High Density Concrete

 High Density=Heavyweight

 Density should be more than 2600 kg/m3

 Dens CRETE

 Offers more strength

 Can be used everywhere, in all construction practices

 Resistant to extreme weather

 Main Components:
 Cement
--- Provides limited strength
--- Not that useful in high density concrete
--- Used as binding material

Water

Aggregates

Admixtures
Natural Aggregates
•Aggregates are obtained from iron ores

•Large amount of iron content

•Varying densities so variety of high density concrete can be produced

Types:

1. 2. 3.

4.
Man-made (Synthetic) Aggregates:
Iron Shots

Synthetic
Chilcon Aggregates Lead Shots

Fergran
Admixture:

 Water reducing admixture is used

 Consists Lignosulfonic acid, carboxylic acids

 Use of Water reducing admixture in high density concrete

–Increase workability
–Reduces water requirement
–Reduces cement content requirement
–High early strength
Application:
 High density radiation shielding
 Precast blocks
 Mass concrete projects
 High density concrete applications columns
 Gravity seawall, coastal protection & breakwater
structures
 Bridge counterweights
 Ballast for ocean vessels
 Off shore platforms noise and vibration dampening
Advantages:
 High neutron and gamma ray attenuation
 Good mechanical properties
 Relatively low initial and maintenance cost
 Easy to construct

Disadvantages:
Space
Weight
Production:
 High Strength Concrete:
 Using Type I Portland cement, gravel or crushed limestone coarse
aggregate, sand from a local deposit, and for some mixes a water-
reducing retarding admixture.

 Water-cement ratios ranged from 0.70 to 0.32

 Concrete strength of 90-120 MPa

 Uniaxial compressive strengths ranged from about 21 to 76 MPa.

 Pertaining to compressive strength, strength gain with age, specimen

size effect, effects of drying, stress-strain curves, static modulus of
elasticity, Poisson’s ratio, modulus of ruptuie, and split cylinder strength.

 Has to take care about mix proportioning, shape of aggregates, use of

supplementary cementitious materials, silica fume and super
plasticizers.
Special methods of making high strength concrete
 Seeding: This involves adding a small percentage of finely ground, fully
hydrated Portland cement to the fresh concrete mix.
This method may not hold much promise.

 Revibration: Controlled revibration removes all the defects like

bleeding, water accumulates , plastic shrinkage, continuous capillary
channels and increases the strength of concrete.

 High speed slurry mixing: This process involves the advance

preparation of cement - water mixture which is then blended with
aggregate to produce concrete.

 Use of admixtures: Use of water reducing agents are known to

produce increased compressive strength.
 Inhibition of cracks: If the propagation of cracks is inhibited, the
strength will be higher.
Concrete cubes made this way have yielded strength up to 105MPa.

 Sulphur Impregnation: Satisfactory high strength concrete have

been produced by impregnating low strength porous concrete by
sulphur.
The sulphur infiltrated concrete has given strength up to 58MPa.

 Use of Cementitious aggregates: Cement fondu is kind of clinker.

Using Alag as aggregate, strength up to 25MPa has been obtained with
water cement ratio 0.32.
Fire resistance of High Strength Concrete:
Strength-weight ratio becomes comparable
to steel:

Strength-Weight Ratio

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Structural steel Concrete High strength Lightweight HSC
concrete
High-strength concrete is often used in bridges
 HIGH PERFOMANCE CONCRETE:
“A high performance concrete is a concrete in which certain
characteristics are developed for a particular application and
environments”:
 Ease of placement
 Compaction without segregation
 Early-age strength
 Long term mechanical properties
 Permeability
 Durability
 Heat of hydration
 Toughness
 Volume stability
 Long life in severe environments
 High resistance to frost and deicer scaling damage
 Toughness and impact resistance
 Volume stability
High-performance concrete is often used in
bridges and tall buildings
 Materials Used in High-Performance Concrete
Material Primary contribution/Desired property

Portland cement Cementing material/durability

Blended cement Cementing material/durability/high strength

Fly ash Cementing material/durability/high strength

Slag Cementing material/durability/high strength

Silica fume Cementing material/durability/high strength

Calcined clay Cementing material/durability/high strength

Metakaolin Cementing material/durability/high strength

Calcined shale Cementing material/durability/high strength

Super plasticizers Flow ability

High-range water reducers Reduce water to cement ratio

Hydration control admixtures Control setting

Retarders Control setting

Accelerators Accelerate setting

Corrosion inhibitors Control steel corrosion

Water reducers Reduce cement and water content

Shrinkage reducers Reduce shrinkage

ASR inhibitors Control alkali-silica reactivity

Polymer/latex modifiers Durability

Optimally graded aggregate Improve workability and reduce paste

The required durability characteristics are governed by
the application of concrete and by conditions expected to
be encountered at the time of placement. These
characteristics should be listed.

Environment Concrete Deterioration

Impact
Environment Concrete
Resistance

Durable
Concrete
(HPC)
REFERANCE:
Publication:Journal Proceedings Author(s):Ramon L. Carrasquilio, Arthur H. Nilson,
and Floyd 0. Slate
CSTR49: ‘Design guidance for high strength concrete’, Concrete Society Technical
Report No. 49, The Concrete Society, 1998
CEB-FIP Model code for concrete structures, 1990. Comité Euro-International du
Beton. Thomas Telford, London, 1993. Bulletin d’Information No. 213/214. 437 pp.
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS 8110 Structural use of concrete Part 3:
1985. Design charts for singly reinforced beams, doubly reinforced beams and
rectangular columns. 112 pp.
BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 Eurocode 2. Design of concrete structures. General rules and
rules for buildings
Aı tcin, P.-C., High-Performance Concrete, Modern Concrete Technology 5, E & FN
Spon, London, 1998
ASCE, High-Performance Construction Materials and Systems, Technical Report 93-
5011, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, April 1993.
Farny, James A., and Panarese, William C., High-Strength Concrete,EB114, Portland
Cement Association, 1994
Perry, V., “Industrialization of Ultra-High Performance Ductile Concrete,” Symposium
on High-Strength/High-Performance Concrete, University of Calgary, Alberta,
November 1998.