MODERATE CLIMATIC

ZONE
CLIMATIC ZONES OF INDIA

Our country is divided into five major climatic zones:

• 1. Hot and dry climate
• 2. warm and humid climate
• 3. Composite climate
• 4. Moderate climate
• 5. Cold climate
MODERATE CLIMATE

▪ The moderate climate has mild to warm summers and cool

winters.
▪ The need for winter home heating is greater than the need for
summer cooling.
▪ It is a relatively comfortable climate, especially near the coast,
where summers are cooler and winters warmer than further
inland.
▪ In the mountains of the Great Dividing Range, winters are cold
and summers are pleasantly mild.
▪ Few opening on external side other than door.
▪ Cooking and sleeping outdoor in summer were as inside in winter.
▪ Pune and Bangalore are examples of cities that fall under this climatic
zone. Areas having a moderate climate are generally located on hilly or
high-plateau regions with fairly abundant vegetation.
▪ The solar radiation in this region is more or less the same
throughout the year. Being located at relatively higher elevations, these
places experience lower temperatures than hot and dry regions. The
temperatures are neither too hot nor too cold. In summers, the
temperature reaches 30 – 34 ºC during the day and 17 – 24 ºC at night.
In winter, the maximum temperature is between 27 to 33 ºC during the
day and 16 to 18 ºC at night.
▪ The relative humidity is low in winters and summers, varying from
20 – 55%, and going upto 55 – 90% during monsoons. The total rainfall
usually exceeds 1000 mm per year. Winters are dry in this zone. Winds
are generally high during summer. Their speed and direction depend
mainly upon the topography. The sky is mostly clear with occasional
presence of low, dense clouds during summers.
▪ The design criteria in the moderate zone are to reduce heat gain by
Climate responsive building
MAJOR PLACES IN INDIA WITH MODERATE
CLIMATE

• Bangalore

• Pune
BANGALORE

Latitude: 120 58’ N

Longitude: 770 35’ E
Altitude: 921m above mean sea level
Temperature range: 15.10C to 350C
Relative humidity: 65.2% (average annual relative humidity)
 BUILDING MATERIALS USED

• Floor: Lime concrete

• Walls: Stone masonry with lime mortar
• Roof: Stone slabs with lime concrete screed cover for flat roof.
Mangalore tiles for sloping roof.
PASSIVE FEATURES
▪ Reduction of solar heat gain:
- by orientation of the bedrooms towards north
- by shading of east and west walls by neighboring buildings.
- by shading the windows and walls with projecting stone slabs.
▪ Reduction of internal heat gain:
- by placing the kitchen outdoors in summer(and indoor in winter).
▪ Reduction of heat transfer to interior
- by insulating roof.
▪ Increase of heat loss
- by ventilation and smoke outlet through chimney.
PUNE

• Latitude: 180 31’ N

• Longitude: 730 55’ E
• Altitude: 560 m above sea level
• Temperature range: 190 to 330 C
• Relative humidity: 59.3% (average annual relative humidity)
CASE STUDY
Traditional Houses with Stone Walls in
Temperate Climates: The Impact of Various Insulation
Strategies
• The building is located between the Apennines and the Adriatic Sea.

• These buildings often have problems during the summertime due to low
temperatures for considerable heat loss to the ground.

• In the city of Fabriano situated 325 m above sea level and with 2198 degree days
(longitude 13°37’; latitude 43°62’).

• The farmhouse has two floors above ground level and is characterized by a surface
area to
volume ratio of 0.60; it is oriented with its longitudinal axis rotated 45° clockwise with
respect to the north-south direction.

• Walls have high thermal inertia.

Experimental
results

1. Summertime monitoring
Weather scheme of the monitored weeks
Experimental results

• The thermal peaks that occur

on the external side of the
walls are not present on the
internal
temperatures are low,surface
side and the internal leading

to discomfort.

• On the sunny day the

maximum range in temperature
between the internal and the
external
and 10°C to the north; the indoor
surface temperatures

façade is about
throughout 6°Care
the day to the
south
around
20°C to the north and 22°C
to the south.
Internal and external surface temperatures in northern and southern side during the
summer period
 Operative temperature on the southern
room

Impact of ventilation on
thermal inertia during the
summertime. The graph
shows the
internal surface temperatures
recorded in two rooms: one
with windows opened and one
with windows closed
2. Wintertime monitoring

An analysis of the indoor surface temperatures shows that the south-facing room is about
15°C warmer than the north-facing one. This is due to the fact that the north-facing part of
the building is not heated. In both cases (with heating on or off) the indoor surface
temperatures have a very constant trend, without fluctuations.

As regards the temperatures of the south-facing wall, it can be observed that on both
cloudy
and sunny days, even with very different external surface temperatures, the indoor
surface
temperature is around 16° - 17°C: this value is very low and causes indoor discomfort.
 Internal and external surface
temperatures in northern and southern
side during the winter period

Operative temperature in wintertime.

Analytic results

• To analyze the relative impact of different types of energy saving solutions on summer
comfort several simulation models were developed and compared.

• We separated the interventions that do not affect the architectural image and the
interventions that alter the architectural appearance of the building.

• In the second stage the interventions on visible elements and interventions on the
nonvisible
elements were combined and the building optimised according to the new
regulations on energy saving was compared with a new lightweight super-insulated
building.

• The study of discomfort hours using the Method of Percentage outside the comfort
range
(Method A- Annex F- ISO EN 15251) gave the following results
Discomfort hours. The total amount of hours in the hot season is equal to 2928
(1 June – 30 September)
2. CENTRE FOR APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR
RURAL AREAS (ASTRA), BANGALORE

Location : Bangalore, Karnataka

Climate : Moderate

Brief description of the building:

The building is a ground and one-storeyed structure and is used as an office

building. The salient feature of the building is the use of various alternative
building materials that are affordable, environment friendly and energy
efficient.
Section and sketch plan of Ecohouse, Auroville
Energy conscious features:

- Sized stone masonry with composite mortars in foundations, steam-cured

stabilized blocks for ground floor load-bearing walls, and soil-cement blocks
for the first floor walls. The external exposed walls are coated with
transparent silicone paint for protection from erosion

- Precast chajjas and brackets are made of ferrocement

- Reinforced blockwork lintels are used above openings such as doors and
windows

- Soil-cement block filler slabs are used for floors and roof. An additional
weatherproof course using tiles is provided on the roof
THANK YOU