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U0 Aa3yos 903 ‘wopues ayy pur Semy ayy uodaog aouayeainbo 2x Bums uojsnpouo; pue dreaming ¢ ‘peo parentuaouos a {Jo anjes feurwow Fuisrauouy pur suoneanyweo yup szoddns was>jp 30} 1] BL pur snotsaud se soigeues Azzy sep yo uoteues sejedue ‘Buypprsuo> parnduto> Joypiny st aunyey Jo 4 z 5 oe sxqnems Fue yo sco wa2utP ams a pee Auger 5 6% S. Cheon and ble 10 solve the problem ive, the Hasofer_Lind igorthm using the Newton-Raphson root solving atthe MPP in U-space and the p 4, py = OB), where @ is the standard Gaussian CDF and pis the tl index defined by. and the failure probabil regard it isto be noted that involved are normally distributed. The non-normal variables ean be transformed t0 equivalent Gaussian random variables by applying suitable transformation. For ‘example, the Rackwitz-Fiessler method can be applied to obtain the equivalent ‘mean and standard deviation of the transformed normal variables as below, (a3) Appendix B: A Brief Note on the Possibility Theory The possibilty is an alternate approach tothe pr the uncertainties when the a ‘duced the theory of fuzzy sets asa basis for possibilty. Its based on the poss bility distribution defined by the mf obcained from the numerical data along with the expert knowledge and experience. A fuzzy set isa set containing the elements that have varying degrees of membership inthe set. The my describes the grade of ship to the fuzzy set for each element in the domain, varying from 2er0 to fone. Fora fuzzy set, the mfis defined as p(x) fora longs to the domain Xie, 1) wl2) = 0. is def DHE Xe) € (0.1 a member of the subset not a member of the subset. ‘A mf for a fuzzy variable F is desribed in Fig. 12. The core comprises those elements x of the universe such that 44x) = 1, the suppor comprises those ele- meals x of the universe such that six) > 0 and the boundaries comprise those elements x of the universe such that 1 > peGx) > 0. Boundary Boundary A convenient way to represe the fuzzy variables isthe Aistribution as described by the my. The 2-cut subsets of F are defined Fr={reXup2a} Sas (2) For th xcut level, Fig. 12 are given by jpper bound and the lower bound f* and f!/as depicted in f= minif is € F)ands’ Mf e Fa (63) For a given fuzzy variable, ifm sets of a-cuts are established for {quantities of the variable, an array of size 2 by a can be used to represent al of the ‘quantities asthe following FHLMC L 2. CL In} The possibility is also defined as a special case of the plausi which is used in the evidence theory. According to this defn of evidence about a set of events are nested, then the plaus reduces to the possibilty. On the other hand, if the body of the evidence consists of singletons, then the plausibility reduces 0 probability. The prop- enies of the possibilty, when itis defined as a special case of plait the properties of Zadeh’s possibilty are almost same. Based on this tation of possibility, Dubious and Prade [44] has shown that ly represented by a fuzzy number = tol) en And itis shown that the fuzzy number measures P for which the possibility and the necessity re bound and the lower bound of the probability of each event be uted to select a class of proba: upperoa Hy nu 9 18k 95 Seong “ames a9sv woh ua saudonta Can yy soxoureed Bonen (E861) 19 Une woe ost empon, yp pue wySn0s 3515 4a paurergo 0q wo (9) serge wou 7 88 "1 HOA LL yas Sussasse 30} ssod ayn °Z "ba Kq paquosop se (x)8 = 7 wsSseu Kayes W404, Ist] 089 pue euowas neues ap}duo> yu ssod 0 aunp2ooud aIp auHINO oY 49p0 UE aIoY Pouodas St YoU ams 9 pom ogee 6'. Chakraborty and P.C. Sam ‘obailistic entopy inthe 3 sing Heeite polyno