o.o.x
0.5 0.5 x.o.o.x
0.6 0.6 x.-.-.x
0.7 0.7 x.-.-.x
0.8 0.8 x.o.o.x
0.9 0.40 - 4.50m 0.9 x.-.-.x
1.0 D 60 0 0 NA Stiff to soft, dark orangish brown to yellowish brown 1.0 x.-.-.x
1.1 N colour, SILTY GRAVEL/GRAVELLY SILT (RESIDUAL 1.1 x.o.o.x
1.2 SOIL) with some to trace of clay cobbles from basalt to 1.2 x.-.-.x
1.3 SPT-1 Completely weathered rock mixture. 1.3 x.-.-.x
1.4 1.4 x.o.o.x
1.5 12 1.5 x.-.-.x
1.6 1.6 x.-.-.x
1.7 1.7 x.o.o.x
1.8 1.8 x.-.-.x
1.9 1.9 x.-.-.x
2.0 NA 2.0 x.o.o.x
2.1 2.1 x.-.-.x
2.2 2.2 x.-.-.x
2.3 2.3 x.o.o.x
2.4 2.4 x.-.-.x
2.5 D 80 0 0 2.5 x.-.-.x
2.6 N 2.6 x.o.o.x
2.7 2.7 x.-.-.x
2.8 SPT-2 2.8 x.-.-.x
2.9 2.9 x.o.o.x
3.0 D 3 NA 3.0 x.-.-.x
3.1 3.1 x.-.-.x
3.2 3.2 x.o.o.x
3.3 3.3 x.-.-.x
3.4 3.4 x.-.-.x
3.5 3.5 x.o.o.x
3.6 3.6 x.-.-.x
3.7 3.7 x.-.-.x
3.8 3.8 x.o.o.x
3.9 3.9 x.-.-.x
4.0 D 90 0 0 NA 4.0 x.-.-.x
4.1 4.1 x.o.o.x
4.2 4.2 x.-.-.x
4.3 4.3 x.-.-.x
4.4 4.4 x.o.o.x
4.5 D 80 0 0 4.5 x.-.-.x
4.6 SPT-3 RF 4.6 vvv
4.7 4.50 - 6.00m 4.7 vvv
4.8
Strong to moderately strong (S) with occasional weak 4.8 vvv
4.9 4.9 vvv
5.0 NA layer, light grey to light purple with discolourations, fine 5.0 vvv
5.1 grained, highly vesicular to non-vesicular BASALT ROCK, 5.1 vvv
5.2 moderately weathered with occasional highly weathered 5.2 vvv
5.3 layers (SW-MW), 2 sets of joint sets dipping @ 0-45 degree 5.3 vvv
5.4 & 60-90 degree, very close to medium wide joint spacing, 5.4 vvv
5.5
joint surface rough to smooth with occassional yellow
5.5 vvv
5.6 5.6 vvv
5.7 stained. 5.7 vvv
5.8 5.8 vvv
5.9 5.9 vvv
6.0 W 100 90 60 4 6.0 vvv
End of Corehole BH-A @ 6m.
(Continued in Next Page) BH-A

Sheet: 1 / 2
Prepared By
CLIENT: PAD & CO LTD

COREHOLE LOGGING: BH-A
Casing Size and Progress


Elevation (m) from

Gound Level (GL)
from Existing GL
Symbolic Log
In-situ Test
(R.Q.D %)
Depth (m)
for drilling
Per Run
STRATA DESCRIPTIONS
any)
Test
(m)
(%)
(%)
(Soil / Rock)
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS PAGE
Date Depth (m) Casing (m) Water Level (m) Remarks

27-Sep-12 6 4.50 0.93 END OF COREHOLE
Notes 7. No Piezometer Installed.

1. D stands for dry coring 8. NI: NON INTACT
2. W stands for water used a drilling media
3. N/A : Not applicable
4. Open hole drilling:0.50-6.00m (No casing) &
Casing=0.00-0.50 m (HX Casing).
5. RF=Refusal, SPT blow count, when full
penetration of 450mm is not achieved.
6. N-SPT blow count to achieve penetration of
300mm.
BH-A
Sheet: 2 / 2
PREPARED BY: GEOCRUST LTD – CONSULTING
COREHOLE (BH-A)
Depth : 0.00 – 6.00m
END OF COREHOLE BH-A AT 6.00 M
Geotechnical Investigation for proposed Wind Turbine project at Mare Aux COREPHOTOGRAPHS
Vacoas, Mauritius BH-A/ Page 1 of 1
Prepared By
CLIENT:PAD & CO LTD

COREHOLE LOGGING: BH-B

Date of Logged: September 28, 2012 Collar Elevation (m): Not Available Sheet: 1 OF 2

Elevation (m) from Gound



Progress Depth (m)
from Existing GL
Casing Size and
Symbolic Log
In-situ Test
(R.Q.D %)
Level (GL)
for drilling
Per Run
STRATA DESCRIPTIONS
any)
Test
(m)
(%)
(%)
(Soil / Rock)

0.1 0.1 x.o.o.x
0.2 0.2 x.o.o.x
0.3 0.0 - 3.10m 0.3 x.o.o.x
0.4 Stiff to firm, yellowish to orangish brown colour, SILTY 0.4 x.o.o.x
0.5 0.5 x.o.o.x
GRAVEL (RESIDUAL SOIL) with some to trace of clay
0.6 D 50 0 0 0.6 x.o.o.x
0.7 SPT-1 RF
cobbles from basalt to slight weathered basalt rock (? 0.7 vvv
0.8 boulder) in the matrix of stiff to firm silty gravel/gravelly 0.8 vvv
0.9 silt. 0.9 vvv
1.0 NA 1.0 vvv
1.1 1.1 vvv
1.2 1.2 vvv
1.3 1.3 vvv
1.4 1.4 vvv
1.5 1.5 vvv
1.6 1.6 vvv
1.7 1.7 vvv
1.8 1.8 vvv
1.9 1.9 vvv
2.0 W 100 100 75 NA 2.0 vvv
2.1 2.1 x.o.o.x
2.2 2.2 x.o.o.x
2.3 2.3 x.o.o.x
2.4 2.4 x.o.o.x
2.5 2.5 x.o.o.x
2.6 W 50 30 0 2.6 x.o.o.x
2.7 2.7 x.o.o.x
2.8 2.8 x.o.o.x
2.9 SPT-2 18 2.9 x.o.o.x
3.0 NA 3.0 x.o.o.x
3.1 3.1 x.o.o.x
3.2 3.2 vvv
3.3 3.10 - 6.00m 3.3 vvv
3.4 Strong (S) with occasional weak layer, light grey to light 3.4 vvv
3.5
purple with discolourations, fine grained, highly vesicular
3.5 vvv
3.6 3.6 vvv
3.7 to non-vesicular BASALT ROCK, moderately weathered 3.7 vvv
3.8 with occasional highly weathered layers (MW), 2 sets of 3.8 vvv
3.9 joint sets dipping @ 0-45 degree & 60-90 degree, close to 3.9 vvv
4.0 NA wide joint spacing, joint surface rough to smooth with 4.0 vvv
4.1
occassional yellow stained. 4.1 vvv
4.2 4.2 vvv
4.3 4.3 vvv
4.4 4.4 vvv
4.5 4.5 vvv
4.6 4.6 vvv
4.7 W 100 100 50 4.7 vvv
4.8 4.8 vvv
4.9 4.9 vvv
5.0 6 5.0 vvv
5.1 5.1 vvv
5.2 5.2 vvv
5.3 5.3 vvv
5.4 5.4 vvv
5.5 5.5 vvv
5.6 5.6 vvv
5.7 5.7 vvv
5.8 5.8 vvv
5.9 5.9 vvv
6.0 W 100 100 60 4 6.0 vvv
End of Corehole BH-B @ 6m.
(Continued in Next Page) BH-B

Sheet: 1 / 2
Prepared By

COREHOLE LOGGING: BH-B


Elevation (m) from

Gound Level (GL)
from Existing GL
Symbolic Log
In-situ Test
(R.Q.D %)
Depth (m)
for drilling
Per Run
STRATA DESCRIPTIONS
any)
Test
(m)
(%)
(%)
(Soil / Rock)


300mm.
BH-B
Sheet: 2 / 2
COREHOLE (BH-B)
Depth : 0.00 – 6.00m
END OF COREHOLE BH-B AT 6.00 M
Vacoas, Mauritius BH-B/ Page 1 of 1
Prepared By
CLIENT:PAD & CO LTD

COREHOLE LOGGING: BH-C

Date of Logged: September 29, 2012 Collar Elevation (m): Not Available Sheet: 1 OF 2

Elevation (m) from Gound



Progress Depth (m)
from Existing GL
Casing Size and
Symbolic Log
In-situ Test
(R.Q.D %)
Level (GL)
for drilling
Per Run
STRATA DESCRIPTIONS
any)
Test
(m)
(%)
(%)
(Soil / Rock)

0.1 0.1 x.o.o.x
0.2 0.2 x.o.o.x
0.00 - 0.30m
0.3 0.3 x.o.o.x
0.4
Medium dense, brownish SILTY GRAVEL, occasional 0.4 x.o.o.x
0.5 cobble with plant roots (TOP SOIL). 0.5 x.-.-.x
0.6 0.6 x.o.o.x
0.7 0.7 x.-.-.x
0.8 0.8 x.-.-.x
0.9 0.9 x.o.o.x
1.0 NA 1.0 x.-.-.x
0.30 - 6.00m
1.1 D 50 0 0 1.1 x.-.-.x
1.2 N
Soft to stiff, dark orangish brown to yellowish brown 1.2 x.o.o.x
1.3 colour, SILTY GRAVEL/GRAVELLY SILT (RESIDUAL 1.3 x.-.-.x
1.4 SPT-1 SOIL) with some to trace of clay cobbles from basalt to 1.4 x.-.-.x
1.5 Completely weathered rock mixture. 1.5 x.o.o.x
1.6 4 1.6 x.-.-.x
1.7 1.7 x.-.-.x
1.8 1.8 x.o.o.x
1.9 1.9 x.-.-.x
2.0 NA 2.0 x.-.-.x
2.1 2.1 x.o.o.x
2.2 2.2 x.-.-.x
2.3 2.3 x.-.-.x
2.4 2.4 x.o.o.x
2.5 2.5 x.-.-.x
2.6 D 80 0 0 2.6 x.-.-.x
2.7 N 2.7 x.o.o.x
2.8 2.8 x.-.-.x
2.9 SPT-2 2.9 x.-.-.x
3.0 NA 3.0 x.o.o.x
3.1 11 3.1 x.-.-.x
3.2 3.2 x.-.-.x
3.3 3.3 x.o.o.x
3.4 3.4 x.-.-.x
3.5 3.5 x.-.-.x
3.6 3.6 x.o.o.x
3.7 3.7 x.-.-.x
3.8 3.8 x.-.-.x
3.9 3.9 x.o.o.x
4.0 NA 4.0 x.-.-.x
4.1 D 90 0 0 4.1 x.-.-.x
4.2 N 4.2 x.o.o.x
4.3 4.3 x.-.-.x
4.4 SPT-3 4.4 x.-.-.x
4.5 4.5 x.o.o.x
4.6 15 4.6 x.-.-.x
4.7 4.7 x.-.-.x
4.8 4.8 x.o.o.x
4.9 4.9 x.-.-.x
5.0 NA 5.0 x.-.-.x
5.1 5.1 x.o.o.x
5.2 5.2 x.-.-.x
5.3 5.3 x.-.-.x
5.4 5.4 x.o.o.x
5.5 5.5 x.-.-.x
5.6 5.6 x.-.-.x
5.7 5.7 x.o.o.x
5.8 5.8 x.-.-.x
5.9 5.9 x.-.-.x
6.0 D 80 0 0 NA 6.0 x.o.o.x
End of Corehole BH-C @ 6m.
(Continued in Next Page) BH-C

Sheet: 1 / 2
Prepared By

COREHOLE LOGGING: BH-C


Elevation (m) from

Gound Level (GL)
from Existing GL
Symbolic Log
In-situ Test
(R.Q.D %)
Depth (m)
for drilling
Per Run
STRATA DESCRIPTIONS
any)
Test
(m)
(%)
(%)
(Soil / Rock)

28-Sep-12 6 4.10 Dry END OF COREHOLE

300mm.
BH-C
Sheet: 2 / 2
COREHOLE (BH-C)
Depth : 0.00 – 6.00m
END OF COREHOLE BH-C AT 6.00 M
Vacoas, Mauritius BH-C/ Page 1 of 1
Prepared By
CLIENT:PAD & CO LTD

COREHOLE LOGGING: BH-D

Date of Logged: September 29, 2012 Collar Elevation (m):Not Available Sheet: 1 OF 2


Elevation (m) from

Progress Depth (m)
Gound Level (GL)

from Existing GL
Casing Size and
Symbolic Log
In-situ Test
(R.Q.D %)
for drilling
Per Run
STRATA DESCRIPTIONS
any)
Test
(m)
(%)
(%)
(Soil / Rock)

0.1 0.1 x.o.o.x
0.2 0.00 - 0.40m 0.2 x.o.o.x
0.3 0.3 x.o.o.x
0.4
Loose to medium dense, brownish SILTY GRAVEL, 0.4 x.o.o.x
0.5 occasional cobble with plant roots (TOP SOIL). 0.5 x.o.o.x
0.6 0.6 x.o.o.x
0.7 0.7 x.o.o.x
0.8 0.40 - 1.80m 0.8 x.o.o.x
0.9 0.9 x.o.o.x
1.0 D 60 0 0 NA
Medium dense to dense, brown to purple colour, SILTY 1.0 x.o.o.x
1.1 SPT-1 RF GRAVEL (RESIDUAL SOIL) with some cobbles from 1.1 vvv
1.2 basalt plus moderately to highly weathered basalt rock (? 1.2 vvv
1.3 boulder) in the matrix of stiff to firm silty gravel/gravelly 1.3 vvv
1.4 silt. 1.4 vvv
1.5 1.5 vvv
1.6 1.6 vvv
1.7 1.7 vvv
1.8 1.8 vvv
1.9 1.9 vvv
2.0 W 100 100 40 7 2.0 v+v
2.1 1.80 - 6.00m 2.1 vvv
2.2 Strong to moderately stromg (S) with occasional weak 2.2 v+v
2.3 layer, light grey to light purple with discolourations, fine 2.3 v+v
2.4
grained, rarely vesicular to non-vesicular BASALT PLUS 2.4 vvv
2.5 2.5 v+v
2.6 AGGLOMERATE ROCK, slightly to moderately 2.6 v+v
2.7 weathered with occasional highly weathered layers 2.7 vvv
2.8 (MW), 2 sets of joint sets dipping @ 0-45 degree & 60-90 2.8 v+v
2.9 degree, close to wide joint spacing, joint surface rough to 2.9 v+v
3.0 W 100 100 90 3
smooth with occassional yellow stained. 3.0 vvv
3.1 3.1 v+v
3.2 3.2 v+v
3.3 3.3 vvv
3.4 3.4 v+v
3.5 3.5 v+v
3.6 3.6 vvv
3.7 3.7 v+v
3.8 3.8 v+v
3.9 3.9 vvv
4.0 W 100 100 90 3 4.0 v+v
4.1 4.1 v+v
4.2 4.2 vvv
4.3 4.3 v+v
4.4 4.4 v+v
4.5 4.5 vvv
4.6 4.6 v+v
4.7 4.7 v+v
4.8 4.8 vvv
4.9 4.9 v+v
5.0 W 100 100 30 >9 5.0 v+v
5.1 5.1 vvv
5.2 5.2 v+v
5.3 5.3 v+v
5.4 5.4 vvv
5.5 5.5 v+v
5.6 5.6 v+v
5.7 5.7 vvv
5.8 5.8 v+v
5.9 5.9 v+v
6.0 W 100 100 30 5 6.0 vvv
End of Corehole BH-D@ 6m.
(Continued in Next Page) BH-D

Sheet: 1 / 2
Prepared By

COREHOLE LOGGING: BH-D


Elevation (m) from

Gound Level (GL)
from Existing GL
Symbolic Log
In-situ Test
(R.Q.D %)
Depth (m)
for drilling
Per Run
STRATA DESCRIPTIONS
any)
Test
(m)
(%)
(%)
(Soil / Rock)


300mm.
BH-D
Sheet: 2 / 2
COREHOLE (BH-D)
Depth : 0.00 – 6.00m
END OF COREHOLE BH-D AT 6.00 M
Vacoas, Mauritius BH-D/ Page 1 of 1

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ANNEX 5

Consulting Geotechnical Engineers & Geoscientists

Revision Issued Issued Descriptions Prepared Reviewed &

0 October 21 GC Geotechnical Investigation Report SV CA

RE: Report Geotechnical Investigation for Proposed Wind

We appreciate this opportunity to be of service to you in preparing this geotechnical investigation

Yours very truly,

Robert Jean Luc

Enclosure: Geotechnical Investigation Report for above project

Geoconsul Ltée –Basing Rise, Calodyne, Grand Gaube, Mauritius.

Appendix B Geotechnical Logs of Borehole and Photographs

I Geotechnical Investigation for Proposed Wind Turbine Project

1.1 SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF THIS INVESTIGATION

 Subsurface soil conditions to exploration depths;

 Exploratory Corehole Drilling at least 3m in sound rock at proposed turbine tower

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1.2 PROJECT INFORMATION

1.3 PROJECT SITE LOCATION

1.4 DESKTOP STUDY (REGIONAL GEOLOGY OF THE SITE)

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2.0 SITE INVESTIGATION PROGRAM

2.1 Rotary Corehole Drilling

Table 1: Details of Field Investigation Performed

Location of Borehole Depth of Casing Depth In-Situ Test (SPT)

2.2 In-situ Standard Penetration Test in Coreholes

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2.3 Laboratory Testing

3.0 GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS

Table 2: Groundwater Conditions below existing ground surface (m)

Test Holes Core Hole Approximate Water Level (m)

BH-B 6.00 1.02

BH-C 6.00 Dry

BH-D 6.00 0.66

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4.0 SUBSURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF STRATA

4.1 Ground Profile & Engineering Properties at BH-A

0.0-0.40m: Top soil;

4.2 Ground Profile & Engineering Properties at BH-B

4.3 Ground Profile & Engineering Properties at BH-C

0.0-0.30m: Top soil;

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4.4 Ground Profile & Engineering Properties at BH-D

0.0-0.40m: Top soil;

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5.0 GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND ENGINEERING

5.2 WIND TURBINE TOWER FOUNDATION DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

 Shallow footings (Mat foundation / Spread Footing);

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 Depth of top soil, rubbish fills if any.

1. Adjust of design load on foundation: not often practicable.

Table 3: Design Engineering Properties of Subsurface Material (Soil/Rock)

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5.3 GUIDELINES FOR FOUNDATION DESIGN-BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT

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5.3.2 BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT

Table 4: Calculation of Allowable Bearing Pressure / Factored Geotechnical

Location of Depth (m) Geotechnical Resistance at Serviceability Limit

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5.4 EXCAVATIONS AND GROUNDWATER CONTROL

5.5 BACKFILL AND COMPACTION OF FILL

5.6 SURFACE DRAINAGE

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5.7 INSPECTION AND MONITORING

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