Cooling Load Capacity

Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Maragondon Branch
Maragondon, Cavite
COOLING LOAD CAPACITY

COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS FOR POBLACION 2-B BARANGAY HALL
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in
MEEN 3193 – Heat Transfer
Submitted by:
Gonzales, John Robert S.
Nolasco, Maverick John C.
BSME – IV
Submitted to:
Engr. Jhay Ahr C. Flores
March 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page …….…………………………………………………………………………………..i
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................... ii
Definition of Terms ........................................................................................................ 1
Estimation of Capacity of Air Conditioning Unit ......................................................... 3
1.0 Design Temperature ........................................................................................... 3
1.1 Design Temperature Difference ................................................................... 4
2.0 Materials and Thickness ..................................................................................... 4
FIRST FLOOR COOLING LOAD CAPACITY ................................................................. 5
3.0 Wall Surface Area for First Floor ......................................................................... 5
3.1 North Wall of First Floor ............................................................................... 5
3.2 West Wall of First Floor................................................................................ 6
3.3 South Wall of First Floor .............................................................................. 6
3.4 East Wall of First Floor................................................................................. 7
3.5 Windows of First Floor ................................................................................. 7
3.6 Door of First Floor ........................................................................................ 8
3.7 Flooring of First Floor ................................................................................... 8
3.8 Surface Area for First Floor .......................................................................... 9
4.0 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (U Factor) for First Floor ................................. 9
4.1 For North, East, West, South Walls ........................................................... 10
4.2 For Flooring ............................................................................................... 11
4.3 For Door .................................................................................................... 12
4.4 U-Factors for First Floor (Opaque Surfaces) .............................................. 13
5.0 Estimation of External Loads (First Floor) ......................................................... 14
ii
5.1 Heat Transfer through Opaque Surfaces ................................................... 14
5.1.1 For North Wall.................................................................................. 14
5.1.2 For West Wall .................................................................................. 14
5.1.3 For South Wall ................................................................................. 15
5.1.4 For East Wall ................................................................................... 15
5.1.5 For Door .......................................................................................... 15
5.1.6 For Flooring ..................................................................................... 15
5.1.7 Total Gain Load trough Opaque Surfaces ........................................ 16
5.2 Heat Transfer through Fenestration ........................................................... 16
5.2.1 For North Windows .......................................................................... 18
5.2.2 For West Window ............................................................................ 18
5.2.3 Total Heat Gain through Fenestration .............................................. 19
5.3 Heat Transfer due to Infiltration/Ventilation ......................................... 19
5.3.1 Sensible Heat Transfer Rate Due To Infiltration/Ventilation.............. 19
5.3.2 Latent Heat Transfer Rate Due To Infiltration/Ventilation ................. 21
5.3.3 Total Heat Gain due to Infiltration/Ventilation ................................... 22
6.0 Estimation of Internal Loads (First Floor) .......................................................... 22
6.1 Load due to Occupants .............................................................................. 22
6.1.1 Sensible Heat Gain of Occupants .................................................... 23
6.1.2 Latent Heat Gain of Occupants ........................................................ 24
6.1.3 Total Occupancy Heat Gain ............................................................. 24
6.2 Load due to Lighting .................................................................................. 24
6.3 Power Loads.............................................................................................. 26
6.4 Loads due to Appliances and Equipment ................................................... 27
7.0 Required Cooling Load Capacity (First Floor) ................................................... 27
iii
CONFERENCE ROOM (2ND FLOOR) COOLING LOAD CAPACITY ............................ 29
8.0 Wall Surface Area for Conference Room .......................................................... 29
8.1 Sun Effect for the Conference Room ......................................................... 29
8.2 West Wall of Conference Room ................................................................. 30
8.3 South Wall of Conference Room................................................................ 30
8.4 East Wall of Conference Room .................................................................. 31
8.5 Window of Conference Room .................................................................... 31
8.6 Ceiling/Roof of Conference Room ............................................................. 32
8.8 Surface Area for Conference Room ........................................................... 33
9.0 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (U Factor) for Conference Room .................. 33
9.1 For West, South, East Walls ...................................................................... 33
9.2 For Ceiling/Roof ......................................................................................... 34
9.3 U-Factors for Conference Room (Opaque Surfaces) ................................. 34
10.0 Estimation of External Loads (Conference Room) .......................................... 34
10.1 Heat Transfer through Opaque Surfaces ................................................. 34
10.1.1 For West Wall ................................................................................ 35
10.1.2 For South Wall ............................................................................... 35
10.1.3 For East Wall ................................................................................. 35
10.1.4 For Ceiling/Roof ............................................................................. 36
10.1.5 Total Heat Gain trough Opaque Surfaces ...................................... 36
10.2 Heat Transfer through Fenestration ......................................................... 36
10.3 Heat Transfer due to Infiltration/Ventilation .............................................. 37
10.3.1 Sensible Heat Transfer Rate Due To Infiltration/Ventilation ............ 38
10.3.2 Latent Heat Transfer Rate Due To Infiltration/Ventilation ............... 40
10.3.3 Total Heat Gain due to Infiltration/Ventilation ................................. 40
iv
11.0 Estimation of Internal Loads (Conference Room) ........................................... 41
11.1 Load due to Occupants ............................................................................ 41
11.1.1 Sensible Heat Gain of Occupants .................................................. 41
11.1.2 Latent Heat Gain of Occupants ...................................................... 42
11.1.3 Total Occupancy Heat Gain ........................................................... 42
11.2 Load due to Lighting ................................................................................ 42
11.3 Power Loads............................................................................................ 44
11.4 Loads due to Appliances and Equipment ................................................. 45
12.0 Required Cooling Load Capacity (Conference Room) .................................... 45
OFFICE OF THE PUNONG BARANGAY (2ND FLOOR) COOLING LOAD CAPACITY 47
13.0 Wall Surface Area for Office of the Punong Barangay .................................... 47
13.1 Sun Effect for the Office of the Punong Barangay .................................... 47
13.2 West Wall of Office of the Punong Barangay ........................................... 48
13.3 North Wall of Office of the Punong Barangay ........................................... 48
13.4 Window of Office of the Punong Barangay............................................... 49
13.5 Ceiling/Roof of Office of the Punong Barangay ........................................ 49
13.6 Surface Area for Office of the Punong Barangay ..................................... 50
14.0 U-Factor for Office of the Punong Barangay ................................................... 50
14.1 For West, South, East Walls .................................................................... 51
14.2 For Ceiling/Roof ....................................................................................... 51
14.3 U-Factors for Office of the Punong Barangay (Opaque Surfaces) ............ 51
15.0 Estimation of External Loads (Office of the Punong Barangay) ....................... 51
15.1 Heat Transfer through Opaque Surfaces ................................................. 51
15.1.1 For West Wall ................................................................................ 52
15.1.2 For North Wall................................................................................ 52
v
15.1.3 For Ceiling/Roof ............................................................................. 52
15.1.4 Total Heat Gain trough Opaque Surfaces ...................................... 53
15.2 Heat Transfer through Fenestration ......................................................... 53
15.3 Heat Transfer due to Infiltration/Ventilation .............................................. 54
15.3.1 Sensible Heat Transfer Rate Due To Infiltration/Ventilation ............ 54
15.3.2 Latent Heat Transfer Rate Due To Infiltration/Ventilation ............... 57
15.3.3 Total Heat Gain due to Infiltration/Ventilation ................................. 57
16.0 Estimation of Internal Loads (Office of the Punong Barangay) ........................ 58
16.1 Load due to Occupants ............................................................................ 58
16.1.1 Sensible Heat Gain of Occupants .................................................. 58
16.1.2 Latent Heat Gain of Occupants ...................................................... 59
16.1.3 Total Occupancy Heat Gain ........................................................... 59
16.2 Load due to Lighting ................................................................................ 59
16.3 Power Loads............................................................................................ 61
16.4 Loads due to Appliances and Equipment ................................................. 62
17.0 Required Cooling Load Capacity (Office of the Punong Barangay) ................. 62
References ................................................................................................................... 64
Appendices .................................................................................................................. 65
vi
1
Definition of Terms
Used terms relative to heat transmission and load calculations are defined below
in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 12-75, Refrigeration Terms and Definitions.
Space – is either a volume or a site without a partition or a partitioned room or group of
rooms.
Room – is an enclosed or partitioned space that is usually treated as single load.
British thermal unit (Btu) – is the approximate heat required to raise 1 lb. of water 1 deg
Fahrenheit, from 59°F to 60°F. Air conditioners are rated by the number of British Thermal
Units (Btu) of heat they can remove per hour. Another common rating term for air
conditioning size is the “ton,” which is 12,000 Btu per hour and Watts. Some countries
utilize one unit, more than the others and therefore it is good if you can remember the
relationship between Btu/hr, Ton, and Watts.
 1 ton is equivalent 12,000 BTU/hr. and
 12,000 BTU/hr is equivalent to 3,516 Watts- or 3.516 kW (kilo-Watts).
Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD) – an equivalent temperature difference
used for calculating the instantaneous external cooling load across a wall or roof.
Sensible Heat Gain – is the energy added to the space by conduction, convection and/or
radiation.
Latent Heat Gain – is the energy added to the space when moisture is added to the space
by means of vapor emitted by the occupants, generated by a process or through air
infiltration from outside or adjacent areas.
Temperature, Dry Bulb – is the temperature of air indicated by a regular thermometer.
Thermal Transmittance or Heat Transfer Coefficient (U-factor) – is the rate of heat
flow through a unit area of building envelope material or assembly, including boundary
2
films, per unit of temperature difference between the inside and outside air. The U-factor
is expressed in Btu/ (hr °F ft2).
Thermal Resistance (R) – is the reciprocal of a heat transfer coefficient and is expressed
in ((hr °F ft2)/Btu. For example, a wall with a U-value of 0.25 would have a resistance value
of R=1/U=1/0.25=4.0. The value of R is also used to represent Thermal Resistivity, the
reciprocal of the thermal conductivity.
Cooling Load – is the rate at which sensible and latent heat must be removed from the
space to maintain a constant space dry-bulb, air temperature and humidity. Sensible heat
into the space causes its temperature to rise while latent heat is associated with the rise
of the moisture constant in the space. The building design, internal equipment, occupants
and outdoor weather conditions may affect cooling load in a building using different heat
transfer mechanisms.
Wall Gain Load – sometimes called the wall leakage load, is a measure of the heat which
leaks through the walls of the air-conditioned space from the outside to the inside. Since
there is no perfect insulation there is always a certain amount of heat passing from the
outside to the inside whenever the inside temperature is below of that on the outside.
Air Change Load – when the door of an air-conditioned space is opened, warm outside
air enters the space to replace the more dense cold air which is lost from the air-
conditioned space through the open door. This part of the cooling load is the air change
load.
Miscellaneous Load – sometimes referred to a supplementary load, takes into account
all miscellaneous sources of heat. Chief among these are people working in or otherwise
occupying the air-conditioned space along with lights and other electrical equipment
operating inside the space.

3
Estimation of Capacity of Air Conditioning Unit
(Barangay Hall, Poblacion 2-B, Maragondon, Cavite)
1.0 Design Temperature
In making an estimation of finding the capacity of air conditioning unit to be installed
in a specific building, factors such as temperature of the surrounding must be considered
the table below represents the peak temperature for the span of 10 years:
Maximum Maximum
Year Temperature Relative
Humidity
o
C o
F (%)
2009 30 86 88
2010 31 87.8 84
2011 31 87.8 83
2012 32 89.6 84
2013 33 91.4 83
2014 33 91.4 83
2015 33 91.4 80
2016 33 91.4 84
2017 33 91.4 80
2018 33 91.4 84
Table 1. Maximum Temperature, Maragondon, Cavite (2009-2018)

Source: World Weather Online. “Max, Min, and Average Temperature (°C)”.
Maragondon Weather History. Accessed March 13, 2019.
https://www.worldweatheronline.com/maragondon-weather-averages/cavite/ph.aspx
Considering the peak temperature 91.4 oF (33 oC) for the surrounding temperature
where the room is exposed to. The desired temperature from the range of 67 oF – 82 oF
from ASHRAE Standard 55-2013, using 72.5 oF (22.5 oC) which is ideal room temperature.
4
1.1 Design Temperature Difference
Design temperature difference differs in each surfaces by taking consideration of
the solar radiation. A cooling factor or allowance for solar radiation (ASR) is considered to
be added to the difference of the outdoor maximum temperature (OMT) and indoor desired
temperature (IDT) in order to determine the design temperature difference, in equation
form:
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = (𝑂𝑀𝑇 − 𝐼𝐷𝑇) + 𝐴𝑆𝑅
Outdoor Indoor Design

Allowance
Maximum Desired Temperature
Surface Solar
Temperature Temperature Difference
Radiation (oF)
(oF) (oF) (oF)
N. Wall 91.4 72.5 2 20.9
E. Wall 91.4 72.5 4 22.9
W. Wall 91.4 72.5 4 22.9
S. Wall 91.4 72.5 2 20.9
Ceiling/Roof 91.4 72.5 9 27.9
Flooring 91.4 72.5 0 18.9
Table 2. Design Temperature Difference
2.0 Materials and Thickness
Materials
Walls (North, East, West, and South) 4.33” concrete block, sand aggregate with 0.835”
cement plaster
Floor (1st floor & 2nd floor) 6” concrete lightweight aggregate with ¼” linoleum
tile
Windows (1st floor & 2nd floor) 0.25” single glaze clear glass with operable
aluminum frame
Door (1st floor & 2nd floor) 2” oak wood
0.385” Gypsum wall, 2”x4” wood rafter, 26 gauge
Ceiling/Roof
metal panel
Table 3. Materials and Thickness

5
FIRST FLOOR COOLING LOAD CAPACITY
3.0 Wall Surface Area for First Floor
Figure 1. Dimensions for First Floor
3.1 North Wall of First Floor
Figure 2. North Wall Dimensions (First Floor)
𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (𝐿 × ℎ) − 2(𝑊𝑤 × ℎ𝑤 ) − (𝑊𝑑 × ℎ𝑑 )
𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (188.928𝑖𝑛 × 106.272𝑖𝑛) − 2(39.36𝑖𝑛 × 39.36𝑖𝑛) − (31.488𝑖𝑛 × 78.72𝑖𝑛)
2
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 14500.60𝑖𝑛 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝑨𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝒇𝒕𝟐

6
3.2 West Wall of First Floor
Figure 3. West Wall Dimensions (First Floor)
𝐴𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (𝐿 × ℎ) − (𝑊𝑤 × ℎ𝑤 )

𝐴𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (118.08𝑖𝑛 × 106.272𝑖𝑛) − (39.36𝑖𝑛 × 39.36𝑖𝑛)
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 10999.39𝑖𝑛2 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝑨𝒘𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍 = 𝟕𝟔. 𝟑𝟖𝟓𝒇𝒕𝟐
3.3 South Wall of First Floor
Figure 4. South Wall Dimensions (First Floor)
𝐴𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (𝐿 × ℎ)
𝐴𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (188.928𝑖𝑛 × 106.272𝑖𝑛)
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 20077.76𝑖𝑛2 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝑨𝒔𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗. 𝟒𝟑𝒇𝒕𝟐
7
3.4 East Wall of First Floor
Figure 5. East Wall Dimensions (First Floor)
𝐴𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (𝐿 × ℎ)
𝐴𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (118.08𝑖𝑛 × 106.272𝑖𝑛)
2
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 19987.64𝑖𝑛 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝑨𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍 = 𝟏𝟑𝟖. 𝟖𝟎𝒇𝒕𝟐
3.5 Windows of First Floor
Figure 6. Window Surface Area (First Floor)
𝐴𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑤 = (𝑊𝑤 × ℎ𝑤 )
𝐴𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑤 = (39.36𝑖𝑛 × 39.36𝑖𝑛)
2
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑤 = 1549.21𝑖𝑛 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝑨𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒐𝒘 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟔𝒇𝒕𝟐
8
3.6 Door of First Floor
Figure 7. Door Surface Area (First Floor)
𝐴𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = (𝑊𝑑 × ℎ𝑑 )
𝐴𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = (31.488𝑖𝑛 × 78.72𝑖𝑛)
2
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = 2478.74𝑖𝑛 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝑨𝒅𝒐𝒐𝒓 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟐𝟏𝒇𝒕𝟐
3.7 Flooring of First Floor
Figure 8. Flooring Surface Area (First Floor)

𝐴𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = (𝐿 × 𝑊)
𝐴𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = (188.928𝑖𝑛 × 118.08𝑖𝑛)
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 22308.62𝑖𝑛2 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝑨𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝟏𝟓𝟒. 𝟗𝟐𝒇𝒕𝟐
9
Where:
𝐿 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙/𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟

𝑊 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙/𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟
𝐻 = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝑊𝑤 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑤
ℎ𝑤 = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑤
𝑊𝑑 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟
ℎ𝑑 = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟
3.8 Surface Area for First Floor
Surface Area (𝑓𝑡 2 )
North wall 100.7
West wall 76.385
South wall 139.43
East wall 138.80
Windows 10.76
Door 17.21
Flooring 154.92
Table 4. List of Surface Area for First Floor
4.0 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (U Factor) for First Floor
1
𝑈=
𝑅𝑇
1
𝑈=
1 𝑥1 𝑥2 1
+ + +
ℎ𝑖 𝑘1 𝑘2 ℎ𝑜
10
4.1 For North, East, West, South Walls
Table 5. Thermal Properties of Building Materials (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals,
2009)
𝐵𝑡𝑢 − 𝑖𝑛
𝑘𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 5.0
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 = 10 𝑡𝑜 20
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝑊𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟, 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 = 15
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
Table 6. Surface Conductance and Resistance of Air (ASHRAE Handbook-
Fundamentals, 2009)
11
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑖 = 1.46
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑜 = 4.0
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
For 4.33” concrete block, sand aggregate, with 0.835” cement plaster substitute
the values we get from above tables, to solve for the 𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 .
1
𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
1 𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 1
+ + +
ℎ𝑖 𝑘𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑜
1
𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
1 0.835𝑖𝑛 4.33𝑖𝑛 1
𝐵𝑡𝑢 + 𝐵𝑡𝑢 − 𝑖𝑛 + 𝐵𝑡𝑢 − 𝑖𝑛 + 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1.46 5.0 15 4.0
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡2 − 𝐹 ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡2 − 𝐹 ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡2 − 𝐹 ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡2 − 𝐹
𝑩𝒕𝒖
𝑼𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝟗
𝒉𝒓 − 𝒇𝒕𝟐 − 𝑭
4.2 For Flooring
Table 7. R-Values for Flooring (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009)

12
Through interpolation we can get:
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 = 1.79
𝐵𝑡𝑢
For finishing material ¼ in linoleum tile
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝑅𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 = 0.51
𝐵𝑡𝑢
See Table 5 for the conductivity value of sand aggregate.
𝑘𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 5.0
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
For 6” concrete lightweight aggregate substitute the values from above to solve for
𝑈𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 .
1
𝑈𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 + 𝑅𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 +
𝑘𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟
1
𝑈𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2
−𝐹 ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹 0.5𝑖𝑛
1.79 𝐵𝑡𝑢 + 0.51 𝐵𝑡𝑢 + 𝐵𝑡𝑢 − 𝑖𝑛
5.0
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝑩𝒕𝒖
𝑼𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐
4.3 For Door
For values of ℎ𝑖 and ℎ𝑜 see Table 6. Surface Conductance for Walls (ASHRAE
Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009).
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑖 = 1.46
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑜 = 4.0
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
13
Table 8. Thermal Conductivity for Door (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009)
𝐵𝑡𝑢. 𝑖𝑛
𝑘𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = 1.185
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
For 3” oak wood substitute the values from above to solve for 𝑈𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 .
1
𝑈𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 =
1 𝑥𝑜𝑎𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 1
+ +
ℎ𝑖 𝑘𝑜𝑎𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑜
1
𝑈𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 =
1 3𝑖𝑛 1
𝐵𝑡𝑢 + 𝐵𝑡𝑢. 𝑖𝑛 + 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1.46 2 1.185 2 4.0
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 − 𝐹 ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 − 𝐹 ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝑩𝒕𝒖
𝑼𝒅𝒐𝒐𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗
4.4 U-Factors for First Floor (Opaque Surfaces)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
U-Factor (ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 2 −𝐹)
Walls 0.719
Flooring 0.42
Door 0.29
Table 9. Lists of U-Factor for Opaque Surfaces

14
5.0 Estimation of External Loads (First Floor)
5.1 Heat Transfer through Opaque Surfaces
This is a sensible heat transfer process. The heat transfer rate through opaque
surfaces such as walls, roof, floor, doors etc.
𝑄𝑜𝑝𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒 = 𝑈. 𝐴. 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷
Where
𝑈 = 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐴 = ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 (see Table 4)
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 = 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 (see Table 2)
5.1.1 For North Wall
𝑄𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (0.719 ) . (100.7𝑓𝑡 2 ). (20.9℉)
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 1502.71
ℎ𝑟
5.1.2 For West Wall
𝑄𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐴𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (0.719 ) . (76.385𝑓𝑡 2 ). (22.9℉)
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 1257.69
ℎ𝑟
15
5.1.3 For South Wall
𝑄𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐴𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (0.719 ) . (139.43𝑓𝑡 2 ). (20.9℉)
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 2095.23
ℎ𝑟
5.1.4 For East Wall
𝑄𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐴𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (0.719 ) . (138.80𝑓𝑡 2 ). (22.9℉)
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 2285.36
ℎ𝑟
5.1.5 For Door
𝑄𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = 𝑈𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 . 𝐴𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 . 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟/𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = (0.29 ) . (17.21𝑓𝑡 2 ). (20.9℉)
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 = 104.31 ℎ𝑟
5.1.6 For Flooring
𝑄𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑈𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 . 𝐴𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 . 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = (0.42 ) . (154.92𝑓𝑡 2 ). (18.9℉)
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 1229.75 ℎ𝑟
16
5.1.7 Total Gain Load trough Opaque Surfaces
Opaque Surfaces 𝐵𝑡𝑢

Gain Load ( ℎ𝑟 )
North wall 1502.71

West wall 1257.69
South wall 2095.23
East wall 2285.36
Door 104.31
Flooring 1229.75
Total Gain Load: 8475.05
Table 10. Total Gain Load through Opaque Surfaces
5.2 Heat Transfer through Fenestration
Heat transfer through transparent surface such as window, includes heat transfer
by conduction due to temperature difference across the window and heat transfer due to
solar radiation through the window.
𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 𝐴𝑢𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 . 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 . 𝑆𝐶. 𝐶𝐿𝐹
Where
𝐴𝑢𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 10.76𝑓𝑡 2 (see Table 4)
𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑆𝐶 = 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐶𝐿𝐹 = 𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

17
Solar Heat Gain Factor (SHGF)
Table 11. Solar Heat Gain Factors (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals)

𝑩𝒕𝒖
SHGF for North Windows = 𝟕𝟏𝟐
𝒇𝒕𝟐 −𝒅𝒂𝒚
𝑩𝒕𝒖
SHGF for West Windows = 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟖 𝒇𝒕𝟐−𝒅𝒂𝒚
Shading Coefficient (SC)
Table 12. Fenestration Characteristics (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009)
The material for windows are single glaze clear glass with operable aluminum
frame. For approximate value of SC we need to use the formula 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐶 = 𝑆𝐶 × 0.87; 0.75 =
𝑆𝐶 × 0.87. So we can use a value of 𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑪𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔 (EWC, 2011).

18
Cooling Load Factor (CLF)
Table 13. Cooling Load Factor (CLF) for glass with interior shading and located in north
latitudes (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals)
CLF for North Wall = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟐
CLF for West Wall = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟐
5.2.1 For North Windows
Considering 2 windows for north wall:
𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 𝐴𝑢𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 . 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 . 𝑆𝐶. 𝐶𝐿𝐹. 2
𝐵𝑡𝑢 1𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = (10.76𝑓𝑡 2 )(712 𝑓𝑡 2 −𝑑𝑎𝑦 × 24ℎ𝑟𝑠)(0.86)(0.82)(2)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 450.22 ℎ𝑟
5.2.2 For West Window
𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = (10.76𝑓𝑡 2 )(1048 × )(0.86)(0.76)
𝑓𝑡 2 −𝑑𝑎𝑦 24ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝐵𝑡𝑢
19
5.2.3 Total Heat Gain through Fenestration
Transparent Surfaces 𝐵𝑡𝑢

Heat Gain ( ℎ𝑟 )
North Windows 450.22

West Window 307.09
Total Heat Gain: 757.31
Table 14. Total Heat Gain through Transparent Fenestration Surfaces
5.3 Heat Transfer due to Infiltration/Ventilation
Heat transfer due to infiltration consists of both sensible as well as latent
components.
5.3.1 Sensible Heat Transfer Rate Due To Infiltration/Ventilation
𝑄𝑠,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = 𝐶𝑠 𝑄𝑠 (𝑇𝑜 − 𝑇𝑖 )
Where
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶𝑠 = 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 1.1
ℎ𝑟. 𝑓𝑡 3 . ℉
𝑄𝑆 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑐𝑓𝑚)
𝑇𝑜 = 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑏 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 91.4℉
𝑇𝑖 = 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑏 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 72.5℉
Infiltration/Ventilation Rate by Air Change Method
𝑉
𝑄𝑆 = (𝐴𝐶𝐻). (𝑐𝑓𝑚)
3600
Where
𝐴𝐶𝐻 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
𝑉 = 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 (𝑓𝑡 3 )

20
Table 15. Air Change per Hour (Flow Tech Inc., 2019)
We use, 𝐴𝐶𝐻 = 6 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
Figure 9. Length, Width and Height for First Floor

𝑉 = 𝐿×𝑊×ℎ
𝑉 = 188.928𝑖𝑛 × 118.08𝑖𝑛 × 106.272𝑖𝑛
1𝑓𝑡 3
𝑉 = 2370781.478𝑖𝑛3 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝑉 = 1371.98𝑓𝑡 3
Substitute the values of ACH and volume to get the infiltration rate:
𝑉
𝑄𝑠 = (𝐴𝐶𝐻). 3600
1371.98𝑓𝑡 3
𝑄𝑠 = (6 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟).
3600
𝑓𝑡 3 60𝑠
𝑄𝑠 = 2.286 × = 137 𝑐𝑓𝑚
𝑠 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
21
Now we can get the sensible heat gain through infiltration,
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑠,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = (1.1 ) (137𝑐𝑓𝑚)(91.4 − 72.5)℉
ℎ𝑟. 𝑐𝑓𝑚. ℉
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑠,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = 2848.23
ℎ𝑟
5.3.2 Latent Heat Transfer Rate Due To Infiltration/Ventilation
𝑄𝑙,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = 𝐶𝑙 𝑄𝑠 (𝑊𝑜 − 𝑊𝑖 )
Where
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶𝑙 = 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 4840
ℎ𝑟. 𝑐𝑓𝑚
𝑄𝑠 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 137 𝑐𝑓𝑚
𝑊𝑜 = 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 91.4℉
𝑊𝑖 = 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 72.5℉
Table 16. Humidity Ratio (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009)

22
Through interpolation we can get the outdoor and indoor humidity ratio from Table 13.
𝑊𝑜 = 0.0326814
𝑊𝑖 = 0.0172785
Now we can get the latent heat gain through infiltration,
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑙,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = (4840 ) (137𝑐𝑓𝑚)(0.0326814 − 0.0172785)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑙,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = 10213.35
ℎ𝑟
5.3.3 Total Heat Gain due to Infiltration/Ventilation
𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑓/𝑣𝑒𝑛 = 𝑄𝑠,𝑖𝑛𝑓 + 𝑄𝑙,𝑖𝑛𝑓
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑓/𝑣𝑒𝑛 = 2848.23 + 10213.35
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑓/𝑣𝑒𝑛 = 13061.58 ℎ𝑟
6.0 Estimation of Internal Loads (First Floor)
6.1 Load due to Occupants
The internal cooling load due to occupants consists of both sensible and latent
heat components. The full design capacity of the first floor is 12 persons. 10 are assumed
seated with very light work and the other 2 are moderately active in office work.
23
6.1.1 Sensible Heat Gain of Occupants
𝑄𝑠,𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = (𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒)(𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡/𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛)(𝐶𝐿𝐹)
CLF for people is a function of the time people spending in the conditioned space,
and the time elapsed since first entering. CLF is equal to 1 if the space temperature is not
maintained constant during the 24-hour period.
Table 17. Heat of Human Beings (ASHRAE-Handbook Fundamentals, 2009)
The full design capacity of the first floor is 12 persons. 10 are assumed seated with
very light work and the other 2 are moderately active in office work. The average sensible
heat we used is 247.5 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟.
Now we can get the sensible heat of occupants,
𝑄𝑠,𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = (12)(247.5 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟)(1)
𝑄𝑠,𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 2970 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟

24
6.1.2 Latent Heat Gain of Occupants
Since the latent heat gain from the occupants is instantaneous the CLF for latent
heat gain is 1.0, thus the latent
𝑄𝑙,𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = (𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒)(𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡/𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛)
The average latent heat we used referring to Table 14 is 177.5 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟.
𝑄𝑙,𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = (12)(177 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟)
𝑄𝑙,𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 2124 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟
6.1.3 Total Occupancy Heat Gain
𝑄 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 𝑄𝑠,𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 + 𝑄𝑙,𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑄 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 2910 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 + 2124 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟
𝑄 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 5034 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟
6.2 Load due to Lighting
Lighting adds sensible heat to the conditioned space. Since the heat transferred
from the lighting system consists of both radiation and convection.
𝑄𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 3.41. 𝑊. 𝐹𝑢𝑙 . 𝐹𝑠𝑎 . 𝑆𝐹

25
Where
𝑊 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝐹𝑢𝑙 = 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝐹𝑠𝑎 = 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑆𝐹 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
3.41 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
Lighting Usage Factor
The lighting usage factor is the ratio of wattage in use, for conditions under which
the load estimate is being made, to total installed wattage. For commercial applications
such as stores, the use factor is generally 1.0 (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009).
Special Allowance Factor
The special allowance factor takes into account the heat from ballasts. This factor
is typically 1.2 for fluorescent lights and 1.0 for incandescent lights due to the lack of
ballasts in incandescent lights (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009).
Space Fraction
Table 18. Lighting Heat Gain Parameters (ASHRAE-Handbook Fundamentals, 2009)

26
The first floor has one recessed fluorescent luminaire and has 40𝑊 wattage. Now
we can get the load due to lighting.
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 3.41 ℎ𝑟 . (40𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠)(1)(1.2)(0.69)
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 112.94
ℎ𝑟
6.3 Power Loads
Instantaneous sensible heat gain from equipment operated by electric motors such
as fans in a conditioned space is calculated as
𝑃
𝑄𝑒𝑚 = 2545. ( ) . (𝐹𝑈 ). (𝐹𝐿 )
𝐸𝑀
Where
𝑄𝑒𝑚 = ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ℎ

𝑃 = 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔, ℎ𝑝
𝐸𝑀 = 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦, 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 < 1.0
𝐹𝑈𝑀 = 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 1.0 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 < 1.0
𝐹𝐿𝑀 = 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 1.0 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 < 1.0
2545 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ℎ. ℎ𝑝
Electric Motor Input Rating (hp)

1 Orbit Fan 0.054
Total Power 0.054
Table 19. Input Rating of Electric Motor
Now we can get the power load
𝐵𝑡𝑢/ℎ 0.054ℎ𝑝
𝑄𝑒𝑚 = 2545 .( ) . (1). (1)
ℎ𝑝 0.45
𝑄𝑒𝑚 = 305.4𝐵𝑡𝑢/ℎ𝑟
27
6.4 Loads due to Appliances and Equipment
For appliances and equipment such as televisions, computers, printers etc., the
load is in the form of sensible heat transfer and is estimated based on the rated power
consumption.
Load Rated Power Consumption (W)
1 Water cooler, 32 qt/h 350
1 LED Television 40
1 Laptop 2 GB RAM, 17 in. screen 36
12 Mobile phones (6 watts each) 72
Total Power Consumption 498
Table 20. Power Consumption of Appliances
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 = 498𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠 × 3.41 ℎ𝑟
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 = 1698.18
ℎ𝑟
7.0 Required Cooling Load Capacity (First Floor)
The total building load consists of heat transferred through the envelope (walls,
roof, floor, windows, doors etc.) and heat generated by occupants, equipment, and lights.
The total heat load is needed to be cooled by the air-conditioner. It is needed to be able
to choose the proper size of an air-conditioner for the first floor of Barangay Hall of
Poblacion 2-B, Maragondon, Cavite.
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 + 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠

28
External Loads Heat Load (Btu/hr)
Total Heat Gain through Opaque Surfaces 8475.05
Total Heat Gain through Fenestration 757.31

Total Heat Gain due to
13061.58
Infiltration/Ventilation
Internal Loads
Total Occupancy Heat Gain 5034
Load due to Lighting 112.94
Power Loads 305.4
Loads due to Appliances and Equipment 1698.18
Total Heat Load: 29444.46
Table 21. Total Heat Load for First Floor
The selection of air-conditioner for the first floor of Barangay Hall varies from the
required cooling load. The total heat load needs to convert to horsepower in order to select
appropriate size of air conditioner. The air conditioner is assumed to be 8 hours in
operation.
𝐵𝑡𝑢 8 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 29444.46 ×
ℎ𝑟 24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
𝐵𝑡𝑢 1𝑇𝑅
ℎ𝑟 12000 𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑟
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 0.818 𝑅𝑇
An 1 𝑇𝑅 Air conditioner can remove the heat per hour from the 1st floor of the
Barangay Hall of Brgy. Poblacion 2-B because the capacity of the air conditioner must be
greater than the required cooling load.

29
CONFERENCE ROOM (2ND FLOOR) COOLING LOAD CAPACITY
8.0 Wall Surface Area for Conference Room
Figure 10. Dimensions for Conference Room
8.1 Sun Effect for the Conference Room
We consider the room is not affected on sunlight at all directions because of the
partitions, see the figure below for the sun effect directions.
Figure 11. Sun Effect for Conference Room

30
8.2 West Wall of Conference Room
Figure 12. West Wall Dimensions (Conference Room)
2
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 14350.144𝑖𝑛 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 99.65𝑓𝑡 2
8.3 South Wall of Conference Room
Figure 13. South Wall Dimensions (Conference Room)

𝐴𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (𝐿 × ℎ)
𝐴𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (188.928𝑖𝑛 × 106.272𝑖𝑛)
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 20077.76𝑖𝑛2 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 139.43𝑓𝑡 2

31
8.4 East Wall of Conference Room
Figure 14. East Wall Dimensions (Conference Room)
𝐴𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (𝐿 × ℎ)
𝐴𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (149.61𝑖𝑛 × 106.272𝑖𝑛)
2
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 15899.35𝑖𝑛 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 110.41𝑓𝑡 2
8.5 Window of Conference Room
Figure 15. Window Surface Area (Conference Room)
𝐴𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑤 = (39.36𝑖𝑛 × 39.36𝑖𝑛)
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑤 = 1549.21𝑖𝑛2 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑤 = 10.76𝑓𝑡 2
32
8.6 Ceiling/Roof of Conference Room
Figure 16. Ceiling Surface Area (Conference Room)
𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = (𝐿 × 𝑊)
𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = (188.928𝑖𝑛 × 149.61𝑖𝑛)
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 28265.52𝑖𝑛2 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 196.29𝑓𝑡 2
Where:
𝐿 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙/𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓
𝑊 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙/𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓

33
8.7 Surface Area for Conference Room
West wall 99.65
South wall 139.43
East wall 110.41
Windows 10.76
Ceiling/Roof 196.29
Table 22. List of Surface Area for Conference Room
9.0 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (U Factor) for Conference Room
𝑈 = 1/𝑅
1
𝑈=
1 𝑥1 𝑥2 1
+ + +
9.1 For West, South, East Walls
The materials, thickness, and surface conductance for the 1st floor walls are the
same with the conference room at 2nd floor. So the 𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 of 1st floor is the same as the
conference room.
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.719
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
34
9.2 For Ceiling/Roof
Table 23. Ceiling and Roof Materials
1
𝑈𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 =
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − ℉
3.48 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑈𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 0.287
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
9.3 U-Factors for Conference Room (Opaque Surfaces)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
U-Factor ( )
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 2 −𝐹
Walls 0.719
Ceiling/Roof 0.287
10.0 Estimation of External Loads (Conference Room)
35
Where
10.1.1 For West Wall
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (0.719 ) . (76.385𝑓𝑡 2 ). (22.9℉)
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑟
10.1.2 For South Wall
𝑄𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐴𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (0.719 ) . (99.65𝑓𝑡 2 ). (20.9℉)
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 1497.45
ℎ𝑟
10.1.3 For East Wall
𝑄𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐴𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (0.719 ) . (110.41𝑓𝑡 2 ). (22.9℉)
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 2285.36
ℎ𝑟
36
10.1.4 For Ceiling/Roof
𝑄𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 𝑈𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 . 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 . 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = (0.287 ) . (196.29𝑓𝑡 2 ). (27.9℉)
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 1571.75
ℎ𝑟
10.1.5 Total Heat Gain trough Opaque Surfaces
Opaque Surfaces
𝐵𝑡𝑢
Heat Gain ( )
ℎ𝑟
West wall 1257.69

South wall 1497.45
East wall 2285.36
Ceiling/Roof 1571.75
Table 25. Total Heat Gain through Opaque Surfaces
Where

37
See Table 11 for the value of Solar Heat Gain Factor (SHGF) at windows facing
towards west.
𝐵𝑡𝑢
SHGF for West Windows = 1048
𝑓𝑡 2 −𝑑𝑎𝑦
The materials, thickness and type of glass windows used in the conference room
are the same as the windows in the first floor. So 𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑪𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔.
See Table 13 for the value of Cooling Load Factor (CLF) when the direction the
sunlit window is facing is west at 15 h solar time. So CLF for West Wall = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟐
Now we can get the heat gain through fenestration on the window
𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 10.76𝑓𝑡 2 . (1048 × ) . (0.86). (0.72)
𝑓𝑡 2− 𝑑𝑎𝑦 24ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝐵𝑡𝑢
components.
38
Where
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑟. 𝑓𝑡 3 . ℉
𝑉
3600
Where

39
Figure 17. Length, Width and Height for Conference Room
𝑉 = 188.928𝑖𝑛 × 149.61𝑖𝑛 × 106.272𝑖𝑛
1𝑓𝑡 3
3
𝑉 = 3003883.137𝑖𝑛 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝑉 = 1738.329𝑓𝑡 3
𝑉
𝑄𝑠 = (𝐴𝐶𝐻). 3600
1738.329𝑓𝑡 3
3600
𝑓𝑡 3 60𝑠
𝑄𝑠 = 3.86 × = 231.7 𝑐𝑓𝑚
𝑠 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑠,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = (1.1 ) (231.7𝑐𝑓𝑚)(91.4 − 72.5)℉
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑠,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = 4817.043
ℎ𝑟
40
Where
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑠 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 231.7 𝑐𝑓𝑚
𝑊𝑜 = 0.0326814
𝑊𝑖 = 0.0172785
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑙,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = (4840 ) (231.7𝑐𝑓𝑚)(0.0326814 − 0.0172785)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑙,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = 17273.24
ℎ𝑟
𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑓/𝑣𝑒𝑛 = 4817.043 + 17273.24
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑓/𝑣𝑒𝑛 = 22090.283 ℎ𝑟
41
11.0 Estimation of Internal Loads (Conference Room)
heat components. The full design capacity of the conference room is 18 persons. 10 are
assumed seated with very light work and the other 8 are moderately active in office work.
Refer to Table 17 for the values of sensible and latent heat given off by the
humans. The full design capacity of the first floor is 18 persons. 10 are assumed seated
with very light work and the other 2 are moderately active in office work. The average
sensible heat we used is 247.5 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟.

42
𝑄𝑙,𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = (18)(177 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟)

43
Where

Space Fraction
Refer to Table 18 for space fraction for recessed fluorescent luminaire. The first
floor has two recessed fluorescent luminaire and has 40𝑊 wattage each.
Now we can get the load due to lightings.
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑟
44
11.3 Power Loads
𝑃
𝑄𝑒𝑚 = 2545. ( ) . (𝐹𝑈 ). (𝐹𝐿 )
𝐸𝑀
Where
2 Stand fan 0.1
Total Power 0.1
Table 25. Input Rating of Electric Motor at Conference Room
𝑄𝑒𝑚 = 2545 .( ) . (1). (1)
ℎ𝑝 0.55
𝑄𝑒𝑚 = 462.73 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ℎ𝑟

45
consumption.

1 Desktop Computer 1 GB Ram, 2.8 GHz
80
processor
1 laser printer, typical desktop small-office
137
type (19 p/min)
1 Scanner, small, desktop type 15
1 Copy machine, large, multiuse, office
260
type
Table 26. Power Consumption of Appliances at Conference Room
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑟
12.0 Required Cooling Load Capacity (Conference Room)
to choose the proper size of an air-conditioner for the conference room of Barangay Hall
of Poblacion 2-B, Maragondon, Cavite.

46

22090.283
Internal Loads
Power Loads 462.73
Table 27. Total Heat Load for Conference Room
The selection of air-conditioner for the Conference Room at 2nd floor of Barangay
Hall varies from the required cooling load. The total heat load needs to convert to
horsepower in order to select appropriate size of air conditioner. The air conditioner is
assumed to be 8 hours in operation.
ℎ𝑟
An 1.5 𝑇𝑅 Air conditioner can remove the heat per hour from the Conference Room
at 2ND Floor of the Barangay Hall of Brgy. Poblacion 2-B because the capacity of the air
conditioner must be greater than the required cooling load.

47
OFFICE OF THE PUNONG BARANGAY (2ND FLOOR) COOLING LOAD CAPACITY
13.0 Wall Surface Area for Office of the Punong Barangay
Figure 18. Dimensions for Office of the Punong Barangay
13.1 Sun Effect for the Office of the Punong Barangay
We consider the room is not affected on sunlight at all directions because of the
partitions, see the figure below for the sun effect directions.
Figure 19. Sun Effect for Office of the Punong Barangay

48
13.2 West Wall of Office of the Punong Barangay
Figure 20. West Wall Dimensions (Office of the Punong Barangay)
2
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 12548.598𝑖𝑛 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 87.14𝑓𝑡 2
13.3 North Wall of Office of the Punong Barangay
Figure 21. North Wall Dimensions (Office of the Punong Barangay)
𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (𝐿 × ℎ)
𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (98.4𝑖𝑛 × 106.272𝑖𝑛)
2
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 10457.16𝑖𝑛 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 72.62𝑓𝑡 2

49
13.4 Window of Office of the Punong Barangay
Figure 22. Window Surface Area (Office of the Punong Barangay)
𝐴𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑤 = (39.36𝑖𝑛 × 39.36𝑖𝑛)
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑤 = 1549.21𝑖𝑛2 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑤 = 10.76𝑓𝑡 2
13.5 Ceiling/Roof of Office of the Punong Barangay
Figure 23. Ceiling Surface Area (Office of the Punong Barangay)
𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = (𝐿 × 𝑊)
𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = (118.08𝑖𝑛 × 98.4𝑖𝑛)
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 11619.072𝑖𝑛2 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 80.69𝑓𝑡 2
50
Where:
𝐿 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙/𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓
𝑊 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙/𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓
13.6 Surface Area for Office of the Punong Barangay
West wall 87.14
North wall 72.62
Windows 10.76
Ceiling/Roof 80.69
Table 28. List of Surface Area for Office of the Punong Barangay
14.0 U-Factor for Office of the Punong Barangay
𝑈 = 1/𝑅
1
𝑈=
1 𝑥1 𝑥2 1
+ + +
51
14.1 For West, South, East Walls
The materials, thickness, and surface conductance for the 1st floor walls are the
same with the office of the punong barangay at 2nd floor. So the 𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 of 1st floor is the
same as the office of the Punong Barangay.
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.719
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
14.2 For Ceiling/Roof
The materials, thickness and surface conductance for the conference room is the
same as the office of the Punong Barangay. So the 𝑈𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 of office of the Punong
barangay is the same as the conference room.
1
𝑈𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 =
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − ℉
3.48 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑈𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 0.287
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
14.3 U-Factors for Office of the Punong Barangay (Opaque Surfaces)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
U-Factor (ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 2 −𝐹)
Walls 0.719
Ceiling/Roof 0.287
15.0 Estimation of External Loads (Office of the Punong Barangay)

52
Where
15.1.1 For West Wall
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (0.719 ) . (87.14𝑓𝑡 2 ). (22.9℉)
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑟
15.1.2 For North Wall
𝑄𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑈𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐴𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 . 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (0.719 ) . (72.62𝑓𝑡 2 ). (20.9℉)
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 1091.27
ℎ𝑟
15.1.3 For Ceiling/Roof
𝑄𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 𝑈𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 . 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 . 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = (0.287 ) . (80.69𝑓𝑡 2 ). (27.9℉)
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔/𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 646.11
ℎ𝑟
53
15.1.4 Total Heat Gain trough Opaque Surfaces
Opaque Surfaces 𝐵𝑡𝑢

Heat Gain ( ℎ𝑟 )
West wall 1434.77

North wall 1091.27
Ceiling/Roof 646.11
Table 30. Total Heat Gain through Opaque Surfaces
Where
See Table 11 for the value of Solar Heat Gain Factor (SHGF) at windows facing
towards west.
𝐵𝑡𝑢
SHGF for West Windows = 1048 𝑓𝑡 2 −𝑑𝑎𝑦
54
The materials, thickness and type of glass windows used in the conference room
are the same as the windows in the office of the Punong Barangay.
So, 𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑪𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔.
See Table 13 for the value of Cooling Load Factor (CLF) when the direction the
sunlit window is facing is west at 15 h solar time. So CLF for West Wall = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟐
Now we can get the heat gain through fenestration on the window
𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 10.76𝑓𝑡 2 . (1048 × ) . (0.86). (0.72)
𝑓𝑡 2− 𝑑𝑎𝑦 24ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 290.93
ℎ𝑟
components.
55
Where
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑟. 𝑓𝑡 3 . ℉
𝑉
3600
Where

56
Figure 24. Length, Width and Height for Office of the Punong Barangay
𝑉 = 118.08𝑖𝑛 × 98.4𝑖𝑛 × 106.272𝑖𝑛
1𝑓𝑡 3
3
𝑉 = 1234782.02𝑖𝑛 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛
𝑉 = 714.57𝑓𝑡 3
𝑉
𝑄𝑠 = (𝐴𝐶𝐻). 3600
714.57𝑓𝑡 3
3600
𝑓𝑡 3 60𝑠
𝑄𝑠 = 1.59 × = 95.276 𝑐𝑓𝑚
𝑠 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑠,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = (1.1 ) (95.276𝑐𝑓𝑚)(91.4 − 72.5)℉
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑠,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = 1980.79
ℎ𝑟
57
Where
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑠 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 231.7 𝑐𝑓𝑚
𝑊𝑜 = 0.0326814
𝑊𝑖 = 0.0172785
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑙,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = (4840 ) (95.276𝑐𝑓𝑚)(0.0326814 − 0.0172785)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑙,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = 7102.83
ℎ𝑟
𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑓/𝑣𝑒𝑛 = 1980.79 + 7102.83
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑓/𝑣𝑒𝑛 = 9083.62 ℎ𝑟
58
16.0 Estimation of Internal Loads (Office of the Punong Barangay)
heat components. The full design capacity of the office of the Punong Barangay is 8
persons. 4 are assumed seated with very light work and the other 4 are moderately active
in office work.
Refer to Table 17 for the values of sensible and latent heat given off by the
humans. The full design capacity of the first floor is 8 persons. 4 are assumed seated with
very light work and the other 4 are moderately active in office work. The average sensible
heat we used is 247.5 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟.

59
𝑄𝑙,𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 = (8)(177.5 𝐵𝑡𝑢⁄ℎ𝑟 )
Where
60

Space Fraction
Refer to Table 18 for space fraction for recessed fluorescent luminaire. The office
of the Punong Barangay has one recessed fluorescent luminaire and has 20𝑊 wattage
each.
Now we can get the load due to lightings.
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑟
61
16.3 Power Loads
𝑃
𝑄𝑒𝑚 = 2545. ( ) . (𝐹𝑈 ). (𝐹𝐿 )
𝐸𝑀
Where
1 Stand fan 0.05
Total Power 0.05
Table 31. Input Rating of Electric Motor at Conference Room
𝑄𝑒𝑚 = 2545 .( ) . (1). (1)
ℎ𝑝 0.55
𝑄𝑒𝑚 = 231.36 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ℎ𝑟

62
consumption.
1 LED Television 40
Table 32. Power Consumption of Appliances at Office of the Punong Barangay
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑟
17.0 Required Cooling Load Capacity (Office of the Punong Barangay)
to choose the proper size of an air-conditioner for the Office of the Punong Barangay at
2nd Floor of Barangay Hall of Poblacion 2-B, Maragondon, Cavite.

63

9083.62
Internal Loads
Power Loads 231.36
Table 33. Total Heat Load for Office of the Punong Barangay
The selection of air-conditioner for the Office of the Punong Barangay at 2nd floor
of Barangay Hall varies from the required cooling load. The total heat load needs to
convert to horsepower in order to select appropriate size of air conditioner. The air
conditioner is assumed to be 8 hours in operation.
ℎ𝑟
An 1 𝑇𝑅 Air conditioner can remove the heat per hour from the Office of the Punong
Barangay at 2ND Floor of the Barangay Hall of Brgy. Poblacion 2-B because the capacity
of the air conditioner must be greater than the required cooling load.
64
REFERENCES
[1] American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.,
(2009) ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals 2009 ., Atlanta, GA
(1997) ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals 1997., Atlanta, GA
(2001) ASHRAE Standard 62.1-62.2., Atlanta, GA
[4] Flow Tech, Inc. (2019). Air Change per Hour Table. ABB-HVAC. Retrieved from
www.flowtechinc.com
[5] World Weather Online. (13 March 2019). Maximum Temperature, Maragondon,
Cavite (2009-2018), Max, Min, and Average Temperature (°C). Accessed from
https://www.worldweatheronline.com/maragondon-weather-averages/cavite/ph
65
APPENDICES
66
Appendix 1
Thermal Properties of Building Materials (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009)
Appendix 2
Surface Conductance and Resistance of Air (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals,
2009)
67
Appendix 3
R-Values for Flooring (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009)
Appendix 4
Thermal Conductivity for Door (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009)

68
Appendix 5
Solar Heat Gain Factors (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, n.d.)
Appendix 6
Fenestration Characteristics (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009)

69
Appendix 6
Cooling Load Factor (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals)
Appendix 7
Air Change per Hour (Flow Tech Inc., 2019)

70
Appendix 8
Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009)
Appendix 9
Heat of Human Beings (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009)

71
Appendix 10
Lighting Heat Gain Parameters (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009)
Appendix 11
Ceiling and Roofing Materials (ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, 2009)

Cooling Load Capacity

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Cooling Load Capacity

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Polytechnic University of the Philippines

COOLING LOAD CAPACITY

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in

MEEN 3193 – Heat Transfer

Title Page …….…………………………………………………………………………………..i

Table of Contents .......................................................................................................... ii

Definition of Terms ........................................................................................................ 1

Estimation of Capacity of Air Conditioning Unit ......................................................... 3

1.0 Design Temperature ........................................................................................... 3

1.1 Design Temperature Difference ................................................................... 4

2.0 Materials and Thickness ..................................................................................... 4

FIRST FLOOR COOLING LOAD CAPACITY ................................................................. 5

3.0 Wall Surface Area for First Floor ......................................................................... 5

3.1 North Wall of First Floor ............................................................................... 5

3.2 West Wall of First Floor................................................................................ 6

3.3 South Wall of First Floor .............................................................................. 6

3.4 East Wall of First Floor................................................................................. 7

3.5 Windows of First Floor ................................................................................. 7

3.6 Door of First Floor ........................................................................................ 8

3.7 Flooring of First Floor ................................................................................... 8

3.8 Surface Area for First Floor .......................................................................... 9

4.1 For North, East, West, South Walls ........................................................... 10

4.2 For Flooring ............................................................................................... 11

4.3 For Door .................................................................................................... 12

4.4 U-Factors for First Floor (Opaque Surfaces) .............................................. 13

5.0 Estimation of External Loads (First Floor) ......................................................... 14

5.1.1 For North Wall.................................................................................. 14

5.1.2 For West Wall .................................................................................. 14

5.1.3 For South Wall ................................................................................. 15

5.1.4 For East Wall ................................................................................... 15

5.1.5 For Door .......................................................................................... 15

5.1.6 For Flooring ..................................................................................... 15

5.1.7 Total Gain Load trough Opaque Surfaces ........................................ 16

5.2 Heat Transfer through Fenestration ........................................................... 16

5.2.1 For North Windows .......................................................................... 18

5.2.2 For West Window ............................................................................ 18

5.2.3 Total Heat Gain through Fenestration .............................................. 19

5.3 Heat Transfer due to Infiltration/Ventilation ......................................... 19

5.3.1 Sensible Heat Transfer Rate Due To Infiltration/Ventilation.............. 19

5.3.2 Latent Heat Transfer Rate Due To Infiltration/Ventilation ................. 21

5.3.3 Total Heat Gain due to Infiltration/Ventilation ................................... 22

6.0 Estimation of Internal Loads (First Floor) .......................................................... 22

6.1 Load due to Occupants .............................................................................. 22

6.1.1 Sensible Heat Gain of Occupants .................................................... 23

6.1.2 Latent Heat Gain of Occupants ........................................................ 24

6.1.3 Total Occupancy Heat Gain ............................................................. 24

6.2 Load due to Lighting .................................................................................. 24

6.3 Power Loads.............................................................................................. 26

6.4 Loads due to Appliances and Equipment ................................................... 27

7.0 Required Cooling Load Capacity (First Floor) ................................................... 27

8.0 Wall Surface Area for Conference Room .......................................................... 29

8.1 Sun Effect for the Conference Room ......................................................... 29

8.2 West Wall of Conference Room ................................................................. 30

8.3 South Wall of Conference Room................................................................ 30

8.4 East Wall of Conference Room .................................................................. 31

8.5 Window of Conference Room .................................................................... 31

8.6 Ceiling/Roof of Conference Room ............................................................. 32

8.8 Surface Area for Conference Room ........................................................... 33

9.1 For West, South, East Walls ...................................................................... 33

9.2 For Ceiling/Roof ......................................................................................... 34

9.3 U-Factors for Conference Room (Opaque Surfaces) ................................. 34

10.0 Estimation of External Loads (Conference Room) .......................................... 34

10.1 Heat Transfer through Opaque Surfaces ................................................. 34