Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

MAN-001 (Mathematics-I)
Autumn Semester: 2016-17 Tutorial Sheet-5: Differential Calculus
Q 1. Examine the following functions for local extrema and saddle points:
(a) x4 + y 4 − 2x2 + 4xy − 2y 2
(b) xy + a3 ( x1 + y1 )
(c) x3 + y 3 − 63(x + y) + 12xy
(d) x3 y − xy 3
(e) 4xy − x4 − y 4
Q 2. Find global maxima and minima of the following function f (x, y) in the closed region R:
(a) f (x, y) = 2x2 − y 2 + 6y in the region R : {(x, y) : x2 + y 2 ≤ 16}.
(b) f (x, y) = x3 +y 3 −xy in the region R : {(x, y) : (x, y) is within the triangle with sides x =
1, y = 0 and y = 2x}
(c) f (x, y) = cos(x) cos(y) cos(x + y), in the region R : {(x, y) : 0 ≤ x, y ≤ π}.
Q 3. Find the extrema of the following functions using the method of Lagrange multipliers:
(a) f (x, y) = 5x − 3y subject to the constraint x2 + y 2 = 136
(b) f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 subject to the constraint x + y + z = 1.
Q 4. Prove that of all rectangular parallelepipeds of the same volume, the cube has the least surface.
Q 5. Find the maximum value of x2 y 2 z 2 subject to the condition x2 + y 2 + z 2 = c2 .
Q 6. Using the method of Lagrange multipliers, find the maximum and minimum distances of the
point (3, 4, 12) from the unit sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
Q 7. Find the point of intersection of two planes given by x + y + z = 1 and 3x + 2y + z = 6 that
is closest to the origin.
Q 8. Obtain the Taylor’s series for f (x, y) = 4x2 + xy + 6y 2 + x − 20y + 21 about (−1, 2) up to
highest possible degree term.
Q 9. Approximate the following functions by linear function ax + by + c at point P0 . Also, find the
maximum absolute error in this approximation.
(a) f (x, y) = x2 − 3xy + 5 at P0 = (2, 1) and R : |x − 2| ≤ 0.1, |y − 1| ≤ 0.1 .
(b) f (x, y) = 1 + y + x cos y at P0 = (0, 0) and R : |x| ≤ 0.2, |y| ≤ 0.2 .
Q 10. Give Taylor’s series expansion upto 3rd degree for the function f (x, y) = xy about the point
(1, 1). Use the result to compute 1.11.02 .
Q 11. Give Taylor’s series expansion upto 2nd degree at origin for the function f (x, y) = cos x cos y.
Estimate the error in the approximation if |x| ≤ 0.1 and |y| ≤ 0.1 .

ANSWERS
√ √ √ √
1. (a) Minimum value -8 at ( 2, − 2) and (− 2, 2), saddle point at (0,0).
(b) Minimum value 3a2 at (a, a).
(c) Maximum value 784 at (−7, −7), minimum value -216 at (3, 3), and (-1, 5) and (5, -1) are
saddle points.
(d) Saddle point at (0, 0).
(e) Maximum value 2 at (1, 1) and (−1, √−1), saddle point at (0, 0).
2. (a) Absolute maximum value 35 at (± 15, 1) and absolute minimum value -40 at (0, −4).
1
(b) Absolute maximum value 7 at (1, 2) and absolute minimum value − 27 at ( 31 , 13 ).
(c) Absolute maximum value 1 at (0, 0), (0, π), (π, 0) and (π, π), absolute minimum value − 18
at ( π3 , π3 ) and ( 2π 2π
3 , 3 ).
3. (a) Minimum value -68 at (−10, 6) and the maximum value 68 at (10, −6) and
(b) Minimum value 31 at ( 13 , 31 , 31 ) and the maximum value does not exist.
c6
5. 27
6. Maximum distance is 14 from the point ( −3 −4 −12
13 , 13 , 13 ) and minimum distance is 12 from the
3 4 12
point ( 13 , 13 , 13 ).
7 1 −5
7. ( 3 , 3 , 3 )
8. f (x, y) = 6 − 5(x + 1) + 3(y − 2) + 4(x + 1)2 + (x + 1)(y − 2) + 6(y − 2)2
9. (a) x − 6y + 7, 0.06 (b) 1 + x + y, 0.016
10. 1 + (x − 1) + (x − 1)(y − 1) + 12 (x − 1)2 (y − 1), 1.1021
11. 1 − x2 /2 − y 2 /2, E(x, y) ≤ 0.00134