Inner and Outer Planets

By: Joie Margaret C. Illescas

Grade 7-E
Planet

• Is an astronomical body
orbiting a star or stellar
remnant that:

A. Is massive enough to be
rounded by it’s own gravity,

B. Is not massive enough to

cause thermonuclear fusion,
and

C. Has cleared it’s neighbouring

reign of planetesimals.
Outer and Inner Planets

Inner Planets
 Inner Planet

• The four inner planets are called terrestrial planets because their
surfaces are solid (and as, the name implies, somewhat similar to Earth
- although the term can be misleading because each of the four has
vastly different environments). They’re made up mostly of heavy metals
such as iron and nickel, and have either no moons or few moons.
Mercury

• Is the smallest and innermost

planet in the Solar System. It’s
orbital period around the Sun of
88 days is the shortest of all the
planets in the Solar System. It
is named after the Roman deity
Mercury, the messenger to the
gods. This planet has no moons,
but has a tenuous atmosphere
(exosphere) containing oxygen,
sodium, hydrogen, helium and
potassium.
Mercury

• Size: 3,030 miles (4,878 km)

• Distance from the Sun: 57.91

million km

• Moons: None

• Surface Temperature: -173 To

427°C

• First Record: 14th century BC

• Recorded by: Assyrian

astronomers
Venus

• Is the second planet from the

Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth
days. It has the longest orbiting
rotation period of any planet in
the Solar System and rotates in
the opposite direction to most
other planets. It has no natural
satellites. It is also the hottest
planet and the second brightest
object in the night sky after the
Moon. Named after the Roman
goddess of love and beauty.
Venus

• Size: 6,052 km

• Distance from Sun: 108.2

million km

• Moons: None

• Surface Temperature: 462 °C

• First Record: 17th century

BC

• Recorded by: Babylonian

astronomers
Earth

• Earth is the third planet from the

Sun, the only object in the Universe
known to harbor life and the largest
of the terrestrial planets. According
to radiometric dating and other
sources of evidence, Earth formed
over 4 billion years ago. It is the
only planet in our Solar System not
to be named after a Greek or Roman
deity. It was formed approximately
4.53 billion years ago and is the
only planet to support life.
Earth

• Size: 6, 371 km
• Distance from Sun: 149.6
million km

• Polar Diameter: 12, 714 km

• Mass: 5.97 x 10^24 kg
• Moons: 1 (The Moon)
• Surface Temperature: -88 To
58°C
Mars
• Mars is the fourth planet from the
Sun and the second-smallest
planet in the Solar System after
Mercury. named after the Roman
god or war, It is also often
described as the “Red Planet” due
to its reddish appearance. It’s a
terrestrial planet with a thin
atmosphere, having surface
features reminiscent both of the
impact craters of the Moon and
the valleys, deserts, and the polar
ice caps of Earth.
Mars
• Size: 3,390 km

• Distance from Sun: 227.9 million km

• Polar Diameter: 6,752 km

• Mass: 6.42 x 10^23kg (10.7% Earth)

• Moons: 2 (Phobos & Deimos)

• Orbit Distance: 227,943,824 km (1.52

AU)

• Surface Temperature: -153 To 20

• First Recorded: 2nd millennium BC

• Recorded by: Egyptian astronomers

Outer Planet

• The outer planets

(sometimes called Jovian
planets or gas giants) are
huge planets swaddled in
gas. They all have rings and
have plenty of moons as
well. Despite their size, only
Jupiter and Uranus are
visible without telescopes.
Jupiter

• Jupiter is the fifth planet

from the Sun and the
largest in the Solar
System. It is a giant planet
with a mass one
thousandth that of the
Sun, but two-and-a-half
times that of all the other
planets in the Solar
System combined.
Jupiter
• Size: 69,991 km

• Distance from Sun: 778.5 million km

• Polar Diameter: 133,709 km

• Mass: 1.90 x 10^27 kg (318 Earths)

• Moons: 67 (lo, Europa, Ganymede &

Callisto)

• Rings: 4

• Effective Temperature: -148 °C

• First Record: 7th or 8th century BC

• Recorded By: Babylonian astronomers

Saturn

• Is the sixth planet from the

Sun, the second-largest in
the Solar System, after
Jupiter and the most distant
that can be seen with the
naked eye. It is a gas giant
with an average radius
about nine times that of
Earth.
Saturn
• Size: 58,232 km

• Distance from Sun: 1.429 billion km

• Polar Diameter: 108,728 km

• Mass: 5.68 x 10^26 kg (95 Earths)

• Moons: 62 (Titan, Enceladus, lapetus &

Rhea)

• Rings: 30+ (7 Groups)

• Effective Temperature: -178°C

• First Record: 8th century BC

• Recorded by: Assyrians

Uranus

• Is the seventh planet from the Sun.

It has the third-largest planetary
radius and fourth-largest planetary
mass in the Solar System. While
being visible to the naked eye, it
was not recognized as a planet due
to its dimness and slow
orbit. Uranus became the first
planet discovered with the use of a
telescope. Uranus is tipped over on
its side with an axial tilt of 98
degrees. It is often described as
“rolling around the Sun on its side.”
Uranus
• Size: 15,882 miles (25,362 km)
• Distance from Sun: 2.871 billion km
• Polar Diameter: 49, 946 km
• Mass: 8.68 x 10^25kg (15 Earths)
• Moons: 27 (Miranda, Titania, Ariel, Umbriel & Obereon)
• Rings: 13
• Orbit Distance: 2,870,658,186km (19.19 AU)
• Orbit Period: 30, 687 days (84 years)
• Effective Temperature: -216°C
• Discovery Date: March 13, 1781
• Discovered by: William Herschel
Neptune
• Is the eighth and farthest
known planet from the Sun in
the Solar System. In the Solar
System, it is the fourth-
largest planet by diameter,
the third-most massive
planet, and the densest giant
planet. Neptune orbits the Sun
once every 164.8 years. It is
the Roman god of the Sea. It
also has planetary ring
system.
Neptune
• Size: 25, 362km

• Distance from Sun: 4.498 billion km

• Polar Diameter: 48,682 km

• Mass: 1.02 x 10^26 kg (17 Earths)

• Moons: 14 (Triton)

• Rings: 5

• Effective Temperature: Size: -214°C

• Discovery Date: September 23, 1846

• Discovered by: Urbain Le Verrier &

Johann Galle
 Facts:
• Did you know that Pluto used to be a planet until 2006? This
is when the IAU (International Astronomical Union)
formalized the definition of a planet as “A celestial body that:
A. Is in orbit around the Sun,
B. Has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid
body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium
(nearly round) shape,
C. Has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.
• Did you know a day on Venus lasts longer than a year? It
takes 243 Earth days to rotate once on its axis (sidereal day).
The planet’s orbit around the Sun takes 225 Earth days,
compared to the Earth’s 365. A day on the surface of Venus
(solar day) takes 117 Earth days.
I’ll just add Pluto
to know more
about it
Pluto

• It is discovered in 1930.
Pluto is the second closest
dwarf planet to the Sun and
was at one point classified
as the ninth planet. It is the
largest dwarf planet but
only second most massive,
with Eris being the most
massive. It is named after
the Greek god of the
underworld.
Pluto

• Size: 1,188 km

• Distance from Sun: 39.5 astronomical units

• Mass: 1.31 x 10^22kg (0.17 Moons)

• Orbit Distance: 5,874,000,000 km (39.26

AU)

• Orbit Period: 248 years

• Surface Temperature: -229°C

• Moons: 5 (Charon)

• Discovery Date: February 18, 1930

• Discovered by: Clyde W. Tombaugh

 “Ohana means family.
Family means nobody gets
left behind or forgotten.”
–Lilo and Stitch
 Sources:

Wikipedia
https://www.universetoday.com/34577/
inner-and-outer-planets/
https://space-facts.com/planets/
NASA
https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/
950643-ohana-means-family-family-
means-nobody-gets-left-behind-or
Thanks for Listening!
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