Chapter 19 Reading Quiz

Optical Instruments
1. The units of refractive power are
Topics:
A. watts.
• The thin-lens equation
B. m2.
• The camera C. m–1.
• The human eye D. joules.
• The magnifier
• The microscope
• The telescope
• Resolution of optical
instruments
Sample question:
This anablepsis is called the “four-eyed
“four fish.” How must the top
half of its eye differ from the lower half so that it has clear vision
both above and below the waterline at the same time?
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Answer Reading Quiz

1. The units of refractive power are 2. Accommodation of the eye refers to its ability to
A. focus on both nearby and distant objects.
B. move in the eye socket to look in different directions.
C. m–1. C. see on both the brightest days and in the dimmest light.
D. see both in air and while under water

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 Answer
2. Accommodation of the eye refers to its ability to
A. focus on both nearby and distant objects.
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Answer
3. The magnification of a microscope is increased when
C. the focal length of the eyepiece is increased.
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Reading Quiz
3. The magnification of a microscope is increased when
A. the focal length of the objective lens is increased.
B. the focal length of the objective lens is decreased.
C. the focal length of the eyepiece is increased.
D. the distance between the objective lens and eyepiece is
decreased.
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Reading Quiz
4. The fundamental resolution of an optical instrument is set by
A. the accuracy to which lenses can be polished.
B. the fact that white light is composed of all visible colors.
C. the fact that all types of glass have nearly the same index
of refraction.
D. the wave nature of light.
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 Answer The Thin-Lens Equation
4. The fundamental resolution of an optical instrument is set by

D. the wave nature of light.

1 1 1
+ =
s s′ f
Thin-lens
lens equation (also works for mirrors)
relating object and image distance to focal length

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Sign Conventions for Lenses and Mirrors The Camera

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 Focusing a Camera Digital Cameras

A digital image is made up

of millions of pixels.

A CCD chip records the

digital image.

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The Human Eye Focusing and Accommodation

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 Myopia and Hyperopia Correcting Myopia

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Apparent Size The Magnifier

Largest angular size
without a magnifier is
h
θ0 ≈
25 cm

With a magnifier,
The magnification is thus
the angular size is
h θ 25 cm
θ0 ≈ M= =
f θ0 f
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 The Microscope The Microscope

L 25 cm
M = MoMe = −
f0 fe

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The Telescope Lens Aberrations: Spherical Aberration

The Hubble space

telescope originally
f0
M =− suffered from
fe spherical aberration.

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 Chromatic Aberration Resolution and the Wave Nature of Light

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Rayleigh’s Criterion The Resolution of a Microscope

Two objects are resolvable if their

angular separation is greater than
Numerical aperturre NA = nsin φ0
1.22 λ
θ1 =
D 0.61λ0
P = dmin =
Resolving power RP
NA
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 Optical and Electron Micrographs of e. coli

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