Chance- an ambiguous word that for determinists, implies no such thing of indeterminism

Coincidence-the occurrence of two or more events with no causal relationship

-but one could happen without the other

Ignorance of causes- occurrences with no known causes or with a lot of factors on which the outcome
depends

Mathematical probability- calculated, with mathematical formula

Ignorant of the actual past behavior/frequencies and relevant factors

Statistical probability- calculated

based upon past frequencies

No cause- impossible in ordinary life

Indeterminism with freedom

Determinism
As viewed by indeterminists As viewed by determinists
John Locke's “the inner springs of action” Events are determined by previously existing
“People feel that they are originating their causes; in each case there is causation.
actions but actually they’re no more free than the
hands of the clock. Their acts are inevitable
products or prior conditions.
*With Earth’s first Clay They did the Last Man * Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám= confusing
knead, reference of “last dawn of reckoning” to God and
And then of the Last Harvest sow’d the Seed: fate’s reckoning
Yea, the first Morning of Creation wrote
What the Last Dawn of Reckoning shall read. Inevitable product=a category where things that
can be avoided and those that cannot be are
* Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, as translated by lumped
Edward FitzGerald- pessimistic suspicion that
everything is predestined

Final event is inevitable

Cannot achieve freedom because life is linear; Freedom is achieved if actions are done out of
there’s no alternative free will; not coerced
CDE
CDE ▲ ▲
Causal factors i.e. will power, encouragement, praise, blame,
advice, attempted influences, etc.
Complex network C-1, C-2, C-3  inevitable E Controlled C-1, C-2, C-3  desired E
J.L Austin:
Consider the case where I miss a very short putt
and kick myself because I could have holed it. It is
not that I should have holed if I had tried: I did
try, and missed. It is not that I should have holed
 it if conditions had been different: that might of
course be so, but I am talking about conditions as
they precisely were, and asserting that I could
have holed it."

Free will- admit responsibility for your actions

-“Power to choose” -Locke

Theory of agency- act to be free, it must cause by an agent

-attempt to reconcile determinism with freedom

In John Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding we find many of the current (still unsolved)
problems of free will and moral responsibility. Free will=a power to choose

Following Hobbes use of the negative epithet, Locke calls the question of Freedom of the
Will unintelligible. But for Locke, it is only because the adjective "free" applies to the agent, not to the
will, which is determined by the mind, and determines the action.

I think the question is not proper, whether the will be free, but whether a man be free. (Book II, Chapter
XXI, Of Power, s.21)

Yet, his will, in its choices, may be determined subconsciously or physically.5 As does Hobbes's
definition, Locke's freedom as power to do or forbear limits the determinism versus free will question to
external freedom, to what might be the product of a complex causal network. This buys a neat solution
by a definition that misses the issue of freedom as commonly intuited.

With Earth’s first Clay They did the Last Man knead,

And then of the Last Harvest sow’d the Seed:

Yea, the first Morning of Creation wrote

What the Last Dawn of Reckoning shall read.

This verse can be taken as a pessimistic suspicion that everything is predestined: with the Earth’s first
Clay, from which God created (moulded, as a sculpture) the first man, Adam, God also created (“knead”
= shape, as in shaping the dough for a loaf of bread) the clay for the Last Man. The second line likens
God’s creation of Man to planting a crop: the Harvest at the End of the World is predetermined by the
Seed which God planted at the Beginning. The last two lines neatly contrast WRITE at the Creation, with
READ at the End (Last Dawn of Reckoning.)
Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám is the title that Edward FitzGerald gave to his 1859 translation from
Persian to English of a selection of quatrains (rubāʿiyāt) attributed to Omar Khayyam (1048–
1131), dubbed "the Astronomer-Poet of Persia

Consider the case where I miss a very short putt and kick myself because I could have holed it. It is not
that I should have holed if I had tried: I did try, and missed. It is not that I should have holed it if
conditions had been different: that might of course be so, but I am talking about conditions as they
precisely were, and asserting that I could have holed it."

Free will- admit responsibility for your actions

-“Power to choose” -Locke

Theory of agency- act to be free, it must cause by an agent

-attempt to reconcile determinism with freedom