Readings in Philippine History

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
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CHAPTER 1: Forgetting History- worst enemy of

man
HISTORY Pres. Woodrow Wilson
1. Happening or a series of happenings  ‘’The worst possible enemy to society
2. Record of the past made available for the is the man who is cut loose in his
present standards of judgment from the past
3. Field of study which trace’s man’s and universities which train men to use
development. their minds without carefully
4. Documented record of man and his society establishing the connection of their
5. Can have a cathartic effect, a more mature, thought with that of the past, are
more purified effect as a result of an experience instrument of social destruction’’
in the past.  We need history to call our past
Example: The death of the GOMBURZA experience and tell us how to deal with
 Their deaths was used as rallying points present events
by Filipino reformists to Fight for their
freedom Relationship- are formed and broken by history
6. Affects all us down to the personal level  Can be determined by history
7. Makes more life bearable
8. Know what to do based on inputs from the As a record of happening
past  History is everything that has been
9. Gives us the stock of what we are now and recorded or occurred from the
how will be able to act in the future beginning of time to the last instant
10. Not pleasant all the time As a record
 Pleasant Histories- make a person feel  History is a documented story of man
proud and such experiences are and his society
considered milestone As a type of literature history
 Part of nostalgia  History is a Non-Fiction Work- it means
 Unpleasant History- mistakes and the events described in the text actually
failure especially if they are tragic happened and are documented.
should be better remembered so they  Literary Form- depicts the unfolding of
will not be repeated fateful events and to portray the rise of
 George Santayana –‘’ when experience deterioration of character in a manner
is not retained, as among savages, that ranks it with great novels and epic
infancy is perpetual. Those who cannot poetry.
remember the past are condemned to  Effective presentation of the unfolding
repeat it’’ of events
 ERROR- History repeat itself As a field of study
-History cannot be repeated but similar  History is a study of man and his
instance can come back. achievements from the beginning of
 Heraclitus- ‘’ You can only step once on written records to the present
the same river. For it is not the same
river and the same man’’
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3. Uses history universally

NOT HISTORY Example: Doctors, Engineers and
 Chronology- a mere record or collection Architects, Lawyers
of events or list of events as they  Writing and Learning from History-
happen only skills practiced and reserved for
Example: Logbook of activities kept by a humans.
security of guard
LOWER LIFE FORMS may learn from;
TO BE CONSIDERED HISTORY:  Instict Example: Crocodile hatchlings
 It must be a documented record of know to tend from themselves after
events that traces the emerging from their eggs
-development,  Sensual Signals Example: Birds flying
-rise and fall or rebirth of person, south for winter because of the
persons, society, a community or a approaching cold season
country  Experience Example: Dog knows when
his master is coming home
SOCIAL HISTORY
1. Source of the sensible definition of THE SOURCES OF HISTORY
history
2. Record of events showing the Study of History- relentless search for the truth
evolution of man and his society from  Truth- about the events in the past
the earliest and from the age of  Sources- always important
barbarism to what he is today -where the information come
3. Records the past showing man’s from
development and improvement  Document- is the source of historical
throughout the ages event in a technical sense
4. It shows how man met his various -a written material, narrower, more
challenges through time specific that says about a historical events
5. Show a pattern on how man and his -can be narration
society has evolved from the primitive -copy of speech
form to the present showing his ability -an eyewitness account
to cope with obstacles and challenges -book
that he himself or nurture has placed - Official Papers- attain legal status
through his existence because they have been notarized or officially
acted upon
WHY DO WE STUDY HISTORY?  Land titles
1. It allows man to understand his  Identity Papers
better situation.  Passport
 Transcripts of records
Man
 Receipts
1. Only capable of writing history
 Reports
2. Capable of deriving deeper meanings
 Legislative Bills and Laws
from history
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-Non-Official Papers-  Autobiography

 Diaries  Speeches
 Journals  Essays by a person expressing own
 Letters views
 Receipts
Documentary Research- it is the activity in  Letter to the Editor expressing writer’s
researching for written materials view
 Laws, Ordinances, Letter of Instruction,
SOURCES THAT ARE NOT WRITTEN BUT CAN BE Decrees
AUTHORITATIVE  Book containing direct quotation about
 Relics the event
 Memorabilia  Newspaper articles directly reporting
 Pictures about the event
 Drawings  Diaries and Journals
 Sketches  Reports
 Fossils and remains  Eyewitness Accounts
 Living Individuals  Letters
-eyewitness- present in the event  Editorials
-respondent or informants- when used  Transcripts of Records
in historical research B. Secondary Sources- materials made by
individuals who were not direct participant to
Batis- historical sources of information in the event or people who got the information
terminology of PH historiography from somebody else or from primary sources.
-Primary Source and Authoritative - Digested information derived from primary
sources
SOURCES THAT HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED  Textbooks
 Books  Encyclopedia Entries
 Monographs  Magazine Articles about a topic
 Scholarly Journals  Teacher’s report on student behavior as
 Magazines reported to school counselors
 Newspapers  Reports from a person talking about the
subject matter.
TYPES OF HISTORICAL SOURCES
A. Primary Sources- materials which directly C. Tertiary Source or General Reference- help
point or discusses the subject matter point to the reader to a primary or secondary
- More authoritative and credible source.
-Made by a person who were actual eyewitness  Information found in the card catalogue
or principal participant about a book or document
-It becomes even more important when its  Abstract of books
origin is closer to the historical event and the  Theses and Dissertations
information contained is pure and untainted
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- Contains laws, decrees, letters of

D. CONTEMPORARY SOURCE MATERIALS instructions, resolutions
 Documents which are recent vintage or  Supreme Court Reports Annotated
origin (SCRA)- Book contained digests cases
 Concern events that are current or very w/c may serves as precedents in future
recent litigations.
 Present up to 35 -49 years  Congressional Record of the House of
a. ACCESS Rep. and the Senate- keep minutes of
 Can be authorized by the concerned the proceedings to be read on the
individuals or by a court order actual deliberations
 Thesis and Dissertations- form of
publication- allows the public to access Rare Books- placed in Rare Book Section
and to be tested  books and other publications that are
b. STORING no longer current or no longer
 Records Sections of Offices or Private produced
Cabinets- where contemporary  At least 50 years old
documents are stored  No longer published
 Shelves of Libraries- where books of  Value: It opens window to the past and
recent publication and books that have it exposes the reader to the situations
been reprinted or republished as and way of thinking of people decades
updated editions are stored for or even centuries ago
circulation  They are chosen for their contents
EXAMPLES: which are not anymore current for
 Textbook contemporary
 Coffee tables books Product of  They represent certain period of the
 Manuals specialized past
Research  Contains both primary and secondary
 Vertical Files- special boxes in the Nat’l information
Library that keep brochures and  Access is restricted because it is
souvenir programs of fiestas and other irreplaceable
events  Cannot be borrowed or taken out from
 Special Section of Large Libraries- the library
contained newspapers and magazines  Not all old books are rare books and
- Newspapers- report the events as not all libraries have rare books
they happened
- Magazines- discuss topics and Archival Documents- placed in Archive
events in a more detailed manner  Old documents
EXAMPLES:
Contains eyewitness accounts w/c  Official Materials
makes them primary source materials - Spanish royal decrees or
 Official Gazette- official gov’t cedularios
publication
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- Service records or hojas de  Created through his earth possessions

servicio will to see University in 1611
- Receipts  Fr. Miguel de Benavides’ books-
- Ereccion de pueblos nucleus of UST Library
- Transcripts of records  Contains writings of Nicholas
- American’s Philippine Copernicus
Commission Reports *Because of the threat of pests, calamities and
- Commonwealth Acts time, it became necessary to reproduce archival
- Official Transcript of the documents and rare books into microfilms or to
Philippine Legislature preserve them in digital format*
 Chosen for the special information they  This will free some space in the libraries
contain which makes them worthwhile and archives for future collections
for preservation  Not all can read but they can see it in
 They represent certain period of the microfilm or digital format
past
 Contains both primary and secondary Appreciating Historical Sources
information  Should have skeptical mind and should
 Access is restricted and subject o be open to new ideas
conservation and preservation by  Should be always to modify his views in
specialist the face of new evidence or a
 Not all old documents can be preserved persuasive argument
as archival documents  Necessary to interpret document based
on the reader’s own perspective
Philippine National Archives
 Main archive of PH EXTERNAL CRITICISM
 Contains 2M documents dating back to Examines the following;
the Spanish Period  if the document is genuine
 Archives of UST- Dominican order in Ph  Determine the nature of authenticity
 Archives at ADMU- Jesuits  Who made the document
 Where did he do the document
National Library of the PH  Was the author living when he made
 Main library of Philippines the document
 Known as for its Filipiniana Division  What accounts for its preservation
 Rare Books- books from Spanish and  Why did it remains
American Era  Was there a promise
 The repository of the original Noli Me - Some researcher may promised
Tangere, El Filibusterismo and Rizal’s some compensation in exchange
letter and last poem which are stores in for a testimony from respondent
special vault - Some respondents are afraid of
UST Library libel cases for unfavorable
 oldest library in the Philippines description
 a.k.a Fr. Miguel de Benavides Library
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 Was there a threat or any form of Rumor- information that is believed to be true
coercion and obtained from another source that is not
 For what purpose was the document primary
written
- Raise questions of validity and *If a rumor is uncorroborated it becomes a
reliability hearsay*
EXAMPLE: Diff. versions of the Cry of
Balintawak  Was the author a major participant
 Was there any ulterior motive Major Participant or Planner- has a diff.
- Written for purpose of self- perspective and can speak with authority about
serving the event
EXAMPLE:
- Antonio de Morga’s account of  Was the author competent
the Battle of Fortune Island on *Although information from less competent
Dec. 1, 1600 sources may be given less consideration, these
- First Cry of the Philippine may give diff. perspectives about the same
Revolution in 1896 event*
 Are there other versions of the
document  Was the author emotionally connected
EXAMPLE: Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo made to the event
diff. descriptions about the true color of the  Do the contents make sense
Philippine Flag.  Are the events reasonable as it
- Azuloscuro  Azulcielo happened
- Dark blue  Sky blue black  Is the document suffering from
hindsight
*Many documents have been proven as - Hindsight- historical
forgeries (imitation)* erroring which the past is
 Example: Code of Kalantiaw Code- judged from the standards
proven to be a 20th century hoax or perspectives of the
present
INTERNAL CRITICISM  Does the language show any sign of bias
 Determine if the content is accurate  Do other version exists
 Concerned with what the document - The reader must undergo
say proper analysis to know
 Is it likely that what the author says which one would be more
happen really did happen. What if it is? correct
- Hyperbole
- Metaphor
- Simile
Hearsay- uncorroborated or unproven
information
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Readings in Philippine History

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

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READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

CHAPTER 1: Forgetting History- worst enemy of

3. Uses history universally

-Non-Official Papers-  Autobiography

- Contains laws, decrees, letters of

- Service records or hojas de  Created through his earth possessions

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