p.

24

UNIT 13 1

A Fr ench Lesson

M arg. - O h, T om ! T his m ag azine is r eal l y i n t er est ing ! And t he

pict ur es ar e so ar t ist ic!
Tom - W hat k ind of pict ur es ar e t hey? Of car s? Of f ilm st ar s?
M arg. - No, dear . T his is a f ashion m ag azin e. T her e ar e only
pict ur es of beaut if ul f ashions. I love Fr en ch f ashions!
Tom - I s it a Fr ench m ag azine?
M arg. - Of cour se, dear . I buy on l y Fr ench f ashion m ag azines.
Tom - But can you r ead Fr ench easil y?
M arg. - Of cour se I can. I could r ea d and spe ak Fr ench f luent ly
when I was o nl y f if t een. W hen I was at school, I was
al wa ys t he f ir st of t he class in Fr ench.
Tom - I t is st r ang e, but people a l wa ys f or g et f or eig n lang uag es
when t he y lea ve s chool. I had no pr oblem s, of cour se,
because I was al wa ys t he last of t he class in Fr ench. So, I
had not hing t o f orget . I could never r e m em ber t he ver bs.
And I had a t er r ibl e pr onunciat ion. I t hi nk t hat Fr ench is a
ver y dif f icult lang uag e.
M arg. - Poor dar l ing . I t hink t hat Fr ench isn’t di f f icult at all. I ha ve
an idea! You can r ead a lit t le Fr ench no w - and I can
cor r ect your pr onunciat ion m ist ak es.
Tom - No, dear . I t ’s useless. I t ’s t oo lat e.
M arg. - No, it isn’t . Rem em ber ! T he pr over b says: “ I t ’s never t oo
lat e. ”
Tom - But it ’s f oolish t o wo r k t oo m uch on a holida y.
M arg. - O h, t hat is r idiculou s, dear ! You do not hing f r om m or ning
t o nig ht . T he only t hing s t hat int er est you ar e: eat ing ,
dr ink ing , list ening t o t he j uk ebox, sm ok ing and sleeping .
And as you k no w, t hat is ver y ba d f or your healt h, dear .
(cont i núa)

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UNIT 13 2

( cont i nuat i on) A Fr ench Lesson

Tom - O h, no. I ’m f ine. My healt h is sple ndid.

M arg. - But you sm ok e t oo m uch, dear. You kno w t hat . And you
dr ink t oo m uch, t oo.
Tom - All r ig ht . All r ig ht . G ive m e t hat Fr enc h m ag azine - and
cor r ect m y pr onunciat ion. Com e on!
M arg. - Her e you ar e, dar lin g ! …
W ell … Beg in!
Tom - T his chair is ver y un comf or t able.
M arg. - T hen t ak e t he ot her chair . And her e is a cushion, dear . Put
it behind your back . - Ar e you com f ort able no w?
Tom - Uh- huh
M arg. - T hen now we can be g in.
Tom - W ell … er … I …
M arg. - Anot her cushion beh ind your back ?
Tom - No. O ne cushion is enoug h.
M arg. - T hen what , dear ?
Tom - W ell, if I m ust wor k, I m ust have a g ood beer in f r ont of
m e.
M arg. - O h T om ! T om ! T om!
Tom - Ha ha ha ha!

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UNIT 13 3

1. kind = amabl e

• Pablo t hink s t hat Ma r g ar et is not ver y k ind.

2. kind = t i po, cl ase

Abel

My g r andf at her love s anim als. Al l k inds of anim als. W ild anim als
and dom est ic anim al s.
W hen I was a lit t le bo y, he was al wa ys sa ying t o m e, “ A bel, b e
al wa ys k ind t o anim als! ”
***
- W hat k ind of ice cr eam do you lik e?
- I lik e chocolat e ice.
- W hat k ind of f ilms do you l ik e?
- I lik e advent ur e f ilm s.
- And what k ind of book s do you lik e?
- I lik e det ect ive st or ies.
===
wild = s al vaj e
advent ure = avent ur a

< < < < < §> > >> >

fashion = moda
f ashi onabl e = de moda
out of f ashi on = pas ado de moda

- W hat ar e you r eadin g ?

- A f ashion m ag azine.
- Fashions f or m en or f or wom en?
- For wom en of cour se. List en! I t says t h at pink is f ashiona ble
t his sum m er . So m y ye llo w dr ess is out of f ashion. W hat a pit y!
===
pi nk = r os a (col or )
ros e = r os a (f l or )

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UNIT 13 4

of course = por s upues t o, des de l uego, nat ur al mente

- I s Mar g ar et r eading a Fr ench m ag azine?

- Of cour se. Mar g ar et buys onl y Fr ench f ashion m ag azines.
- But can she under st and Fr ench?
- Of cour se she can. She was a l wa ys t he f ir st of t he class in
Fr ench at school. She could r ead and she could speak Fr ench
f luent ly.
===
f l uent l y = con s ol t ura, con f l ui dez

< < < < < §> > >> >

f oreign = ext r anj er o (adj etivo)

f oreigner = ext r anj er o (s ubs t ant i vo)
abroad = al ext r anj er o

• T om says t hat peo ple a l wa ys f org et f or eig n lang uag es when

t hey lea ve school.

Mar g ar et has a large collect i on of f or eign st am ps.

For t heir sum m er holida ys T om and Mar g ar et lik e t o visit f oreig n

count r ies.

Ever y year , especia l l y in sum m er , m illio ns of f or eig ner s come t o

Spain on vacat i on.
===
vacat i on = vacaci ón ( U.S.A. ) j u: es ei
hol i day = vacaci ón (G.B. Gr eat Br i t ai n) gr eit br i t En
l arge = gr ande

< < < < < §> > >> >

if = si

Tom

- If I m ust wor k , I m ust have a beer .

But if t he beer isn’t ver y cold, I can’t dr ink it .
If t her e is no beer , then g ive m e a wh isk y.

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UNIT 13 5

the first = el pr i mer o

the last = el úl t i mo

• Mar g ar et was al wa ys t he f ir st of t he class in Fr ench.

T om was al wa ys t he last of t he class.

T he f ir st of Januar y is t he f ir st day of t he year .

T he t hir t y-f ir st of Decem ber is t he last day of t he year .

A is t he f ir st let t er of t he alphabet .
Z is t he last let t er of t he alphabet .

Not a

last Monda y, last T uesday … = el l unes pas ado, el mar t es pas ado...
last we ek = la s emana pas ada
last m ont h = el mes pas ado
last year = el año pas ado

En es t as expr esi ones el ar t í cul o “t he” no se pone.

< < < < < §> > >> >

Regla En i ngl és , no s e pueden poner dos negaci ones en l a mi s ma f r as e.

En es pañol s e di ce: No t engo nada que hacer .

En i ngl és s e di ce: I have not hing t o do. ( l i t . T e n g o n a d a q u e h a c e r . )

- I t hink t hat T om doesn’t f eel wel l.

- W hy?
Because he does n ot hing all da y. He says not h ing . He eat s
not hing . He dr ink s not hing . He …
- T om dr ink s not hing ? Ah! T hen he m ust be ser iousl y i ll.
===
s eri ous l y = gr avement e; s eri ament e

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UNIT 13 6

de a para

Cuando l as pr epos ici ones de - a - par a en es pañol pr eceden el i nf i nit i vo,

en i ngl és s e om i ten.

de

• I t is t im e t o g o. (Es hor a de i r s e.)

I t is t im e t o eat . (Es hor a de comer .)

I ’m g lad t o see you. (Es t oy cont ent o de ver t e.)

• I ’m hung r y, but I h ave not hi ng (Tengo hambr e, per o no t engo

t o eat . nada de comer .)

I ’m t hir st y but I have not hing t o (Tengo s ed, per o no t engo

dr ink . nada de beber .)

• G eor g e beg ins t o wor k at eig ht (Geor ge empi ez a a t rabaj ar a l as

o’clock . ocho.)

para

• Mar g ar et g ives a b i g par t y t o (M ar gar et da una f i est a par a

celebr at e her bir t hday. f es t ej ar s u compl eaños .)

She sends car ds t o in vit e her (El l a envi a t arj et as par a i nvi t ar a
f r iends. s us ami gos .)

G eor g e hasn’t g ot enoug h (Geor ge no t i ene bast ant e di ner o

m oney t o buy pear ls . par a compr ar per l as .)

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UNIT 13 7

from = de; des de (i ndi cando pr oveni enci a)

• - W her e ar e you f r om ? = ¿De dónde er es ?

- I ’m f r om Bost on.

W hen Mar g ar et r ecei ves a let t er f r om her f am ily, she is ver y happ y.

from … to = des de … a - des de ... has t a

Fr om t he beg inning t o t he end. = des de pr i nci pi o a fí n

Fr om m or ning t o nig ht . = des de l a mañana has t a l a noche

• G eor g e wor k s f r om m or ning t o nig ht . Poor G eorg e!

He wor k s f r om eig ht in t he m or ning t o nine o’clock at nig ht .
He wor k s all week : f r om Monda y m or nin g t o Sat ur day nig ht . And he
never t ak es a holida y.
He wor k s f r om t he f ir st of Januar y t o t he t hir t y- f ir st of December .

f r om t im e t o t im e = de vez en cuando

< < < < < §> > >> >

to interest = i nt er es ar

Classica l m usic i nt er est s Mar g ar et .

En es pañol deci mos : (M e i nt er es a el f út bol.)

En i ngl és di cen: Foot bal l int er est s me. = ( l i t . F ú t b o l i n t e r e s a a m í . )

• - W hat t hing s int er est T om ?

- Eat ing , dr ink ing and sleepi ng int er est him .

- W hat t hing s int er est Mar g ar et ?

- Dancing and sing ing int er est her.

Not a
Foot ball int er est s me. o
I am int er est ed in f oot ball. = (Es t oy i nt er es ado en el f út bol ).

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UNIT 13 8

to listen = es cuchar
Li st en t o m e! = ¡ Es cúchame! ( l i t . ¡ E s c u c h a a m í ! )

I ’m l i st eni ng t o t he r adio. = (lit. Estoy escuchando a la radio.)

Tom and M ar gar et

M arg. - T om! T om ! I t ’s t im e t o g o t o t he beach. W her e ar e you?

Please ans wer m e!
Tom - I ’m her e, dear .
M arg. - W hat ar e you doing , dear ?
Tom - I ’m list ening t o t he radio.
M arg. - Som e g ood m usic, dear ?
Tom - Ver y g ood! W onderful!
M arg. - Beet ho ven? Mo zar t ?
Tom - No, T HE BEAT LES.

< < < < < §> > >> >

to = a

I ’m g oing t o t he cinem a.
Next Sunda y I ’m going t o Eng land.

Con l os ver bos de m ovim i ent o, r eal o i magi nar i o, l a pr epos ici ón “a” s e
t r aduce por “t o”.

t o com e t o - t o go t o - t o r et ur n t o - t o send t o

• Man y t our ist s com e t o Spain in sum m er .

T hey g o t o t he beaches and swim in t he blue sea.
T hey g o t o t he t heatr es, r est aur ant s and caf és.
T hey buy m an y post - car ds and send t hem t o t heir f r iends.
T hey also bu y lot s o f souvenir s.
W hen t heir holida ys ar e over , t hey r et urn t o t heir count r ies and
g ive sou ven ir s of Spain t o t heir f r iends.

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UNIT 13 9

at = a

1. Se us a “at ” par a i ndicar cuando ocur r e algo.

• At eig ht o’clock .
At lunch t im e.

2. Se us a t ambi én “at ” par a deci r donde ocurr e al go.

• I alwa ys ha ve lunch at a r est aur ant.

At seven o’c lock I get up.

At half - past seven I have br eak f ast.
At nine o’cl ock I am in m y of f ice.
I n t he of f ice I sit at m y desk and wor k all m or ning .
At one o’clock I have lunch.
I alwa ys ha ve lunch at a r est aur ant.
Af t er lunch I have a cup of cof f ee at a caf é.
===
des k = es cr i t ori o; pupi t r e (en el col egi o)
af t er = des pués , des pués de

< < < < < §> > >> >

alw a ys = s i empr e
ne ver = nunca

Rober t is al wa ys an g r y. Mi ll ie is ne ver a ng r y.
Rober t al wa ys eat s t oo m uch. Mi ll ie ne ve r eat s t oo m uch.
Rober t is al wa ys sm ok ing . Mi ll ie ne ver s m ok es.
Rober t al wa ys dr i n k s win e wit h h is dinner . Mil li e, on t he
cont r ar y, never dr in k s alcohol.
Rober t ne ver bu ys a bir t hda y pr esent f or Mil li e, but she al w ays
buys a bir t hda y pr esent f or him . T he pr esent s ar e al wa ys ver y
nice t oo, but Rober t never sa ys “ t hank you” .

< < < < < §> > >> >

mistake = er r or , equi vocaci ón

t o m ak e a mi st ake = comet er un er r or ( l i t . h a c e r u n e r r o r )
by m i st ake = por er r or , s i n querer

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UNIT 13 10

the other = el ot r o
T ak e t he ot her chair . = Coge l a ot r a s i ll a.

another = un ot r o
G ive m e anot her beer , please! = ¡ Dame ot r a cer vez a, por f avor !
(lit. ¡Dame una otra cerveza, por favor!
Tom and M ar gar et

M arg. - I s your chair comf or table, T om ?

Tom - Not ver y.
M arg. - T ak e t he ot her chair , t hen. And her e is a cushion. Put it
behind your back . Ar e you com f ort able no w?
Tom - Not ver y.
M arg. - Anot her cushion, de ar ?
Tom - No, dear , one cushion is enoug h, but I wou ld l ik e a cold
beer .
M arg. - But dear - you had a beer at lunch.
Tom - W ell, I want anot her .

other = ot r o - a; ot r os - as (adj et i vo)

1. Some people like classical music, ot her people pref er moder n music.

others = ot r os –as (pr onombr e)

2. Som e people lik e classica l m usic, ot her s pr ef er m oder n m usic.

En el ej empl o 1. “ot her ”es adj eti vo, por l o t ant o es i nvari abl e.
En el ej empl o 2. s e pone “ot her s ” al pl ural por que es pr onombr e.

Not a

ever y ot her da y = cada dos dí as

ever y ot her week = cada dos s emanas et c.

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UNIT 13 11

For m a en -ing

1. gerund = ger undi o

• T om is dr ink ing beer .

2. verbal nouns = nombr es ver bal es

• Sm ok ing is a bad habit .

sw i m mi ng = la nat aci ón
ski i ng = el es quí
f i shi ng = la pes ca
w al ki ng = el cami nar ; el pas ear
t r avel l i ng = el vi aj ar
danci ng = la danz a; el bail e
si ngi ng = el cant o
t eachi ng = la ens eñanz a
eat i ng = el comer
dr i nki ng = el beber
pai nt i ng = la pi nt ur a; cuadr o et c.

Rober t and Mi l li e

Rob. - Mi ll ie! Br ing m e t he bot t le of whisk y an d t he cig ar et t es!

M i l li e - But t oo m uch dr in k ing and sm ok ing ar e bad f or you,
Rober t . T he doct or says -
Rob. - O h, all r ig ht ! T hen br ing m e a sandwich.
M i l li e - But you had a big dinner at eig ht . An d it ’s on l y h alf - past
nine. T he doct or sa ys t hat t oo m uch ea t ing is bad f or you,
t oo.
Rob. - And what is g ood f or m e t hen, eh?
M i l li e - W alk ing , dear. Swim m ing -
Rob. - O h r ubbish! Rubbi sh! RUBBI SH !
===
rubbi s h = t ont er í as
Not a “rubbi s h” s i gni fi ca t ambi én “bas ur a”

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UNIT 13 12

behind = det r ás de ( p r e p o s i c i ó n ) – det r ás ( a d v e r b i o )

in front = en f r ent e, del ant e ( a d v e r b i o )
in front of = del ant e de, en f r ent e de ( p r e p o s i c i ó n )

Rober t and Mi l li e

Rob. - Mi ll ie, wher e is t he ne wspaper ?

M i l li e - I t is t her e! It ’s on t he t able, in f r ont of you!
Rob. - I n f r ont of m e?
M i l li e - Yes, in f r ont of you.
Rob. - I can’t see it .
M i l li e - O h, use your eyes!
Rob. - W ell, all r ig ht . And no w, wher e ar e m y sl i pper s?
M i l li e - T hey ar e behind you , in t he cor ner .
Rob. - Behind m e? W her e? I can’t see t hem .
M i l li e - Use your e yes, dear !
Rob. - Use m y e yes?! I haven’ t e yes i n t he back of m y hea d !
===
t o us e = us ar
i n t he back of = en l a par t e pos t er i or de

< < < < < §> > >> >

Mi ll ie is sit t ing on a chair .

Rober t is sit t ing i n an ar m chair .

t o si t on = s ent ar s e (s obr e una s i l l a)

t o si t i n = s ent ar s e (en una but aca, en u n s of á)

on = s obr e, enci ma de

in = dent r o

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UNIT 13 13

opposites = opues t os

alw a ys s i empr e never nunca

t o ask pr egunt ar t o answ er cont es t ar
bef or e ant es , ant es de af t er des pués , des pués de
t he best el mej or t he w or st el peor
bet t er mej or w or se peor
bi g gr ande sm al l pequeño
t o bu y compr ar t o sel l vender
t o com e i n ent r ar t o com e out s al i r
ear l y t empr ano l at e t ar de
ever yt hi ng t odo not hi ng nada
f ast r ápi do sl ow l ent o
t he f i r st el pr i mer o t he l ast el úl t i mo
f ul l l l eno em pt y vací o
t o go i n ent r ar t o go out s al i r
happ y f el i z unhapp y i nf eli z
t o l augh r eí r t o cr y l l or ar
l i ght l i ger o hea vy pes ado
t o l ove amar t o hat e odi ar
of t en a menudo sel dom r ar a vez , r ar ament e
open abi er t o cl osed cer r ado
t o open abr i r t o cl ose cer r ar
peace paz w ar guer r a
pl easant agr adabl e unpl easant des agr adabl e
pr esent pr es ent e past pas ado
qui ck vel oz sl ow l ent o
t o r em em ber r ecor dar t o f or get ol vi dar
t o save ahor r ar t o w ast e der r ochar
sof t bl ando har d dur o
t o t ur n on encender t o t ur n of f apagar
usef ul út i l usel ess i nút i l

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UNIT 13 14

modal verbs = ver bos modal es

can to be able

I nf init i ve Pr esent Sim ple Past Fut ur e

--- I can I could ---
t o be able I am able I was able I wil l be able
poder puedo pude, podí podr é

Not a

1. “Can” t i ene s ol amente dos t i empos :

Pr esent can

Past coul d

2. Par a l os ot r os ti empos s e us a “t o be abl e” = (s er capaz de)

< < < < < §> > >> >

must to ha ve to

I nf init i ve Pr esent Sim ple Past Fut ur e

--- I m ust --- ---

t o have t o I have t o I had t o I wil l ha ve t o
deber debo debí - debí a deber é
t ener que t engo que t uve que; t ení a que t endr é

Not a

1. “M us t ” t i ene un ti empo s ol ament e, el “pr es ent s im pl e”:

I m ust - you m ust - he m ust et c.

2. Par a l os ot r os ti empos s e us a “t o have t o” = t ener que.

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UNIT 13 15

G eor ge and Lydi a

Lydia - G eor g e! I want t o b uy a ne w dr ess, a h at and
a pair of shoes … So g ive m e som e m oney!
George - I ’m ver y sor r y, m y d ear , but I have no m oney
t o g ive you. para darte
Lydia - W hat nonsense! I kno w t hat you ha ve m oney.
And I m ust have a ne w dr ess. I ha ve n ot hing
t o put on! que ponerme
George - O h, m y dear ! You h ave so m an y cl ot he s. You ropa
ar e a ver y e leg ant wom an.
Lydia - Rubbis h! All m y cl o t hes ar e out of f ashion. I
m ust have a pi nk dr ess. Pink is t he rosa
f ashionable colour t his sum m er .
George - I s it , dar ling ?
Lydia - Yes, of cour se it is. And I r epeat : I m ust have
som e new sh oes a nd a hat . And I m ust buy
ot her t hing s, t oo.
George - W hat t hing s, m y dear ?
Lydia - W ell, f or exam pl e, when o ur f r iends vi sit us,
we m ust of f er t hem som e g ood dr ink s.
George - W e can of f er t hem tea or cof f ee.
Lydia - T ea! Cof f ee! W hat ar e you t alk ing about?
George - T hen what , dar ling ?
Lydia - W hisk y, of cour se, or g in, or som e g ood wine.
And we m ust of fer snack s, t oo: cak es,
sand wic hes, ham , cheese, oli ves … jamón
George - So m any t h ing s, dear ? W hen I com e hom e
f r om t he of f ice, you g ive m e on l y cold, boil ed hervidas
pot at oes.
Lydia - But you ar en’t a f r iend! You’r e m y husba nd.
George - Yes, dear . Of cour se. You ar e r ig ht . You ar e
r ig ht .
===
I have no m oney t o gi ve you. No tengo dinero para darte.
I have not hi ng t o put on. N o t e n g o n a d a q u e p o n er m e .

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UNIT 13 16

( Lydi a )

Lyd ia is a wom an wit h ver y e xpens i ve t ast es. T he

onl y t hing s t hat int er est her ar e clot hes, beaut if ul car s,
t heat r es and cinem as.
She eat s ver y l it t le. She sa ys t hat t oo much eat ing is
bad f or her f ig ur e. She is r ig ht , of cour se, but she
exag g er at es. She eat s onl y a sala d an d a sand wic h f or
lunch and a l it t le snack of cold m eat f or dinner . For car ne
br eakf ast she only h as a g lass of m ilk and an apple.
She sit s in a comf or t able ar m chair all day, wit h t wo but aca
big cushions beh ind her back . She doe s not hing f r om
m or ning t o nig ht . She never r eads. She never l ist ens t o
t he r adio. She ne ver wat ches t ele visi on. She spend s
her t im e t hink ing about clot hes, car s, t heat r es, holida ys
…and t im e passes … and she c ont inue s t o t hink : “ O h! I
would lik e t o be r ich! I would lik e t o buy so m an y
t hing s! - dozens of dr esses … m any p air s of eleg ant
shoes … a big , spl endid car wit h a ir condit ion ing …
som e beaut if ul r eal pear ls! ”
W hen G eorg e, her husband, com es hom e f r om t he
of f ice, she never says: “ Ho w ar e yo u t his even ing ,
dear ? Ar e you t ir ed? ” She j ust look s at him wit h dr eam y oj os s oñador es
eyes.
If G eorg e says, “ My dear , I ’m t ir ed and hung r y. si
W her e is m y d inne r ?” she ans wer s, “ Your di nner is
t her e, on t he k it chen t able. Use your e ye s! ”
Poor G eor g e look s at t he t able, but he sees onl y a
plat e of cold, boile d pot at oes and a bot t le of wat er .
“ O nly bo il ed pot at o es, m y dear ?” he says in a sad con voz t r i st e
vo ice. “ Of cour se, ” says L yd ia, “W e can’t t hr ow m one y
a wa y! T he on l y t hi n g t hat you t hink abo ut is e at ing . You
f or g et t hat I want t o buy a car ! ”

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UNIT 13 17

Abel

“ Dr eam s cost not hing .” cues t an

I lo ve t r ave l ling ! I li k e t o visit f or eig n count r ies, t o speak vi aj ar

t o f or eig ner s and t o see ne w and int er es t ing places.
Her e in Fl or ence, wher e we l i ve no w, I have m an y
chances t o speak wit h t our ist s. I t g ives m e so m uc h opor t uni dades
happiness t o be a ble t o speak and under st and t hem . f el i ci dad / poder
Especia ll y wh en t hey speak Spanish, because I r em em ber
m y f r iends in Se vil l e. I would l ik e so m uch t o see t hem
ag ain!
My f at her says t hat next sum m er , if we ha ve eno ug h
m oney, we can g o t o Spai n f or a shor t holi da y, so I wil l be cor t a / podr é
able t o see all m y S panish f r iends ag ain. T his summ er it is
im possib le, becaus e we ha ve t o g o t o t h e Un it ed St at es t o t enemos que
visit m y g r andpar ent s, m y unc les, m y aunt s, m y lit t l e
cousins, and of course, Uncle Da vi d.
I lik e t o tr avel b y ca r , by bus, by t r ain, a nd of cour se, by
aer oplane. My f avo ur it e wa y of t r avell i ng is by p lane. My modo
m ot her says t hat t h e f ir st t im e t hat I f le w, I was on l y f ive vol é
m ont hs old. I can’t rem em ber , of cour se.
Fl ying is f un, because in a ver y sh or t t im e ever yt hing vol ar es di ver t i do
chang es. Especiall y when you g o abr oad. You m eet people al ext r anjer o
t hat speak a dif f er ent lang uag e, we ar di f f er ent clot hes and l l evan
eat dif f er ent k inds of f ood. cl as es
W hen we g o t o Am e r ica, I l ik e t o eat wh at t hey cal l “ f ast l o que
f ood” or “j unk f ood.” T hey cal l it f ast f ood because t he y vel oz
pr epar e it ver y f ast , and t he y ca ll it j unk f ood, because it is vel oz ment e
not ver y no ur ishi ng . nut r i ti vo
W ell, I lik e “ j unk f ood” ! I lik e pi zza, ham bur g er s, and hot
dog s. A hot dog is not a dog t hat f eels hot ; it is a k ind of
sausag e. s al chi cha
(cont i núa)
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UNIT 13 18

( cont i nuat i on) Abel

“ Dr eam s cost not hing .”

I also lik e f r ied pot at oes ver y m uch. I n G r eat Br it ain t he y

call t hem pot at o chips, but in t he U. S. A. t hey call t hem l as l l aman
Fr ench f r ies. I don’t k now wh y. W hen I eat pot at o chips,
ham bur g er s and hot dog s, I lik e t o put a lot of t om at o
k et chup and m ust ar d on t hem . Som e p eople l ik e t o ha ve mos t az a
ham bur g er s wit h onions. I never eat on ions. I can’t st and cebol l as / aguant ar
t heir nast y sm ell. des agr adabl e ol or
W ell, we wer e t alk ing about t r avell ing . - W hen I g r ow cr ez ca
up and beg in wor k in g and ear ning m oney, I want t o spend ganar
all m y sa ving s t r avel ling all o ver t he wor l d. ahor r os
My f ir st t r ip m ust be t o So ut h Am er ica . I want t o visi t vi aj e
Vene zue la, Colum bi a and above all, Br a zil. s obr e t odo
Br azil is t he count r y of m y dr eam s. W hen I g o t her e, I
want t o spend m ost of m y t im e vis it ing t he Am azon, t he
lar g est tr opical f or est in t he wor ld. I n t he Am azon t her e ar e l a más gr ande
over 40, 000 var iet i e s of plant s. más de / pl ant as
I n Br azi l t hey spe ak Por t ug uese, because it was a
Por t ug uese colony. col oni a
For m y s econd t r ip I wou ld lik e t o visit C hina and Ja pan.
T he lang uag e is no pr oblem , because m y f at her says t hat
in Ch inese an d Jap anese schoo ls t hey st udy Eng l ish. My
f at her also sa ys t ha t Eng lish is s pok en all o ver t he wor ld. es hablado en todo
So if yo u l ear n Eng l i sh we ll, you can se e t he wor ld and you
wil l be ab le t o speak t o ever ybod y. - But we m ust n’t podr ás
f or g et a ver y im por t ant t hing: t r avell i ng cost s a lot of ol vi dar
m oney. So, as m y m ot her of t en says t o m e: we m ust f ir st como
ear n t he m oney, an d t hen m ak e plans ho w t o spend it . My ganar
m ot her also says t hat I am alwa ys dr eam ing about
t r avel ling and t hat I m ust be m or e r ealist ic. W hen she says
t hat , I answer , “ Ma m a, dr eam s cost not hing , so wh y can’t I
dr eam ?” - If you lik e, you can dr eam t oo. I t cost s not hing!

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UNIT 13 19

Tr ansl at i on

1. You wr it e ver y bad l y.

2. Your t r anslat ions ar e f ull of g r am m at ical m ist ak es.
3. Your pr onunciat io n i s not g ood.
4. You ne ver list en t o t he t eacher . You was t e t oo m uch t im e.
5. You ar e al wa ys t he l ast of t he class.

6. You do not hing f r om m or ning t o nig ht.

7. You sit in a com f or table ar m chair all da y …
8. , , , wit h a big cushion behind your back …
9. … and a pack et of cig ar ett es in f r ont of you.
10. T he only t hi ng s t hat int er est you ar e ea t ing , dr ink ing and
sleep ing .
11. I t is ver y bad f or your healt h.

12. - Can yo u speak Fr ench?

13. - Yes, I can. But I m ak e m any m ist ak es.
14. I could speak ver y well wh en I was at school.
15. I was t he f ir st of t he class in Fr ench.
16. But peop le a l wa ys f org et f or eig n lan g uag es when t he y
lea ve schoo l. I t is ver y st r ang e.

17. Your dr ess is out of f ashion. You m ust buy anot her .
18. Last year yo u wer e ver y eleg ant . No w you ar e dif f er ent .
19. You f org et t hat you ar e a f ilm st ar.
20. - You ar e m ak ing a big m ist ak e.

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UNIT 13 20

Tr ansl at i on

1. T ú escr ibes m uy m al.

2. T us tr aducciones es t án llenas de f alt as g r am at icales.
3. T u pr onunciación no es buena.
4. T ú nunca escuchas al pr of esor . T ú m alg ast as dem asiado
t iem po.
5. T ú er es siem pr e el últ im o de la clase.

6. T ú ( no) haces nada desde ( la) m añana hast a ( la) noche.

7. T ú est ás sent ado en una cóm oda but aca t odo ( el) día. . .
8. … con un gr an coj ín det r ás de t u espald a. . .
9. … y un paq uet e de cig ar r illos del ant e de t í.
10. Las únic as cosas q ue t e int er esan so n ( el) com er , ( el)
beber y ( el) dor m ir .
11. Es m uy m alo par a t u salud.

12. - ¿Sabes hab lar f r ancés?

13. - S í, yo se ( h a b l a r ) . P er o hag o m uchas f alt as.
14. Yo sab ía hab lar m uy bien cuando est aba en ( la) escuela.
15. Yo er a el pr im er o de la clase en f r ancés.
16. Per o ( las) per sonas siem pr e ol vid a n ( los) idiom as
ext r anj er os cuando dej an ( la) escuela.

17. - T u vest ido est á f uera de m oda. T ú debes com pr ar ot r o.

18. El año pasado t ú er as m uy eleg ant e. Ahor a er es dif er ent e.
19. T ú olvidas q ue er es una est r ella del c ine .
20. T ú est ás haciendo un g r an er r or .

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UNIT 13 21

Exer ci ses

1. Contesta a las sigu ientes preg untas con una fras e compl eta.

1. W hat k ind of m ag azi nes does Mar g ar et lik e t o r ead?

2. Can Mar g ar et speak only a lit t le Fr ench, or can she
speak it f luent ly?
3. W hat do people f orget when t he y lea ve s chool?
4. W as T om t he f ir st or t he last of t he class in Fr ench?
5. Does T om t hink t hat Fr ench is easy or di f f icult ?

6. W hat t hing s int er est T om ?

7. W hat t hing s int er est you?
8. If T om m ust wor k , what does he want in f r ont of him ?

9. W hy does Abel lik e t r ave ll ing ?

10. W her e does Abel li ve now?
11. W hy is Abel happ y when he can speak Spanish ?
12. W hy has Abel m any chances t o speak Spanish?
13. W her e ar e Abel and his f am ily g oing next sum m er ?
14. W her e ar e t hey g oing t his sum m er ?
15. W hich is Abel’s f avo ur it e wa y of t r avell in g ?
16. W hich is your f avour it e wa y of t r avell ing ?
17. Ho w old was Abel when he f lew f or t he f ir st t im e?
18. Accor ding t o Abel f lying is f un, why?
19. W hy do t hey call p i zza, ham bur g er s and hot dog s, “f ast
f ood” and “ j unk f ood” ?
20. W hat is a hot dog ?
21. Does Abel lik e onion s? W hy?
22. W hen Abel g r ows u p, how does he wa nt t o spend his
saving s?
23. W her e does he want t o g o f or his f ir st t r ip?
24. Ho w m an y var i et ie s of plant s ar e t her e in t he r a in
f or est s of Br azi l?
25. W hat does Abel’s m ot her say about m oney?
26. Ho w m uch do dr eam s cost ?

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UNIT 13 22

Exer ci ses

2. Complet a las sig uientes f rases co n:

ot her ot her s anot her

No es cr i bas en el l i bro. Copi a l as or aci ones en un cuader no, y c ompl et a

con l as pal abr as que fal t an.

1. T her e ar e m any people in t he hot el lou ng e t his evening .

Som e of t hem ar e t alk ing , …. . ar e wat chi ng t elevis ion.
2. Fi ve young m en are dr ink ing wine. Two of t hem ar e
Eng lish. T he ….. ar e Fr ench.
3. T wo lit t le g ir ls ar e pla yi ng wit h a big doll. Al l t he …..
childr en in t he loung e ar e wat ching T . V.
4. Lot s of people spen d t heir e ven ing s wa t ching t elevisio n.
But …. . pr ef er t o r ead or t o g o f or a walk .

***
5. Mar g ar et is look ing at a m ag azine. “ T his m ag azine is so
bor ing , T om ,” she says. ” Please g i ve m e t he ….. .”
6. T om says t o t he wa it er , “ Br ing m e ….. wh isk y, pleas e. ”
And t he wa it er br ing s him …. . .

***
7. O n Sunda y, Abel ’s m ot her wak es him u p wit h a k iss. O n
t he …. . days of t he week , his al ar m clock wak es him
up.
8. Som e people s pend t heir saving s t r avel li ng , …. . put t hem
in t he bank .

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UNIT 13 23

Vocabul ar y

abroad EbrØ:d al extr anjer o

adventure EdventSE avent ura
arm a:m brazo
armchair a:mtSeE butaca
artistic a:tistik artístico
back bAk espalda
behind bihaind detrás d e, d etrás
to boil tu bØil hervir
boiled bØild hervid o
class kla:s clase
comfortable kúmfEt Ebl cómod o
to correct tu kErekt corregir
to collect tu kEl ekt coleccio nar
cushion kuSEn cojín
darling da:liN querido –a, cariño
desk desk escritori o, pupitr e
detecti ve stor y ditektiv st Øri novel a poli cíaca
domestic doumestik domésti co
earl y E:li tempra no
fashion fASEn moda
fashionable fASnEbl de mo da
foolish fu:liS tonto
fluentl y fluEntli con s ol t ur a, con fl ui dez
foreign fØrin extranj ero (adj etivo )
foreigner fØrinE extranj ero (subst ant ivo )
to forget tu fEget olvidar
from frØm de, d esd e
in front in frú nt en f r ent e, del ant e
in front of in frú nt Øv en f r ent e de, del ant e de
health hel† salud

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UNIT 13 23

Vocabul ar y

hom e houm hogar

if if si
to interest tu intErest interes ar
kind kaind amable; t i po, cl as e
the last TE la:st el último
late leit tarde
to leave tu li:v dejar; partir
to make tu meik hacer
mistake misteik error, falt a
pillow pilEu almohada
pink piNk rosa (color )
popular pØpjul E popular
to pronounce tu prEnau ns pronun ciar
prover b prØv E:b proverbio
to remember tu rimemb E recor dar
rubbish rúbiS tonterías ; basur a
to seem tu si:m parecer
splendid splendid esplén dido
stor y stØri cuent o
terrible terEbl terrible
uncomfor table únkúmfEtEbl incómo do
to use tu ju:z usar
useful ju:sful útil
useless ju:slis inútil
verb vE:b verb o
w ild waild salvaje
w ord wE:d palabra

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