Diocese of Imus Catholic Educational System, Inc.

Office of the Superintendent of the Diocesan Schools

Office of Curriculum and Instructions

LEAR NI N G ACTIVITY S HE ET

Name: _______________________________ Expert Teacher: ___________________ Quarter: _1st_ Act. #: 1

Grade/Year & Section: ____________________ Subject: _____________________ Date: ________________
Please check the box for the type of the activity:
Concept Notes Illustrations/Examples Seat work Written Work (Pls. specify):______________
Quiz Performance Task Meaning-making Activity Others: ________________________
Activity Title: The Biological and Cultural Evolution
Learning Target/Competency: The learners demonstrate an understanding of the human origins and the capacity
for culture
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners demonstrate an understanding that interaction can bring common
foundational assumptions on how the social determines the dynamics of society in general and the nature of social
action and social interactions in particular
Reference(s) & Author(s): Contreras A.et al (2016) Understanding Culture, Society and Politics by Phoenix Publishing
House ,Inc.927 Quezon Ave., Quezon city, Philippines Page(s) No. 78 - 88

I. Concept Notes

Biological evolution
 It refers to the changes, modifications, and variations in the genetics and inherited traits of biological populations
from one generation to another.
Cultural evolution
 It refers to the changes or development in cultures from simple to complex form of human culture.

Charles Robert Darwin (February 12,1809 –April 19,1882)

 An English naturalist, geologist, and biologist .Best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

Natural selection
 The outcome processes that affect the frequencies of traits in a particular environment. Traits that enhance survival
and reproductive success increase in frequency over time.

3 Principles of Natural selection

Variations - Every species is made up of a variety of individuals wherein some are adopted totheir environments
compared to others.

Heritability – Organisms produce progeny with different sets of traits that can inherited

Differential reproductive success –Organisms that have traits most suitable to their environment will survive and transfer
these variations to their offspring in subsequent generations.

Exercise
1.How would you differentiate biological and cultural evolution?
2.Explain Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution and its connection to his theory of natural selection.

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 Diocese of Imus Catholic Educational System, Inc.
Office of the Superintendent of the Diocesan Schools
Office of Curriculum and Instructions

LEAR NI N G ACTIVITY S HE ET

Name: _______________________________ Expert Teacher: ___________________ Quarter: _1st_ Act. #: 2

Grade/Year & Section: ____________________ Subject: _____________________ Date: ________________
Please check the box for the type of the activity:
Concept Notes Illustrations/Examples Seat work Written Work (Pls. specify):______________
Quiz Performance Task Meaning-making Activity Others: ________________________________
Activity Title: The Biological and Cultural Evolution Of Modern Humans (Sahelanthropus and Ardiphitecus)
Learning Target/Competency: The learners trace the biological and cultural evolution of early to modern humans
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learners demonstrate understanding that man become the steward of God’s
creation as social actors to social, political, and cultural exercises
Reference(s) & Author(s): 1. Contreras A.et al (2016) Understanding Culture, Society and Politics by Phoenix Publishing
House ,Inc.927 Quezon Ave., Quezon city, Philippines 2 . https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ardipithecus
3. http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/ardipithecus-ramidus
4 .http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/ardipithecus-kadabba
Page(s) No: 77 - 88

I. Concept Notes

1. SAHELANTHROPUS TCHADENSIS

 Is one of the considered prehuman stage of evolution.

 The first hominid came from the lineage of the Sahelanthropus tchadensis species (6-7 million years ago).
 It had both apelike and humanlike characteristics: A skull similar to the Australophitecus and Modern
human; height almost similar with the chimpanzee; brain size of about 320 – 380 cubic centimeters; Small
teeth similar to other hominids and had the ability to walk upright
 Sahelanthropus tchadensis is one of the oldest known species in the human family tree.
 Some of the oldest evidence of a humanlike species moving about in an upright position comes from
Sahelanthropus. The foramen magnum (the large opening where the spinal cord exits out of the cranium
from the brain) is located further forward (on the underside of the cranium) than in apes or any other
primate except humans. This feature indicates that the head of Sahelanthropus was held on an upright
body, probably associated with walking on two legs.

2. ARDIPHITECUS

 Ardipithecus means "ape on the ground", while ramidus means "root".

 The earliest known genus of the zoological family Hominidae and the likely ancestor of Australopithecus,
The genus contains two know species, Ardipithecus kadabba (5.6 million years ago) and
Ardipithecusramidus (4.4 million years ago).

Characteristics of Ardipithecus:

 Height about 4 feet

 Weight of about 120 pounds
 Skull size similar to an ape

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  Small brain
 Biped ( walked on two legs or feet)
 Lived in jungles and forests like the chimpanzee

ARDIPITHECUS KADABBA

 Ardipithecus kadabba was bipedal (walked upright), probably similar in body and brain size to a modern
chimpanzee, and had canines that resemble those in later hominins but that still project beyond the tooth
row.Ardipithecus kadabba (‘kadabba’ means ‘oldest ancestor’ in the Afar language).

ARDIPITHECUS RAMIDUS

 Ardipithecus ramidus was first reported in 1994; in 2009, scientists announced a partial skeleton,
nicknamed ‘Ardi’. The foot bones in this skeleton indicate a divergent large toe combined with a rigid
foot. The pelvis, reconstructed from a crushed specimen, is said to show adaptations that combine tree-
climbing and bipedal activity. The discoverers argue that the ‘Ardi’ skeleton reflects a human-African ape
common ancestor that was not chimpanzee-like.

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 Diocese of Imus Catholic Educational System, Inc.
Office of the Superintendent of the Diocesan Schools
Diocese of Imus Catholic Educational System, Inc.
Office of the Superintendent of the Diocesan Schools
Office of Curriculum and Instructions

LEAR NI N G ACTIVITY S HE ET

Name: _______________________________ Expert Teacher: ___________________ Quarter: _1st_ Act. #: 3

Grade/Year & Section: ____________________ Subject: _____________________ Date: ________________
Please check the box for the type of the activity:
Concept Notes Illustrations/Examples Seat work Written Work (Pls. specify):______________
Quiz Performance Task Meaning-making Activity Others: ________________________________
Activity Title: The Biological and Cultural Evolution Of Modern Humans (Australophitecus)
Learning Target/Competency: _: The learners trace the biological and cultural evolution of early to modern humans
Values/Graduate Attributes: _: The learners demonstrate understanding that man become the steward of God’s
creation as social actors to social, political, and cultural exercises
Reference(s) & Author(s): Contreras A.et al (2016) Understanding Culture, Society and Politics by Phoenix Publishing
House ,Inc.927 Quezon Ave., Quezon city, Philippines Barraclough, G. 1989. Atlas of World History, 3rd ed. Times Books
Limited. ISBN 0723003041 Leakey, R. 1994. The Origins of Human Kind. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0465031358
Page(s) No: 78 – 88

Concept Notes:

AUSTRALOPHITECUS
 The Australopithecus or “southern ape” was the next group of hominids. They lived in the African jungle from 5
million to 1 million years ago.
 The The 3.2 million year old australophitecus species namely “ Lucy “.
Some Characteristics:
 Brain size : 500 cubic centimeters or almost 1/3 of the size of the modern human brain
 Upright
 Biped
 Tool users only and not tool makers
 Used sticks and stones for digging
 Lived in small social groups
 Distance of movement was estimated to be 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) or more to search for stones to be used as a
tools
 Food scavengers
 Are insects, eggs, plants, fruits, and sometimes meat

TWO MAJOR CATEGORIES OF AUSTRALOPHITECUS:

1. Gracile australopithecine- had small teeth and jaw. Included in this group are the Australopithecus anamensis,
Australopithecus afarensis, and the Australopithecus africanus.
2. Robust Australopithecus group - include the Australopithecus aethiopicus, Australopithecus robustus, and the
Australopithecus boisei.

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 Diocese of Imus Catholic Educational System, Inc.
Office of the Superintendent of the Diocesan Schools
Office of Curriculum and Instructions

LEAR NI N G ACTIVITY S HE ET

Name: _______________________________ Expert Teacher: ___________________ Quarter: _1st_ Act.#: 4

Grade/Year & Section: ____________________ Subject: _____________________ Date: ________________
Please check the box for the type of the activity:
Concept Notes Illustrations/Examples Seat work Written Work (Pls. specify):______________
Quiz Performance Task Meaning-making Activity Others: ________________________
Activity Title: The Biological and Cultural Evolution of Modern Humans ( Homo)
Learning Target/Competency: _: The learners trace the biological and cultural evolution of early to modern humans
Values/Graduate Attributes: _: The learners demonstrate understanding that man become the steward of God’s
creation as social actors to social, political, and cultural exercises
Reference(s) & Author(s): Contreras A.et al (2016) Understanding Culture, Society and Politics by Phoenix Publishing
House ,Inc.927 Quezon Ave., Quezon city, Philippines Page(s) No. 78 - 88

CONCEPT NOTES:

HOMO
 The Homo are classified as humans and not humanlike creatures because that had bigger brains and were
 bipedal. According to fossil evidences, the Homo first lived in Africa about 2.4 million years ago. The Homo
species included the Homo habilis (handy man), Homo erectus (upright man), and the Homo sapiens (wise
man)
HOMO HABILIS (Handy Man)
 Direct ancestor of modern humans because of its abilities to produce tools.
Characteristics of Homo Habilis:
 Height of about 3-4 ft.
 Brain size: half the size of modern human ( 700 cc)
 Made to called Oldowan which were used as cutting tools and made from volcanic
 Used tool for hunting and food gathering.

HOMO ERECTUS or Homo Ergaster (Upright Man)

 Was the first homo species to use spoken language.
 Homo erectus fossil was first discovered in Africa and and later traveled outside of the Africa, Europe and Asia.

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  It was the first homo to live and survive in Asia and the first fossil found in Longgupo Cave in China. Another
homo erectus skull was excavated in a cave in Zhoukoudian, China called the Peking man.
 Homo erectus was estimated to have lived from 1.8 million to 300,000 years ago.
 They are also known for making complex tools used for digging, cutting, and scraping. They are also famous in
making and using hand axe tool for slicing, chopping and digging.
 First species to use fire.
 The first homo species to use fire and live in caves and small house.
 Turkana Boy – most complete fossil individual of this species.

Chaaracteristics of Homo erectus:

 Brain size of 1000 cc
 Height of about 5 feet
 Walks upright

HOMO SAPIENS (Wise Man)

 It is the last genus in the evolution ladder of Homo.

 Included in this species are the archaic Homo sapiens of Africa, Homo heidelbergensis , Homo neanderthalensis and the
Homo sapiens sapiens.
 The homo sapiens are considered as modern humans
 Homo sapiens made sophisticated and smoothened tools and had developed shelters.
 Homo sapiens were the first to develop and use oral language because they have more developed brains and speech
organs.

Characteristic of homo sapiens:

 Large brain size (1,400 cc) that is almost similar to the brain of modern human
 Lives in shelter
 Food gatherers
 Ate plant and fruits
 hunted animals
 learn to gather and cook shellfish (164,000 years ago)
 used fire
 Grafted metals

EXERCISES:

1. What species was thought to represent the first maker of stone tools?
2. What species who first to use fire to cook?
3. How did the Homo sapiens successfully control their environment?