BASIC NETWORKING CONCEPT

BY: GYANANJAYA TRIPATHY

JAVA AND NET

 Java has certain advantages.

1. Platform independent
2. Support 16-bit Unicode for international character
JAVA NETWORKING CLASSES AND INTERFACES

 Three packages java.net, java.rmi and javax.mail

 First two are part of JVM and final one is

downloaded from Oracle website.
GETTING NETWORK INTERFACES
 A network interface is usually a Network Interface
Card (NIC)

 Systems often run with multiple network interfaces

such as wired Ethernet (802.3), WiFi (802.11 a/b/g),
Bluetooth (802.15.4) etc

 This class has no public constructor. However, it

has many static methods such as
getNetworkInterfaces(), getByInetAddress(),
getByName()
CONTINUE…
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
class GetNetworkInterfaces {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
Enumeration<NetworkInterface> intfs=NetworkInterface.
getNetworkInterfaces();
while(intfs.hasMoreElements()) {
NetworkInterface intf = intfs.nextElement();
System.out.println("\nInterface: "+intf.getName());
System.out.println("Display name: "+intf.getDisplayName());

}
}
}
CONTINUE
Interface: lo
Display name: Software Loopback Interface 1

Interface: eth3
Display name: Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller

Interface: net4
Display name: Atheros AR9285 802.11b/g/n WiFi Adapter
GETTING INTERFACE ADDRESSES
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
class GetInterfaceAddresses {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
System.setProperty("java.net.preferIPv4Stack","true");
Enumeration<NetworkInterface> intfs=NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
while(intfs.hasMoreElements()) {
NetworkInterface intf = intfs.nextElement();
Enumeration<InetAddress> addresses = intf.getInetAddresses();
if(addresses.hasMoreElements()) {
System.out.println("\nName: "+intf.getName());
System.out.println("Display name: "+intf.getDisplayName());
while(addresses.hasMoreElements()) {
InetAddress addr = addresses.nextElement();
System.out.println("Address: "+addr);

}
}
}
}
}
CONTINUE
Name: lo
Display name: Software Loopback Interface 1
Address: /127.0.0.1

Name: net4
Display name: Atheros AR9285 802.11b/g/n WiFi Adapter
Address: /192.168.43.77

Name: eth4
Display name: VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1
Address: /192.168.226.1

Name: eth5
Display name: VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8
Address: /192.168.40.1
HOSTNAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LOCAL
COMPUTER
import java.net.*;
class LocalHost {
public static void main (String args[]) throws
UnknownHostException {
InetAddress ia = InetAddress.getLocalHost();

System.out.println("Name : "+ia.getHostName());
System.out.println("Address : "+ia.getHostAddress());

}
}
CONTINUE
Name : UROY
Address : 192.168.226.1
GETTING INTERFACE PROPERTIES
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
class GetInterfaceParameters {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
NetworkInterface intf = NetworkInterface.getByName(args[0]);
System.out.println("\nName : "+intf.getName());
System.out.println("Display name : "+intf.getDisplayName());
System.out.println("Up : "+ intf.isUp());
System.out.println("Loopback : "+ intf.isLoopback());
System.out.println("PointToPoint : "+intf.isPointToPoint());
System.out.println("Supports multicast :"+intf.supportsMulticast());
System.out.println("Virtual : "+intf.isVirtual());
byte[] mac1 = intf.getHardwareAddress();
if(mac1 != null) {
System.out.print("Hardware Address : ");
for (int k = 0; k < mac1.length; k++)
System.out.format("%02X%s", mac1[k], (k < mac1.length - 1) ? "-" : "");
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println("MTU :"+intf.getMTU());
}
}
SAMPLE OUTPUT
Name : net4
Display name : Atheros AR9285 802.11b/g/n WiFi Adapter
Up : true
Loopback : false
PointToPoint : false
Supports multicast :true
Virtual : false
Hardware Address : D0-DF-9A-01-55-E6
MTU :1500
URL
 Uniform Resource Locator

 The URL class provides mechanisms to download web

resources to the client computer.

 It also has methods to retrieve different parts, such as

method, hostname, port etc. of a URL.

 The primary classes to access the Internet are the java.net.

URL class and the java.net.HttpURLConnection class
CREATING URL
 URL(String url)
 URL url = new URL("http://www.google.com");

 URL(URL baseURL, String relativeURL)

 URL url = new URL(new URL("https://plus.google.com"), "u/0/?
tab=wX");

 MalformedURLException for argument pass error.

 openStream() method returns an InputStream object which is
used to read data from HTTP socket.
URLCONNECTION
import java.util.*;
import java.net.*;
public class URLPropertiesDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
int c;
URL url = new URL(“http://www.google.com“);
URLConnection con = url.openConnection();
System.out.println("Content-type: " + con.getContentType());
System.out.println("Content Encoding: " + con.getContentEncoding());
System.out.println("Content-length: " + con.getContentLength());
System.out.println("Last-Modified: " + new Date(con.getLastModified()));
System.out.println("Date: " + new Date(con.getDate()));
System.out.println("Expires: " + con.getExpiration());
System.out.println("Connection Timeout: " + con.getConnectTimeout());
}
}
CONTINUE
HTTPURLCONNECTION
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.*;
public class HttpRedirectDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
URL url = new URL(args[0]);
HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
System.out.println("Request URL ... " + url);
int code = con.getResponseCode();
if((code != HTTP_OK) && (code == HTTP_MOVED_TEMP || code == HTTP_MOVED_PERM || code == HTTP_SEE_OTHER)) {
System.out.println("Response Code ... " + code);
URL newUrl = new URL(con.getHeaderField("Location"));
con = (HttpURLConnection) newUrl.openConnection();
System.out.println("Redirect to URL : " + newUrl);
}
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
String line;
StringBuffer htmlStr = new StringBuffer();
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) htmlStr.append(line);
in.close();
System.out.println("Content... \n" + htmlStr);
}
}