The EU internal market (or single market, formerly the common market) seeks to

guarantee the free movement of goods, capital, services and people within the 28
member states.

It was the goal to give Europe a new boost, to have integration stepping forward, and to have
free movement of goods, capital, services and human beings. You cannot build a common
Europe without having a common market. On these four fundamental freedoms, the six
founding Member States decided to build a real European Economic Community. The first
notable advance was on 1 July 1968. The customs duties on goods circulating between
Member States were completely removed. But we had to wait until 1985 for the leaders to
decide to come back to the realisation of this single market. Wilfried Martens was the Belgian
Prime Minister at the time and took part in the discussions.

. The single market was a response to a long-standing crisis after the oil crisis which caused a
lot of inflation with rising prices and which therefore created unemployment. A common
response was presented in 1985 by the European Commission under Jacques Delors. The
Community decided to complete the construction of the great internal market in stages. It was
to be finalised at the start of 1993. This ambitious goal and date were written into the Single
European Act signed in February 1986. A whole series of internal barriers and borders within
the European Community were gradually removed.

In 1992 in Maastricht, the 12 Member States at the time went further than the Community's
initial economic goal. After another crisis and following the fall of the Berlin Wall, monetary
union was planned. The euro would come into use 10 years later. To counter the opposition
from Britain's Margaret Thatcher, a proposal was made to Jacques Delors, Wilfried Martens
recalls, to set up a system which is today called 'opting out'. So they could say that they
accepted the principle, but 'opting out' meant they wouldn't enter the system. He said, 'It's
possible.'

. The common market made way for the European Single Market, generating over 2.5 million
extra jobs and offering a market that covers nearly half a billion consumers.

"The belonging to a large group, a community, is marked by the ability to circulate or

exchange freely. Jacques DELORS, EC President, 14/01/1985
Customs formalities on goods, reduced on 1 January 1988, were eliminated on 1 January 1993.

Liberalisation of the services sector was considerably delayed, even though it played a more significant role in
the economy than industry and agriculture.

Since 1993, banks had enjoyed freedom of establishment; since 1992, insurance companies had enjoyed
freedom to provide services.
 The challenging process of liberalising the transport sector was implemented gradually: maritime transport in
1986, air transport in 1987 and road transport in 1992. The creation of a European railway market was difficult
because of disparities between national networks, but headway was made in opening up to private operators.

In 1997, the Commission adopted the concept of ‘universal service’, which enabled the liberalisation of public
services to be restricted to take account of the needs of all users.

From 1 January 1998, the telecommunications market was fully liberalised.

At the European Council held on 10 and 11 December 1993, Jacques Delors, President of the Commission,
had approved by the Council a White Paper on ‘Growth, competitiveness and employment’, which sought to
increase cooperation in research and development, develop transport and telecommunications networks,
create a common IT area and adopt a new development model which took into account the environment and
qualitative requirements and take measures to improve the labour market.

The EU digital single market aims to reduce barriers and offer more opportunities
to do business across EU borders in a legal, safe, secure and affordable way.

Only 7% of small and medium-sized businesses in the EU sell cross-border. This

can change by putting the single market online.

The aim of the Juncker Commission is to create a digital single market where the free movement
of goods, persons, services, capital and data is guaranteed — and where citizens and businesses
can seamlessly and fairly access online goods and services, whatever their nationality, and
wherever they live.

 Boosting e-commerce in the EU by tackling geoblocking, making cross-

border parcel delivery more affordable and efficient
 Modernising the EU copyright rules to fit the digital age

Ensuring everyone in the EU has the best possible internet connection

through "connectivity for a European gigabit society"

Helping large and small companies, researchers, citizens and public authorities make the
most of new technologies by ensuring that everyone has the necessary digital skills, and
by funding EU research in health and high performance computing
Instrumentos de Política Comercial La segunda entrega constituye el desarrollo de las políticas
comerciales que se generan en el intercambio del bien o servicio escogido. En esta etapa de la
investigación se deben analizar, con base en las ventajas y desventajas del comercio (primera
entrega), las estrategias de protección arancelaria o no arancelaria que rodean el intercambio. Si
se está suscrito a algún Tratado de Libre Comercio, o acuerdo bilateral, se deben describir las
condiciones de esos acuerdos en términos de la política comercial. Esta descripción permitirá
establecer las hipótesis que se contrastarán en la discusión de los resultados.