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Abstract—This paper presents the architectural design of a to a web-server for storing into a database. Also, the results
system for smart health-care using Wireless Sensor Network. are displayed on a website and doctors can log in to patient’s
Patient health monitoring is a common task in health-care areas account on the website and view readings of patient.
from homes to hospitals. In proposed system, patients carry a
batch of body-sensors to collect their physiological parameters. In this paper a prototype of basic human body parameter
The Arduino is attached on the body of patients, facilitates the monitoring system based on Arduino micro-controller and
sensor node and sends sensor data to the server using WiFi. web-server is implemented. Various basic physiological pa-
WiFi being used in many hospital applications, provide very rameters such as fall detection, heart-rate, body temperature
less interference to the functionality of other devices. The server and ECG are measured using relevant sensors and sent to
detects abnormal conditions of patients using the threshold value
and sends the SMS and e-mail to the physician along with video- the micro-controller board for processing . Arduino and the
feed. The system allows the mobility of the patient wearing the sensors together makes the Body Sensor Network (BSN),
sensors and the video-feed improves the communication with helps to measure above specified parameters. The computed
the doctor. Through this system we can improve the quality of parameters values are then sent to a web-server for display on
treatment for the patients who may require the continuous remote the web page and stored in a database [1]. ESP8266 which is
health monitoring.
a WiFi module is used for communication between Arduino
Index Terms—Electronic healthcare; Wireless sensor networks; and Server. The necessary software is developed using Arduino
Body sensor networks; Electronic mail; Video surveillance IDE, HTML and PHP programming language. The measured
physiological readings are updated in every 60 seconds. The
I. I NTRODUCTION detailed description is given in Section IV. The updated pa-
In India, everyday many patients are affected because they rameter values can be viewed from anywhere using an internet
are not regularly monitored [5]. Also, real time parameter enabled device. Also, when the value of the physiological
values are not measured efficiently in hospitals because the parameters cross threshold value the doctor/caretaker gets
patient cannot remain under surveillance all the time. It alerted through SMS, e-mail and video-feed.
becomes uphill task for doctors to frequently check the patient This system is especially beneficial for elderly and ill
conditions and continuous monitoring of their status. To deal patients at home who need frequent monitoring by the doctor
with these types of problems, our system can be proved and caretaker. The system sends alert notifications as discussed
beneficial. As the advent of technologies are transforming, one above, if the patient’s parameters cross the defined threshold.
of the most important applications of technology is health- The detailed description of these services are given in Section
care and wellness management [6]. Health-care is moving V. This helps to take appropriate action at that instant of time
from reactive responses to tackle the dire conditions using and would save the patient from future health problem which
a proactive approach characterized by early detection, pre- may arise, also save their life in case of critical condition.
vention and better health management. In this framework, Such a system can help in reducing hospital bills, arising from
health condition monitoring and well being management are patient’s admission into the hospital.
significant contributors to individual health-care. This paper is organized as follows, Section II provides
This system is particularly important in countries having a details about the existing systems and their drawbacks. Section
significant aging population, like India where this technology III presents system hardware and software requirement to
can be employed to significantly improve the overall quality measure the parameters. Section IV introduces methodology
of life [6]. Our system is designed to be used in hospitals to achieve the required system . Section V presents the test
and home for measuring and monitoring various physiological results of notifications. The last section concludes our work
parameters. The results are recorded using Arduino and sent and presents future work plans.
II. L ITERATURE S URVEY a wireless sensor node and a web-server. In the wireless
This section presents the prevailed systems and method- sensor node, ECG and pulse rate module, Accelerometer (Fall
ologies available in the trend and their limitations, for which Detector), temperature sensor are connected to the Arduino
the introduced system provides the solution. Various portable Uno. Arduino saves the incoming data from the sensors men-
health monitoring apparatus available in market tend to mea- tioned above in separate variables and provides an appropriate
sure only one of the physiological parameters, some of such delay to them based on the calculation delay requirement of
sensors are heartbeat (pulse-rate) measuring band, body glu- the particular sensor. Then the physiological readings from
cose meter etc. But these products apart from measuring only sensors are transmitted to web-server using the ESP8266 WiFi
one of the parameters are also not capable of maintaining transmitter which is connected to Arduino’s serial port. The
the database. The present devices only measures immediate web-server receives the data and check it with the threshold
values and alert using Bluetooth or GSM in [3]. The system value for the registered patient. If the parameters are within
introduced in this paper not only measures several parameters threshold the data is stored displayed on website, otherwise
but also maintain a database of the values to be used as a an e-mail along with the link of live video feed will be
medical record. Several attempts have been made to customize sent to Doctor/caretaker’s account and a SMS will be sent
many sensors to make BSN in [1][2] but the protocols were as offline alert. The incoming data is first analyzed for the
used for very low range of communication using Zigbee. threshold before getting saved to reduce the response time of
Whereas, in the introduced system the BSN sends the data notification.
to a global server which can be accessed from any point of
the world. Table 1 shows the current available work and the
improvisation by our system.
A study from various Hospitals revealed that most of
the health monitoring equipment being used are wired. The
hospitals avoid the usage of various wireless devices because
these devices causes interference in the apparatus being used
at hospitals. The system proposed works on IEEE 802.11
b/g/n WiFi which is designed to work with other devices
with least effect [11]. Proposed system is a ideal method for
portable health monitoring with maintenance of database of
parameters and its global access along with video-feed in alert
notifications. Fig. 1. Block Diagram of Patient’s Health Monitoring System using Wireless
Sensor Network
TABLE I
LITERATURE SURVEY
B. ECG Sensor
PROPOSED METHODOL- IMPROVISATION MADE
REF.
OGY IN THE REFERENCE IN PROPOSED SYSTEM An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a graphical recording of
Sensors Data is sent to a Lo- Global Server is used. WiFi the electrical change in potentials between different sites on
1 cal Server made using Rpi 3 is used to send sensor Node the skin as a result of cardiac activity. Fig. 2(a). shows the
via Zigbee Data to Server
Sensors are directly con- Sensor Data is sent to server ECG Sensor AD8232 with operating voltage of 3.3V. The
2 nected to Server (Rpi 3) mak- through a mobile (portable) AD8232 module provides very less settling time with Arduino.
ing patient immobile Node Electrodes provided on this board are attached to RA (Right
Web services are used to pro-
GSM is used to send Alert vide alert notification along
Arm), LA (Left Arm), and RL (Right Leg).
3
Notification to caretaker with implementation of video
feed
C. Pulse Sensor
Alert is sent on the basis of
Database of physiological pa- Pulse rate is the heartbeat rate measured by the number
rameter is maintained to be of contractions of the heart per minute (bpm). The average
4 current parameter value and
used as patient’s medical his-
no database is maintained normal resting adult human heart rate is 60 to 100 bpm. Pulse
tory
rate module shown in Fig. 2(b). operates on a +5V DC. The
sensor uses photoplethysmography (PPG) of IR light to detect
III. S YSTEM H ARDWARE AND S OFTWARE R EQUIREMENT blood volume change at finger tip.
In this section, the signal flow of information is discussed D. Fall Detector
along with the various hardware and software components
Human body is prone to fall whenever the brain loose
being used in the the system.
consciousness. The ADXL335 accelerometer shown in Fig.
A. Block Diagram of System with Hardware and Software 2(c)., is well suited to measures the static acceleration as result
Requirement of gravity tilt, as well as dynamic acceleration from motion.
Fig. 1. shows the block diagram of Patient’s Health Mon- Its high resolution can detect the inclination change with less
itoring System using wireless sensor network. It consists of than 1 degrees of variation.
E. Temperature Sensor 2) AT-Commands: AT commands are instructions used to
The normal human body temperature range is 36.5 - 37.5 connect with WiFi networks. These open TCP connections
in Celsius (97.7 - 99.5 in Fahrenheit). The DS18B20 is used without need to have TCP/IP stack running in the micro-
as temperature sensor shown in Fig. 2(d). communicates over controller. With use of AT commands we can simply connect
a Wire bus with a micro-controller. It measures temperatures any micro-controller to ESP module and start pushing data up
from -55 to +125 in Celsius with accuracy of 0.5. DB18B20 to internet.
can convert 12-bit temperature to digital word in 750 ms. 3) HTML and PHP: HTML is the standard markup
language for creating web-pages and web applications. PHP
is a server side scripting language used to create dynamic
web-pages. These are used to at the server side of system for
data storage and maintenance of user account.
IV. M ETHODOLOGY
This Section will give a detailed description of the function-
ing of bio-medical sensors to form a Sensor node, the wireless
communication of data from node to server and deliver of
notification along with the algorithm flowchart.
NO If accelaro - YES
meter range Send Alert
crossed ? Notification in Data will be
form of E-Mail, echoed on
Arduino send Arduino send SMS and Live website, that
data to webserver data to webserver Video-feed Link can be accessed
through ESP8266: through ESP8266: using user login.
Pulse Rate, Temp. Pulse Rate, Temp. Save data on the
ECG(PQRS ECG(PQRS website to the
encoded values) encoded values) user’s account to
and person and person be used as Medical
Fallen=0 ie. NO Fallen=1 ie. YES report in future.
NO If Threshold
Crossed ?
YES
Camera is turned ON and live
stream is sent to local IP. Camera’s
Local IP is mapped to a PORT
of Registerd Router’s IP address.
notification to doctor/caretaker. For security and power saving The website acts as a history of patient’s physiological
purpose, the generated link will be discarded after single use. reading. Each patient has their own account in which their
The caretaker can access the live feed using the link provided prescribed threshold is fed. The parameters are displayed on
in alert e-mail through the FTP server. The camera will be On the website, that can be accessed through log-in. The sample
until the user is viewing the live feed, and once the user will of web-page shown in the Fig. 6. is the demo of the recorded
close the link the camera will go to hibernate or idle mode parameters in every 60 seconds (can be changed). The website
after few minutes of no activity. is hosted on the global host, so it can be accessed from any
Thus the system proposed in the paper will measure part of the world, makes the monitoring of the patient easier.
and record the physiological parameters, and will send the
B. Alert Notifications
notification alert when the readings of sensors will cross the
designated threshold value for a patient. The threshold value The alert notifications is sent in two forms : Online no-
will be defined by doctor after thorough examination. Each tifications and Offline notifications. The Online notifications
patient will have their own account and their own set of will consist of e-mail alert and live video link. The Offline
physiological thresholds. The alert notification will we sent notification is SMS. Both the notifications will be sent to the
in the form of the e-mail, SMS and live video feed link, the registered doctor/caretaker.
demo of which will be discussed in section V. Note : Here, in order to show the demo of alert notifications
the threshold is lowered.
1) E-mail: The E-mail is sent using the IMAP (Internet Mutiple number of SMS can be sent at a time to show a
Message access Protocol) of G-mail at Port 587. The mailing strong presence of alert, which can be handled using SNS
uses the IMAP access to avoid spamming of mail and this service. E-mail and the mobile number of caretaker and
provides a high priority to the mail. Fig. 7. shows the sample