Highway Engineering

Mr. Amol K. Mali

M. Tech. (BST)

Department Of Civil Engineering

17 January 2017 1
Walchand College of Engineering
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Role of Transportation
o Economic, industrial, social and cultural
development of country.
o Every Commodity – production stage to
distribution.
o Production stage – raw material like seeds,
manure, coal, steel etc.
o Distribution stage – farms and factories to
marketing centre, retailers and consumers

Department Of Civil Engineering

Walchand College of Engineering 2
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Role of Transportation
o Inadequate transportation retards the process of
socio-economic development of country.

Department Of Civil Engineering

Walchand College of Engineering 3
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Economic activity of Transportation
Two important process in economic activity are
o Production or supply
o Consumption for human wants or demand
o Increased productivity and its efficient
transportation can lower the cost of the products.
o The transportation cost is always an influencing
factor on consumer price of commodities.

Department Of Civil Engineering

Walchand College of Engineering 4
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Social effects of Transportation
o Population have always settled along the river
shores, road sides and near railways stations.
o Decentralization of the population centers away
from the sides of the main transportation routes.
o Avoids congestion – urban areas.
o Suburbs and satellite towns, acting as counter-
magnets should be linked up with rapid transit
systems.

Department Of Civil Engineering

Walchand College of Engineering 5
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Social effects of Transportation
Sectionalism and transportation
o Improved transportation has important
implication in reducing sectionalism within the
country and also outside the country.
o Under developed colonies and tribes – living –
developed – reduction in travel time.
o Travel outside the country – exchange of
knowledge.

Department Of Civil Engineering

Walchand College of Engineering 6
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Social effects of Transportation
Concentration of population into urban areas
o Improved transportation network brings
prosperity to the urban population.
o Attraction of people to urban area – employment.
o Internal movement – factory , offices
o Essential for well being of community.

Department Of Civil Engineering

Walchand College of Engineering 7
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Social effects of Transportation
Aspect of safety, law and order
o Essential for rushing aids to areas affected by an
emergency.
o To maintain the law and order.
o To defend the territory of the country against the
external aggression and guard the borders with
foreign territories – fastest transportation.

Department Of Civil Engineering

Walchand College of Engineering 8
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Role of transportation in rural development
o 75% of population – living in villages.
o Improvements in tranp. Facilities in rural areas –
faster development of rural centers.
o Inputs for agriculture and industry .
o Marketing places.
o Improved facilities for education, healthcare and
social needs in the villages – decrease the
migration to urban centres – helping in balance
development of country.
Department Of Civil Engineering
Walchand College of Engineering 9
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Modes of Transportation
o Surface Transport
o Roadways
o Railways
o Water transport
o Waterways through canals, rivers, lake and sea
o Air Transport
o Airplane, Helicopter, Air Balloons
o According to mode of transport
o Cable ways, Rope Ways, Conveyor belts, lifts, pipe lines

Department Of Civil Engineering

Walchand College of Engineering 10
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Classification of Transport Systems
o Surface Transport
o Roadways
o Primary and oldest way of communication
o Max. service to one and all.
o Door to door
o Link other tran. Systems – feeder system.
o Max . Accessibility
o Lighter loads and lesser volumes
o Short journey
Department Of Civil Engineering
Walchand College of Engineering 11
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Classification of Transport Systems
o Surface Transport
o Railways
o Advantageous between stations
o Greatest utility in transporting heavy and bulky
volumes
o Energy requirement.
o Longer distances.
o Comfortable and convenient
o Cheapest as compared to road.
Department Of Civil Engineering
Walchand College of Engineering 12
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Classification of Transport Systems
o Air Transport
o Airways
o Fastest mode
o Provides more comfort.
o Very expensive
o Time is important

Department Of Civil Engineering

Walchand College of Engineering 13
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Classification of Transport Systems
o Water Transport
o Seaways
o Rivers, lakes, Canals, and sea
o Gud transport for heavy and bulky volumes
o Cheapest
o Maintenance and construction
o Speed -low

Department Of Civil Engineering

Walchand College of Engineering 14
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Classification of Transport Systems
o Other modes
o Rope ways
o Hilly region and valley region
o Other systems – too expensive
o Coals, stones, ores and humans

Department Of Civil Engineering

Walchand College of Engineering 15
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Classification of Transport Systems
o Other modes
o Belt Conveyors
o Shorter distance
o Coals, stones and ores

Department Of Civil Engineering

Walchand College of Engineering 16
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Classification of Transport Systems
o Other modes
o Pipelines
o Petroleum products, gases, water and sewage
etc.
o Suitable for gaseous and liquid material.

Department Of Civil Engineering

Walchand College of Engineering 17
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Characteristics of Road Transport
o Road transport is nearest to the people.
o First transported by road – railway and air or
water.
o Roads used by various type of vehicles – railway –
locomotive & wagons, water- ships & boats
o Requires small investment for govt. road vehicles
are cheaper than loco, air & water carriers.
o Construction and maintenance of roads -
cheaper.
Department Of Civil Engineering
Walchand College of Engineering 18
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
Characteristics of Road Transport
o Flexibility of changes in location, direction, speed
and timing of travel is available in road transport
only.
o Short distance travel – road saves the time.
o Road transport are subjected to higher degree of
accidents due to flexibility of movements.

Department Of Civil Engineering

Walchand College of Engineering 19
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)
 Department Of Civil Engineering
Walchand College of Engineering 20
Sangli-416415 (Maharashtra)