Friday, September 27, 2019

SIMPLE FORMS
I. SIMPLE PRESENT
A. Functions:
1. To show condition or position at present.
2. To show general truth or habitual activities.

B. Time signals in Simple Present:

1. every day = setiap hari
2. every month = setiap bulan
3. in the morning = di pagi hari
4. in the afternoon = di siang hari
5. in the evening = di sore hari
6. at night = di malam hari
7. on Friday = di hari Jumat
8. in December = di bulan Desember
9. always = selalu
10. usually = biasanya
11. often = sering
12. sometimes = kadang – kadang
13. seldom = jarang

C. Kinds:
1. Nominal Sentences:
a. Positive sentences:
I am
He/She/It/Singular is complement
You/We/They/Plural are

Examples:
1. I am a student of Civil Engineering Department of Kadiri University.
 Saya adalah seorang mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Sipil Universitas Kadiri.

2. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline.

 Teknik sipil adalah sebuah disiplin ilmu teknik professional.

3. Civil engineers are academic graduates in civil engineering.

 Para insinyur teknik sipil merupakan lulusan akademis di bidang teknik
sipil.

b. Negative sentences:
I am not
He/She/It/Singular is not / isn’t complement
You/We/They/Plural are not / aren’t

Examples:
1. I am not interested in that development project.
 Aku tidak tertarik dengan proyek pembangunan itu.
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 2. Bachelor of Engineering Degree is not an ultimate goal for myself.
 Gelar Sarjana Teknik bukan sebuah tujuan akhir untuk diriku.

3. Most people are not familiar with Physics and Chemic.

 Kebanyakan orang tidak akrab dengan Fisika dan Kimia.

c. Interrogative sentences:
Am I
Is He/She/It/Singular complement?
Are You/We/They/Plural

Examples:
1. Am I qualified enough to conduct the urban development?
 Apakah aku cukup layak mengadakan pembangunan di daerah
perkotaan?

2. Is that guy a civil engineering graduate from Kadiri University?

 Apakah orang itu seorang lulusan teknik sipil Universitas Kadiri?

3. Are those civil engineers the right choice for this project?
 Apakah para insinyur sipil itu pilihan yang tepat untuk proyek ini?

2. Verbal Sentences:
a. Positive sentences:
He/She/It/Singular verb 1 + s/es
object
I/You/We/They/Plural verb 1

Examples:
1. Civil engineering takes place in various public sectors.
 Teknik sipil berperan di berbagai sektor publik.

2. Civil engineers work closely with surveyors and specialized civil engineers.
 Para insinyur teknik bekerja sama dengan para penyurvei dan insinyur
sipil khusus.

b. Negative sentences:
He/She/It/Singular does not/doesn’t
verb 1 object
I/You/We/They/Plural do not/don’t

Examples:
1. A graduate of civil engineering doesn’t need long time to get a good job.
 Seorang lulusan teknik sipil tidak perlu waktu lama untuk
mendapatkan pekerjaan yang bagus.

2. Some civil engineers don’t inspect the dam construction accurately.

 Beberapa insinyur sipil tidak memeriksa pembangunan bendungan itu
dengan teliti.

c. Interrogative sentences:
Does he/she/it/singular
verb 1 object?
Do I/you/we/they/plural
Examples:
1. Does your supervisor ask you to repair the leak on the water reservoir?
 Apakah pengawasmu meminta kamu memperbaiki kebocoran di
tempat penampungan air?
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 2. Do the engineers estimate the cost of the bridge restoration precisely?
 Apakah para insinyur itu memperkirakan biaya perbaikan jembatan
dengan tepat?

II. SIMPLE PAST

A. Functions:
1. To show condition or position in the past.
2. To show activities in the past.

B. Time Signals in Simple Past:

1. this morning = pagi ini
2. yesterday = kemarin
3. last night = tadi malam
4. last Tuesday = Selasa lalu
5. last week = minggu lalu
6. last month = bulan lalu
7. last year = tahun lalu
8. two days ago = 2 hari yang lalu
9. three weeks ago = 3 minggu yang lalu
10. five years ago = 5 tahun yang lalu

C. Kinds:
1. Nominal Sentences:
a. Positive sentences:
I/He/She/It/Singular was
complement
You/We/They/Plural were

Examples:
1. Thomas Telford was the first president of the Institution of Civil Engineers
London in 1820.
 Thomas Telford adalah presiden pertama Lembaga Insinyur Sipil
London pada tahun 1820.

2. Pyramids in Egypt were some of the first instances of large structure

constructions between 2700 – 2500 BC.
 Piramida di Mesir adalah beberapa contoh pertama struktur
bangunan besar antara tahun 2700 – 2500 SM.

b. Negative sentences:
I/He/She/It/Singular was not / wasn’t
complement
You/We/They/Plural were not / weren’t

Examples:
1. In the past time, civil engineering was not different from architecture.
 Di masa lalu, teknik sipil tidak berbeda dengan arsitektur.

2. The pavements of McAdam and the bridges of Perronet were not the works
of military engineer.
 Trotoar McAdam dan jembatan Perronet bukan hasil karya insinyur
militer.

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 c. Interrogative sentences:
Was I/he/she/it/singular
complement?
Were you/we/they/plural

Examples:
1. Was the development of water supplies a feature of the earliest
civilizations?
 Apakah pembangunan persediaan air ciri dari peradaban paling awal?

2. Were rivers very important as a cheap means of transportation in ancient

time?
 Apakah sungai sangat penting sebagai sarana transportasi di jaman
purba?

2. Verbal Sentences:
a. Positive sentences:
Subject Verb 2 Object

Examples:
1. In 1927 welding pioneer Stefan Bryla designed the first welded road bridge
in the world.
 Pada tahun 1927 pelopor pengelasan Stefan Bryla merancang
jembatan jalan yang dilas pertama di dunia.

2. Sui Dynasty built the oldest surviving stone bridge in China, the Zhaozhou
Bridge, from 595 to 605 AD.
 Dinasti Sui membangun jembatan batu tertua yang masih bertahan di
Cina, Jembatan Zhaozhou, dari tahun 595 hingga tahun 605 M.

b. Negative sentences:
Subject did not/didn’t Verb 1 Object

Examples:
1. People did not use asphalt on the surface of the roadways before 19th
century.
 Orang – orang tidak menggunakan aspal pada permukaan jalan raya
sebelum abad ke-19.

2. Scientists did not understand about earthquakes before the emergence of

seismology at the beginning of the 20th century.
 Para ilmuwan tidak paham tentang gempa bumi sebelum kemunculan
seismologi di awal abad ke-20.

c. Interrogative sentences:
Did Subject Verb 1 Object?

Examples:
1. Did aftershocks occur after the horrible earthquake in West Java last
month?
 Apakah gempa susulan terjadi setelah gempa bumi yang menakutkan
di Jawa Barat bulan lalu?

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 2. Did the 8.3 magnitude earthquake shake the southern regions of Java
island two days ago?
 Apakah gempa bumi skala 8,3 magnitudo mengguncang wilayah
selatan pulau Jawa 2 hari yang lalu?

III. SIMPLE FUTURE

A. Functions:
1. To show condition or position in the future.
2. To show activities in the future.

B. Time Signals in Simple Future:

1. tonight = nanti malam
2. tomorrow = besok
3. later = nanti
4. next Saturday = Sabtu depan
5. next week = minggu depan
6. next month = bulan depan
7. next year = tahun depan
8. two days later = 2 hari lagi
9. four months later = 4 bulan lagi
10. two years later = 2 tahun lagi

C. Kinds:
1. Nominal Sentences:
a. Positive sentences:
I/We shall
be complement
Subjects will

Examples:
1. I shall be a professional civil engineer in the future.
 Aku akan menjadi seorang insinyur sipil profesional di masa yang akan
datang.

2. Civil engineering will be very important in the development of our country.

 Teknik sipil akan sangat penting dalam pembangunan negara kita.

b. Negative sentences:
I/We shall not/shan’t
be complement
Subjects will not/won’t

Examples:
1. We shall not be disappointed to choose civil engineer as a profession.
 Kita tidak akan kecewa memilih insinyur sipil sebagai sebuah profesi.

2. You will not be a good civil engineer without honesty, discipline,

responsibility, and hard work.
 Kamu tidak akan menjadi seorang insinyur sipil yang bagus tanpa
kejujuran, kedisiplinan, tanggung jawab, dan kerja keras.

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 c. Interrogative sentences:
Shall I/we
be complement?
Will subjects

Examples:
1. Shall we be the guest speakers at the seminar about construction design?
 Apakah kita akan menjadi pembicara tamu pada seminar tentang
desain bangunan tersebut?

2. Will the senior engineers be on the building site tomorrow?

 Apakah para insinyur senior akan berada di lokasi bangunan besok?

2. Verbal Sentences:
a. Positive sentences:
I/We shall
verb 1 object
Subjects will

Examples:
1. We shall build a new dam on the slope of the mountain.
 Kami akan membangun bendungan baru di lereng gunung.

2. Civil engineering will cover all aspects in the construction of public

facilities.
 Teknik sipil akan mencakup semua aspek dalam pembangunan fasilitas
– fasilitas umum.

b. Negative sentences:
I/We shall not/shan’t
verb 1 object
Subjects will not/won’t

Examples:
1. I shan’t design a usual skyscraper for my next project.
 Aku tidak akan merancang sebuah pencakar langit biasa untuk
proyekku berikutnya.

2. Professional civil engineers will not devastate the existence of natural

environment around the construction sites.
 Para insinyur sipil profesional tidak akan merusak keberadaan
lingkungan alam di sekitar lokasi pembangunan.

c. Interrogative sentences:
Shall I/we
verb 1 object?
Will subjects

Examples:
1. Shall we join the auction of the undersea pipeline construction?
 Apakah kita akan ikut lelang pembangunan jalur pipa bawah laut?

2. Will the civil engineers join to reconstruct the unprecedented impact of

hurricane Irma in USA?
 Apakah para insinyur sipil akan ikut memulihkan dampak dari badai
Irma yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya di Amerika Serikat?

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IV. ASSIGNMENTS
A. Individual Assignments:
1. Make 15 nominal sentences about Civil Engineering in Simple Present.
2. Make 15 verbal sentences about Civil Engineering in Simple Present.
3. Submit your assignments today to my e-mail:
annvalanta1974@gmail.com

B. Group Assignments:
1. Make 15 nominal sentences about Civil Engineering in Simple Past.
2. Make 15 verbal sentences about Civil Engineering in Simple Past.
3. Make 15 nominal sentences about Civil Engineering in Simple Future.
4. Make 15 verbal sentences about Civil Engineering in Simple Future.
5. The deadline of the assignments will be on Friday, October 10, 2019.
6. Submit your assignments to my e-mail:

annvalanta1974@gmail.com