416e Npi PDF

SERVXXX
February 2006
GLOBAL SERVICE LEARNING
TECHNICAL PRESENTATION
"E" SERIES BACKHOE LOADERS

INTRODUCTION
PRELIMINARY
Service Training Meeting Guide
(STMG)
INTRODUCTION
AUDIENCE
Level II - Service personnel who understand the principles of machine system operation,
diagnostic equipment, and procedures for testing and adjusting.
CONTENT
This presentation provides an introduction and describes the components and systems operation
of the electrical system, power train, and implement and steering systems for the "E" Series
Backhoe Loader. This presentation may also be used for self-paced and self-directed learning.
OBJECTIVES
After learning the information in this presentation, the technician will be able to:
1. identify the correct operation of the "E" Series Backhoe Loader electrical system, power
train, implement and steering systems; and,
2. diagnose problems in the "E" Series Backhoe Loader electrical system, power train, and
implement and steering systems.
REFERENCES
STMG "Distributor-type Mechanical Fuel Pump - 3044C/3046

Tier II Engines" SERV1777
PREREQUISITES
"Fundamentals of Engines Self Study Course" TEMV3001

"Fundamentals of Mobile Hydraulics Self Study Course" TEMV3002
"Fundamentals of Power Train Self Study Course" TEMV3003
"Fundamentals of Electrical Systems Self Study Course" TEMV3004
Estimated Time: 16 Hours

Illustrations: XX
Handouts: XX
Form: SERVXXX
Date: 02/06
© 2006 Caterpillar Inc.

SERVXXX -3- Text Reference
2/06
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................5
OPERATOR'S STATION............................................................................................................19
ENGINE......................................................................................................................................38
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ...........................................................................................................45
POWER TRAIN .........................................................................................................................51

Standard Transmission ..........................................................................................................51
Autoshift Transmission .........................................................................................................56
Axles and Brakes ..................................................................................................................70
416E/422E/428E IMPLEMENT HYDRAULIC SYSTEM .......................................................77

Implement and Steering Pump..............................................................................................79
Mechanical Loader Valve Group ..........................................................................................86
Ride Control System.............................................................................................................95
Mechanical Backhoe Valve Group .......................................................................................99
420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E IMPLEMENT HYDRAULIC SYSTEM.........................113

Implement and Steering Pump............................................................................................117
Mechanical Loader Valve Group ........................................................................................124
Ride Control System...........................................................................................................133
Pilot Loader Valve Group ...................................................................................................135
Pilot Backhoe Valve Group ................................................................................................142
STEERING SYSTEM ..............................................................................................................163

Two Wheel Steer System....................................................................................................163
All Wheel Steer (AWS) System .........................................................................................166
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................170
HYDRAULIC SCHEMATIC COLOR CODE.........................................................................171
HANDOUTS.............................................................................................................................173
2/06
NOTES
2/06

INTRODUCTION
© 2006 Caterpillar Inc.
INTRODUCTION
The "E" Series Backhoe Loader family is the latest generation of Caterpillar Backhoe Loaders
retaining many of the features proven on the "D" Series machines along with additional
performance and design improvements.
This presentation discusses the components and system operation of the "E" Series Backhoe
Loaders.
The hydraulic system has been changed from a Load Sensing/Pressure Compensated LS/PC
system to a Proportional Priority, Pressure Compensated PPPC system. Two types of PPPC
systems are used. The 416E/422E/428E machines with mechanically controlled implement
hydraulic valves use one type of PPPC system. The 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E
machines use another type of PPPC system.
The "E" Series BHL product line is the first new complete redesign since the "C" Series, and
brings significant improvements in performance, operator comfort, controllability, versatility,
and styling.
2/06
"E" SERIES BACKHOE LOADER MACHINE SYSTEMS

LOADER BACKHOE BACKHOE LOADER
MODEL POWER TRAIN STEERING ENGINE BRAKES
LINKAGE LINKAGE HYDRAULICS HYDRAULICS
2WD 3054C NA
416E Single Tilt Center Pivot Mechanical Mechanical AWD 2WS No Boost
3054C Turbo
Single Tilt Mechanical

Center Pivot 2WD
420E Pilot 2WS 3054C Turbo Boosted
AWD
Parallel Lift Pilot
3054C NA
422E Single Tilt Side Shift Mechanical Mechanical 2WD or AWD 2WS No Boost
3054C Turbo
428E Parallel Lift Side Shift Mechanical Mechanical AWD 2WS 3054C Turbo No Boost
Single Tilt Mechanical

430E Center Pivot Pilot AWD 2WS 3054C Turbo Boosted
Parallel Lift Pilot
432E Parallel Lift Side Shift Pilot Pilot AWD 2WS / AWS 3054C Turbo Boosted
434E Parallel Lift Side Shift Pilot Pilot AWD AWS 3054C Turbo Boosted
442E Parallel Lift Side Shift Pilot Pilot AWD 2WS/AWS 3054C Turbo Boosted
444E Parallel Lift Side Shift Pilot Pilot AWD AWS 3054C Turbo Boosted
The "E" Series machines include models that are equipped with the center pivot backhoe and
the sideshift backhoe. The sideshift models 434E and 444E are equipped with Equal Size Tires
(ETS). The last digit ("4") in the model number designates the ETS option.
The 416E and 422E models are equipped with a single tilt loader and the 420E and 430E
models can be equipped with a single tilt or parallel lift loader. The 428E and the 432E through
444E models come standard with the parallel lift loader.
The 416E, 422E, and 428E include mechanically controlled loader and backhoe implement
hydraulic valves. The 420E and 430E models can be equipped with mechanically controlled or
pilot controlled loader valves. The backhoe valves on the 420E and 430E are pilot controlled.
The loader and backhoe valves on the 432E-444E are pilot controlled hydraulic valves.
The "E" Series machines are equipped with either a two wheel drive or All Wheel Drive (AWD)
power train and a standard or autoshift transmission.
NOTE: The standard countershaft transmission is available in all "E" Series models.
The autoshift transmission is also available on the 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E
models.
The standard and autoshift transmissions feature new control solenoids which provide improved
clutch pressure modulation for smoother clutch engagement and longer life.
2/06
An All Wheel Steer (AWS) system is available on the 432E and 442E models and standard on
the 434E and 444E models.
The "E" Series backhoe loaders are powered by direct injection, four cylinder Caterpillar
3054C diesel engines. Turbocharged engines are optional on the 416E and 422E models and
standard on all other models.
The 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E machines are equipped with hydraulically assisted

master cylinders to reduce the amount of pedal effort. An external brake boost valve uses oil
from the pilot accumulator to add boost to the master cylinder. The hydraulic force multiplies
the pedal effort so the operator can get more braking force with less effort.
2/06
SIMILARITIES WITH FORMER MACHINES

- Engine
- Steering System
- Ride Control
- Maintenance
The "E" Series machines have many similarities to the machines they are replacing.
The basic engine and fuel system are the same as the updated "D" Series Tier II machines.
Glow plugs have replaced the thermal starting aid and a start aid relay has been added.
The two wheel steering system is the same except two crossover relief valves have been added.
The All Wheel Steer system is the same as the updated "D" Series machines.
The ride control system is similar except for a second solenoid that has been added, which
combines the check valve and shutoff valve.
Most of the daily service fill and check points are the same and can be accessed through the
hinged engine hood.
2/06
DIFFERENCES FROM FORMER MACHINES
- Operators Station
- E-Stick
- Electrical System
- Transmission
- Rear Axle
- Joysticks
- Pattern Switching Valve
- Brake Master Cylinders
- Steering and Implement Pump
- PPPC Implement Hydraulic System
- Powered Sideshift Option
The "E" Series machines feature several changes over the previous models to improve operator
comfort and machine performance.
The operator compartment features new console layouts. The heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning includes 15 louvers and air towers, which provide significant improvements to air
circulation.
The E-Stick uses an extendible slider with a new wear pad design.
The electrical system has changed significantly from the previous models. One fuse and relay
block replaces the two fuse and relay blocks on the previous machine. The Cat ET connector is
also located below the fuse panel and is now accessible without removing the fuse block access
panel. The Machine ECM replaces the Auxiliary ECM and Autoshift ECM.
Modulation valves have been added to the standard and autoshift transmissions to improve
clutch modulation, which results in smoother transmission shifting. A forward drive gear has
been added to the countershaft in the standard transmission. The forward drive gear increases
the machine top speed to 40 km/h (25 mph) the same as the autoshift transmission.
The rear final drive planetary gears have been moved outboard of the differential. Brake
inspection ports have been added to the axle.
The pilot loader joysticks and pilot backhoe joysticks have been redesigned.
SERVXXX - 10 - Text Reference
2/06
The pattern switching valve is controlled by a switch and two solenoids rather than
mechanically as on the "D" Series.
The 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E machines are now equipped with hydraulically assisted

master cylinders, which decreases pedal effort when braking.
A torque selector solenoid has been added to the steering and implement pump on the
420E/430E/432E/434E/442E and 444E machines, which provides a higher pump setting.
The implement hydraulic system has changed from a LS/PC system to a PPPC system, which
provides better performance when using multiple functions.
The sideshift machines can be equipped with an optional powered sideshift, which allows the
backhoe to be hydraulically shifted across the slider.
2/06
The new "E" Series cab with curved glass and contoured fenders gives the machine a distinct
new look, improves serviceability, and provides superior visibility. The sleek hood is lowered
for visibility and tilts forward for easy access.
A new mainframe provides a longer wheelbase for improved balance and is designed to provide
durability for improved performance. The swing casting has an improved geometry for hose
routing clearance and increased durability. With replaceable bushings in the swing casting,
adjustable shim packs in the E-Stick and sideshift stabilizer legs, and a Diagonal Retention
System for bucket tooth tips, the "E" Series is easier to maintain.
2/06
2 3
8
4
7
6 5
Access to the top of the engine and several maintenance items is obtained by opening the
hood (1). Service points accessible when the hood is opened are:
- Hydraulic tank fill tube (2)
- Washer fill bottle (3)
- Transmission oil fill tube (4)
- Engine oil fill tube (5)
- Engine oil dipstick (6)
- Air filter housing (7)
- Air filter indicator (8)
2/06
8
1
2
3
The hydraulic oil sight gauge (1) is located on the left side of the machine in front of the cab.
The hydraulic oil filter (2) is located below the machine at the left frame rail. The hydraulic oil
filter bypass switch (3) is mounted to the oil filter base.
2/06
10
5
3
6 7
8 11
The left side of the engine (top illustration) and right side of the engine (bottom illustration)
are accessed by removing the side panels. The side panels are light weight non-metallic for
easy removal. The following components are visible with the side panels removed:
- Air conditioning compressor (1) - Hydraulic oil cooler (5)
- Cold start temperature switch (2) - Coolant temperature sender (6)
- Electrical fuel priming pump relay (3) - Coolant temperature switch (7)
- Oil pressure switch (4) - Transmission oil cooler (8)

2/06
12
The new extendible stick (E-Stick) uses an external slider with a new wear pad design, which
provides increased life and simplified serviceability. The E-Stick outer slider protects the inner
slider from damage and debris and includes serrated gripping edges for improved clamping
capabilities.
Provisions for mounting a hydraulically controlled thumb is standard equipment on some

machines.
2/06
4
4 2
1
13
The E-Stick is adjustable up and down by sliding the wedges (1) located at each end of the
E-Stick. The wedges can be moved by loosening the two bolts (2) on the E-Stick and adjusting
the set screw (3). Slide the wedges in to tighten and out to loosen the E-Stick.
The E-Stick is adjustable back and forth by changing the amount of shims (4) located in two
places along the side of the E-Stick. The shims can be accessed by removing four bolts and a
plate (5) on the E-Stick.
2/06
14
"E" Series sideshift machines have a new slide frame (top right illustration) with new externally
serviceable slide frame lock cylinders and reversible/replaceable wear plates (1). The lock
cylinders can be serviced in the field with standard tools.
The stabilizers (2) are now externally adjustable.
A powered sideshift (bottom right illustration) is available, which allows the operator to
hydraulically shift the backhoe across the slider.
The 434E and 444E sideshift models are equipped with equal size tires as shown in this
illustration, which provides lower ground pressure due to a larger tire footprint in contact with
the ground.
2/06
3
2
15
This illustration shows the optional powered sideshift (1) attachment. The powered sideshift
moves the backhoe across the slider using a hydraulic cylinder (2). Wear pads (3) on the slider
and powered sideshift assembly are serviceable.
2/06
16
OPERATOR'S STATION
The new "E" Series cab offers an improved operator environment, with increased visibility,
ergonomics, and comfort. The pod-mounted joystick controls on machines with a pilot
controlled backhoe valve offer increased comfort, control, and versatility.
The air conditioning system performance has improved with 15 louvers and air towers at the
rear. There is now a separate accumulator and dryer. The dryer requires replacement every
3000 hours or two years.
Other cab features include:
- Automotive style finish
- Curved glass maximizes space within the cab and provides 360° visibility
- Air Suspension seat
- Low effort machine controls
- Personal storage space

2/06
- Joystick pattern switch (pilot controlled machines)
- Continuous flow for auxiliary functions (optional)

2/06
6
1 2
5 4
17
The front of the cab includes the features described below.
The left turn and parking brake indicator (1) are located at the left side of the steering console.
To the right is the high beam and right turn indicators (2). Also located on the steering console
is the hazard switch (3).
On the right of the steering column is the turn signal/lights/wiper control lever (4). The
transmission control lever (5) is on the left of the steering column.
Also visible is the optional AWS position indicator gauge (6).

2/06
1
5
2 3 4
18
On the floor of the cab in front of the operator seat is the differential lock switch (1). Below
the steering column are the left brake pedal (2) right brake pedal (3), steering column tilt
lever (4), and the accelerator pedal (5). A large storage compartment (6) is located below the
front dash.
2/06
2 3 4
1
7 5
6
19
To the left of the steering column are the following components:
- Quick coupler switch (1) (if equipped)
- Continuous loader flow switch (2)
- 12 volt auxiliary circuit switch (3) (if equipped)
- Transmission neutral switch (4)
- Broom angle control switch (5) (if equipped)
The AWD switch (6, if equipped) is now a three-position switch. The three positions (from left
to right) are AWD, AWD BRAKING, and OFF.
On the left side of the console is the service hour meter (7).
2/06
2
3
1
4
5
6
20
To the right of the steering column are the following components:
- Autoshift switch (1) (if equipped)
- Ride control switch (2) (if equipped)
- Roading lights switch (3) (if equipped)
- Horn switch (4) (if equipped)
- All Wheel Steer control switch (5) (if equipped)
- All Wheel Steer indicators (6) (if equipped)

2/06
2 4
6
7
5
3
8
21
Located to the right of the operator seat are the following components:
- Loader joystick (1)
- Parking brake lever (2)
- Switch panel (3)
- Gauge cluster (4)
- Governor lever (5)
- Left stabilizer control lever (6)
- Right stabilizer control lever (7)
- Boom lock lever (8)

2/06
3 4
20 6
2 5
1
9 10
7 8 11
19
18
13 15 17
12 14 16
22
The right console contains the key start switch (1) located to the left of the gauge cluster. The
gauge cluster includes the engine coolant temperature gauge (2), torque converter outlet
temperature gauge (3), fuel level gauge (4), and tachometer gauge (5). The indicator panel (6)
is in the center of the gauge cluster. Below the gauge cluster are the following switches:
- Starting aid (7)
- Rotating beacon (8)
- Rear fog light (9) (if equipped)
- Spare (10)
- Rear wiper and washer (11)
- Implement lockout (12)
- Heater A/C (13)
- Front flood lights (14)
- Temperature control knob (15)
- Rear flood lights (16)
- Fan speed (17)
- Sideshift control switch for powered sideshift machines (18) (if equipped)
NOTE: The mechanical sideshift control switch is not shown in this illustration.
- Continuous backhoe flow switch (19) (if equipped)
- Machine security system indicator (20) (if equipped)
2/06
1 2
3
4 5 6
23
The indicator panel located in the center of the right console dash includes the following
indicators:
The action light (1) illuminates when a malfunction occurs in a machine system.
The engine oil pressure alert indicator (2) will light and an audible alarm will sound when the
engine oil pressure is low.
The brake oil level alert indicator (3) will light and an audible alarm will sound when the brake
reservoir oil is low.
The air filter alert indicator (4) will light when the air filter becomes clogged.
The charging system alert indicator (5) comes on if there is a malfunction in the electrical
system.
The fuel system water separator alert indicator (6) indicates a plugged fuel/water separator.
2/06
2
24
25
These illustrations show the loader joystick (1) with a pilot controlled loader valve. The pilot
controlled loader valve joystick includes a thumbwheel switch (2) that controls the auxiliary
functions and two buttons (3) that control the AWS maneuvering. Also located on the front of
the joystick is the transmission neutralizer and downshift switch (4).
2/06
7
3
4 1 2
5
26
This illustration shows the loader joystick (1) with a mechanically controlled loader valve.
With a mechanically controlled loader control valve an auxiliary control lever (2) is located
between the joystick and parking brake lever (3). Also located on the front of the joystick is
the transmission neutralizer switch (4). The neutralizer switch disengages the transmission.
The parking brake release lever (5) is located at the front of the parking brake lever.
Also visible in this illustration is the transmission shift lever (6) for machines equipped with the
standard transmission. A transmission neutralizer switch (7) is also located on the front of the
transmission shift lever.
2/06
1 1
6
27
5
3 2
4
1 1
28
These illustrations show the backhoe joysticks (1) with a pilot controlled backhoe valve. The
left pilot joystick is equipped with a thumbswitch (2) to control the auxiliary functions (if
equipped) and a horn switch (3). The right joystick is equipped with a thumbswitch (4) to
control the E-Stick (if equipped) or a hammer (if installed).
The boom lock lever (5) locks the boom in place for machine travel. The pilot control pod
lever (6) allows adjustment of the pilot lever pods.
The joystick default pattern is the excavator pattern. An alternate backhoe pattern can be
selected using the joystick pattern switch (not visible) located to the right of the operator's seat
(when facing toward rear).
2/06
The joystick excavator pattern is:
Left joystick: Right joystick:
- Forward: Stick out - Forward: Boom lower

- Rear: Stick in - Rear: Boom raise
- Right: Swing right - Right: Bucket dump
- Left: Swing left - Left: Bucket close
The joystick backhoe pattern is:
Left joystick: Right joystick:
- Forward: Boom lower - Forward: Stick in

- Rear: Boom raise - Rear: Stick out
- Right: Swing right - Right: Bucket dump
- Left: Swing left - Left: Bucket close
2/06
1 2
29
30
These illustrations show the backhoe controls with a mechanically controlled backhoe valve.
The standard control pattern for the "E" Series is the same as on all previous backhoe models.
The left joystick (1) is used to control the boom and swing functions. The right joystick (2) is
used to control the bucket and stick functions.
The pedal (3) on the floor to the right of the joysticks controls the E-Stick (if equipped) or a
hammer (if installed).
NOTE: The auxiliary functions (if installed) are controlled by a pedal (not shown) on
the floor to the left of the joystick.
2/06
31
1
32
The joystick pattern switch (1) is located to the right of the operator's seat (when facing toward
the rear) on machines with a pilot controlled backhoe. The joystick pattern switch controls two
solenoids that allow the backhoe controls to change from an excavator to a backhoe control
pattern. Press the top of the switch to select the excavator pattern. Press the bottom of the
switch to select the backhoe pattern.
A decal (2) illustrates the joystick pattern options. The top half of the decal shows the
excavator pattern and the bottom half of the decal shows the backhoe pattern.
Also located next to the joystick pattern switch is a storage compartment (3).
2/06
33
34
Located inside the door on each side of the machine are 12 volt power ports (1).
NOTE: The 12 volt power port on the left side of the machine is not available on the
416E/422E/428E machines.
Also located inside the right door is the Cat ET connector (2) and the fuse panel (3). The fuse
panel cover has been removed in the top illustration.
2/06
35
1
5
4
6
7
10 36
8
11
9
12
This illustration shows the fuse panel (1) with the cover (2) removed. The fuse panel includes
a decal (3) that lists the machine fuses and relays.
The machine relays are:
- K1 Backup alarm (4)

- K2 Horn (5)
- K3 Position lamp (6)
- K4 Differential lock (7)
- K5 Not used (8)
2/06
- K6 Not used (9)

- K7 Ride control (10)
- K8 AWD brake (11)
- K9 Implement enable (12)
NOTE: There are six fuses (not visible) for the three power relay modules. The fuses
are located next to the fuse panel. Part of the console must be removed to access the
power relay modules and fuses.
2/06
37
The cab air filter (1) is located behind a panel (2) on the right side of the operator's station.
The cab air filter is accessed by opening a panel (3) on the right fender.
A clean air intake (4) is also located on the right side of the cab.
2/06
38
ENGINE
The "E" Series Backhoe Loader machines are equipped with a 3054C engine. The 3054C
engine meets EPA Tier II emissions requirements, the same as the "D" Series update machines.
The standard engine for the 416E and 422E is the 3054C DINA (Direct Injection Naturally
Aspirated) engine which maintains the same horsepower as the previous machines at
55 kW (74hp).
The optional engine for the 416E and 422E is the 3054C DIT (Direct Injection Turbocharged)
engine. The horsepower has been increased from 60 kW (80 hp) in the "D" Series models to
66 kW (89 hp) in the "E" Series models.
The 420E/428E/430E/432E/434E/442E and 444E machines are all equipped with the 3054C
turbocharged engine. Horsepower ratings are:
- 420E/428E/432E/434E with standard transmission: 66 kW (89 hp)
- 428E/430E/442E/444E with standard transmission: 72 kW (97 hp)
- 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E with autoshift transmission: 72 kW (97 hp)

2/06
39
40
2
The air filter (1) is similar to the air filter used on the updated "D" Series Backhoe Loaders, but
the air intake (2) is from the top of the air filter on the "E" Series machines. Air is vented from
the fan to the air filter through an opening (3) in the hood. The air filter incorporates both the
precleaner and air cleaner functions.
2/06
40A
The fuel tank (1) is located on the left side of the machine. The fuel level sender (2) is located
on the top of the fuel tank.
2/06
3
1
2
4
41
The "E" Series Backhoe Loaders use different fuel pumps depending on whether the engine is
naturally aspirated or turbocharged. Both fuel pumps have been used on other Caterpillar
products. These fuel pumps are not serviceable except by the manufacturer's certified service
centers.
Machines equipped with a naturally aspirated 3054C DINA engine (not shown) will have a
distributor-type mechanical fuel pump. These fuel pumps use a cam plate, rollers, and springs
to move the distributor plunger in and out of the fuel pump housing. This motion creates
pressurized fuel which is distributed to the injectors.
Machines equipped with a turbocharged 3054C DIT engine will have a distributor-type,
plunger-type mechanical fuel pump (1). These fuel pumps contain plungers, a cam ring, and
shoes in the rotor assembly. As the rotor turns, the cam ring forces the shoes and plungers in to
increase the fuel pressure. The pressurized fuel is then directed to the injectors.
If a new pump is installed on the engine, a locking bolt (2) and a two position spacer in the
pump flange below the timing mark on the pump engine flange must be loosened after
installing the pump on the engine. In the locked position, the bolt prevents the pump drive
shaft from turning. Move the spacer to provide additional clearance between the bolt head and
the pump flange to unlock the pump drive shaft. If this procedure is not performed, the fuel
pump will be damaged if an attempt is made to start the engine. If the screw is removed before
being installed on the engine, the fuel pump will no longer be timed and will require retiming at
the manufacturer's service center.
Both fuel pumps are also equipped with an engine shutdown solenoid (3) and automatic
advance mechanism (4).
2/06
2 1
42
42A
An electric fuel primer (1) is used on all "E" Series Backhoe Loaders. This primer pump
replaces the manually controlled lift pump used on previous backhoe engines.
The fuel primer and filter is located inside the left front frame rail next to the engine oil
filter (2).
The fuel filter water separator drain plug (3) is visible from below the engine.
2/06
FUEL INJECTION PUMP

3054C NATURALLY ASPIRATED ENGINE
Control Flyweight
Lever
Governor Lever
Full-load Adjusting
Screw
Drive
Shaft Engine Shutoff Solenoid
Distributor Head
Control Sleeve
Feed Pump
Roller Holder Plunger
Cam Plate
Timing
Advance High Pressure
Mechanism Plunger Return Spring Delivery Valve Pump Chamber
43
This cutaway illustration shows the distributor-type injection pump used on the naturally
aspirated 3054C which is standard on the 416E/422E models. The distributor pump has only
one high pressure pump chamber and one plunger regardless of the number of cylinders in the
engine. The fuel is delivered through a groove in the plunger to the outlet ports as determined
by the number of cylinders in the engine.
The injection pump consists of the following subassemblies:
Feed pump: Consists of a vane-type pump that pulls fuel from the tank and supplies fuel to
the high pressure pump chamber. The feed pump is driven by the pump drive shaft.
High pressure pump with distributor: Delivers fuel under high pressure through a plunger to
the delivery valves. The plunger moves axially due to the rotation of the cam plate. The
plunger is also driven by the pump drive shaft.
Mechanical governor: Controls engine speed through various load ranges. The flyweights
control the governor lever position.
Timing advance mechanism: Adjusts the start of fuel delivery as a function of pump speed
and load.
Engine shutoff solenoid: When de-energized, blocks fuel to the plunger fill port to stop the
engine.
NOTE: Refer to "Distributor-type Mechanical Fuel Pump-3044C/3046 Tier II Engines"

(SERV1777) for more information on the distributor-type mechanical fuel pump.
2/06
FUEL INJECTION PUMP

3054C TURBOCHARGED ENGINE
Low Idle High Idle Throttle Lever
Stop Stop
Governor Metering Valve
Spring
Fuel Shutoff
Solenoid
Vent Orifice
Fuel Inlet
Transfer
Fuel Return
Pressure
Check Valve
Regulator
Scroll Link Screen

Plate
Transfer
Drive
Pump
Shaft
Shifter and Plungers

Sleeve
To Injector
Governor
Flyweights Shoes
Scroll Plates
Rollers Cam Ring Automatic Advance Orifice

Mechanism Check Valve
44
This illustration shows the distributor-type fuel injection pump used on the turbocharged 3054C
engines.
Fuel is drawn by the transfer pump through the pressure regulator and sent to the metering
valve when the solenoid is energized. The fuel also flows through an annular groove around
the rotor to the orifice check valve and the automatic advance mechanism.
The metering valve controls the amount of fuel sent to the pumping elements inside the rotor
(plungers, cam ring, and shoes). As the rotor turns, the cam ring forces the shoes and plungers
in to increase the fuel pressure. The pressurized fuel is then directed to the injectors.
2/06
2
1
45
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
The "E" Series backhoe loaders are equipped with conventional 12 volt electrical systems with
negative ground and either a 100 amp alternator or a 120 amp alternator. The 100 amp
alternator is installed on the 416E/422E machines. The 420E/428E/430E/432E/434E/442E and
444E machines are equipped with a 120 amp alternator. The batteries (1) are located below the
cab on the right side of the machine. The batteries are accessed by opening a panel (2) below
the step to the cab.
The standard machines are equipped with a 12 volt maintenance free battery to supply power to
the system. The machines can be equipped with two batteries along with a heavy duty
alternator for cold weather climates or for use with additional operating lights (attachments).
The system does not have a disconnect switch. To disable the electrical system, remove the
battery ground cable from the main frame. The starting system is a key start and stop system.
2/06
"E" SERIES STARTING AND CHARGING SYSTEM

EMISSIONS ENGINE / START
123-EF53 WH 1 Excitation
2 Resistor
G S CBL LL1 RD
CBL AA1 RD
309 GY To Lamp Group
Mtr Bat
Pos Neg Pos Neg

Motor
101-EF9 RD 1 D+
5
2 450-YL W
304 WH 4 308 YL B+
Starter Alternator
3
TachR
CBL CC1 RD
Start
Power Module 1 Power Module 2
Relay
B+ B+ Fuel Lift
123-EF18 WH 1 Pump
5 Relay
60 A 60 A
2
4
60 A 60 A 3
Battery 1 308 YL
Ground 2 202 BK X977 YL 1 Motor
Forward Sol Return 3 2
Reverse Sol Return 4 308 YL 1 1
Forward Sol. Out 5 2 2
Reverse Sol. Out 6 1
Start Relay Out 7 306 GN 307 OR 2 Fuel Lift
Key Start Sw. Start 8 Pump
Not Used 9 Fuel Lift Pump
Not Used 10 USB SB USB SB Arc Suppressor
Not Used 11
Not Used 12
146-PA2 RD
Shuttle Control 146-PA6 RD
103-PA20 RD 123-EF23 WH Cold Start
103-PA1 RD
Advance
Solenoid
Fuse Block
Key Start
Switch 123-EF28 WH 1 A Fuel Shutoff
2 B Solenoid
Key Start
R 10 A
1 308 YL 20 A
Off C
2
On S Machine ECM 101-EF11 RD
3 307 OR 1
St B
4 105 RD 123-EF10 WH 5
2 Start Aid
4 Relay
3
146-PA2 RD
Lift Pump
Cold Start 384 BU 1
15 A 310 PU
Temp. Sw.
334 BU Cold Start 123 WH Start
°T Advance Glow
Solenoid Aid Switch Plugs
46
The starting and charging system on the "E" Series machines is similar to the "D" Series
machines.
When the key is in the START-RUN position and the transmission shift control lever is in
NEUTRAL, the start relay is energized through the transmission shift lever. With the start relay
closed, power from the battery energizes the starter solenoid and motor. The starter then
engages the flywheel ring gear and starts the engine. If the transmission shift lever is not in
NEUTRAL, no power is directed to the start relay, so the engine will not crank.
For cold starts, the start aid switch can be used to energize the glow plugs. The glow plugs
replaced the thermal starting aid coil. A start aid relay has also been added to the start aid
circuit.
2/06
47
The Machine ECM (1) now controls most of the machine functions and replaces the Auxiliary
Control ECM and the Autoshift ECM on machines equipped with a pilot controlled backhoe
valve. The Machine ECM is mounted to the bottom of the cab floor plate (2). The Machine
ECM includes two 70 pin connectors (3).
NOTE: The Machine ECM is not installed on machines equipped with a mechanical
backhoe valve (416E/422E/428E).
2/06
"E" SERIES BHL MACHINE ECM INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

Quick Coupler Relay
Transmission Output Speed Sensor
Transmission Auto / Manual Switch Transmission Forward Low Clutch Solenoid
Hydraulic Oil Temperature Sensor Transmission Reverse Clutch Solenoid
Stabilizer Neutral Switch Loader Auxiliary Valve Solenoid 1
Loader Quick Coupler Pins Switch Loader Auxiliary Valve Solenoid 2
Continuous Flow Switch
Backhoe Auxiliary Valve 1 Solenoid 1
Ride Control Switch
Park Brake Switch
Transmission Lock Switch
Implement Lockout Switch Backhoe Auxiliary Valve 2 Solenoid 2
Alternator W Terminal Transmission Forward High Clutch Solenoid
Key Start Switch (+BAT) Feature Alarm
Hydraulic Oil Filter Bypass Switch Transmission Speed Clutch Solenoid 1
Loader Joystick Thumb Switch Transmission Speed Clutch Solenoid 2

Machine Transmission Speed Clutch Solenoid 3
Machine Handle Attachment (8th Function) Switch
ECM
Ride Control Relay
Transmission Shift Lever
Action Lamp
Engine Oil Pressure Switch
Implement Enable Relay
Engine Coolant Temperature Switch
Backup Alarm Relay
Brake Fluid Level Switch
Hydraulic Filter Bypass Indicator
Air Filter Switch Torque Limiter Relay
Fuel Water Separator Switch Hydraulic Temperature Indicator
Right Joystick (7th Function) Switch
CAT ET
Right Joystick Neutralize Switch CAT Data Link
Product Link
CAN Data Link (If Equipped)
48
This illustration shows the Machine ECM input and output components on machines equipped
with a pilot controlled backhoe valve.
The Machine ECM receives signals from the machine input components and sends
corresponding signals to the machine output components to control several of the hydraulic
functions and the autoshift transmission.
NOTE: The Autoshift ECM has been eliminated. The power train is now controlled by
the Machine ECM.
The Machine ECM communicates on the Cat Data Link with Cat ET and on the J1939 CAN
Data Bus with Product Link (if equipped).
2/06
49
The Configuration screen in Cat ET shows the types of configurations that can be changed on
the "E" Series Backhoes. The left side of the screen also shows the available ECMs: Machine
Control, Product Link, and Shift Lever.
The configurations will be discussed later in the presentation.

2/06
50
This illustrations shows the Machine Status screen. Although the engine is not electronically
controlled, the Machine ECM monitors several engine parameters.
2/06
Torque Forward Idler

Converter Clutch Shaft
Housing
Reverse
Clutch
Pump
STANDARD
BACKHOE LOADER
TRANSMISSION Input
TWO WHEEL DRIVE Shaft
51
Countershaft
Forward Drive Gear Output

Shaft
Speed Gear
Synchronizer
Assembly
Torque Forward Idler

Converter Clutch Shaft
Housing
Reverse
Clutch
Pump
STANDARD
BACKHOE LOADER
TRANSMISSION Input
ALL WHEEL DRIVE Shaft
Countershaft
52
Output
Forward Drive Gear
Shaft
Speed Gear
Synchronizer AWD
Assembly Shaft
AWD
Clutch
POWER TRAIN
Standard Transmission
The standard countershaft transmission is similar to the "D" Series transmission. A forward
drive gear has been added to the countershaft, which increases the machine top speed to
40 km/h (25 mph) the same as the Autoshift transmission. The new gear is labeled in red for
both the two wheel drive transmission (top illustration) and All Wheel Drive (AWD)
transmission (bottom illustration).
The four-speed, direct drive, helical gear, constant mesh, synchronized standard transmission is
coupled with hydraulically engaged FORWARD and REVERSE clutches. Each multiple disc
clutch pack is controlled by a solenoid valve.
2/06
A manually actuated lever and shifter fork arrangement shifts the transmission through the four
fully synchronized speed ranges.
Power is transmitted from the torque converter to the input shaft. If FORWARD is selected, the
FORWARD clutch is engaged and power flows from the input shaft to the countershaft. The
countershaft causes all four speed gears to rotate. A synchronizer will engage one of the speed
gears with the output shaft. Power is then directed to the rear axle.
If the machine is equipped with All Wheel Drive (AWD), a separate shaft and clutch are
needed. An additional gear on the output shaft will transmit power to the AWD shaft.
A multiple disc clutch is part of the AWD shaft group. The clutch is hydraulically engaged and
spring released. A solenoid controlled valve (not shown) directs oil to pressurize or drain the
clutch. The solenoid is energized by the AWD switch on the left front console in the cab. The
front wheel drive axle can be engaged while the vehicle is moving by activating the AWD
switch.
2/06
STANDARD POWER TRAIN Load

Piston
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Flow
Control
FORWARD Orifice
Modulating
Relief
Filter Valves
F
Relief
Valve Directional
Selector
Solenoid Valve
Load
Piston
Pump Torque
Torque
Supply Converter Torque
Inlet Converter
Inlet Relief Converter
Pump Valve
Transmission
Lube
Torque
Oil Cooler Converter
Lube Outlet
Suction Screen
53
This illustration shows the power train hydraulic schematic for the standard transmission
equipped with two wheel drive.
Oil from the sump is drawn through a suction screen by a crescent-type gear pump located on
the transmission input shaft. From the pump, the oil is sent through a spin-on filter to the
transmission directional selector solenoid valve.
In NEUTRAL, the oil flow is blocked by the directional selector solenoid valve. Therefore, the
oil opens the relief valve and flows to the torque converter. A bypass orifice in the relief valve
is located between the supply circuit and torque converter circuit to make sure that oil is always
available to the torque converter when the machine is running.
The torque converter inlet relief valve protects the automotive-type torque converter from high
pressure (during cold start-up). Oil from the torque converter goes to the oil cooler, which is
located in front of the radiator.
From the cooler, the oil is used for lubrication. A passage directs lube oil to the input shaft of
the transmission. Oil from the shaft cools and lubricates the clutch assembly and input shaft
bearings. The output shaft, countershaft and reverse idler shaft are splash lubricated. The oil
then returns to the sump.
2/06
NOTE: The lines and fittings from the torque converter and the oil cooler are sized to
provide sufficient restriction to the oil in the torque converter. A torque converter outlet
relief valve is not required.
Modulating valves have been added to the directional selector solenoid valve. The modulating
valves improve clutch modulation, which results in smoother transmission shifting. The
modulating valves consists of a modulating relief valve, orifice, and load piston.
In this illustration with the directional selector spool shifted to the FORWARD position, oil
flows through an orifice and to the forward clutch. Oil also flows to one end of the modulating
relief valve and through an orifice to the other end of the modulating relief valve and to the
load piston.
As the oil flows into the clutch, pressure increases and the clutch begins to engage. Oil
pressure forces the modulating relief valve against spring force, which allows some oil to flow
through the relief valve to the tank.
Oil flows at a constant rate through the orifice to the load piston. The load piston moves at a
constant speed against spring force. The time it takes for the load piston to move down and
contact the stop is the hold time of the modulation valve.
The clutch fill time must be less than the hold time. When the load piston contacts the stop, the
large spring is compressed. When the load piston is completely down, the pressure increases to
system pressure. The relief valve limits the maximum clutch pressure.
2/06
STANDARD POWER TRAIN Load

Piston
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Flow
Control
ALL WHEEL DRIVE/FORWARD Orifice
Modulating
Relief
Filter Valves
F
Relief
Valve Directional
Selector
AWD Soleniod Solenoid Valve
Valve Load
Piston
Pump AWD Torque

Torque
Supply Converter Torque
Inlet Converter
Inlet Relief Converter
Pump Valve
Transmission
Lube
Torque
Oil Cooler Converter
Lube Outlet
Suction Screen
54
This illustration shows the power train hydraulic schematic for the standard transmission
equipped with All Wheel Drive (AWD).
The power train hydraulic system for AWD machines is the same as the two wheel drive
machines except for an external supply line which directs supply oil to the AWD solenoid
valve. When the solenoid is energized, oil engages the AWD clutch.
This schematic shows that the directional selector solenoid valve has been energized. Supply
oil flows through the valve to engage the FORWARD clutch.
2/06
AUTOSHIFT TRANSMISSION
Solenoid
Valves
Pump
Input
Shaft
Counter
Shaft
Output
Shaft
AWD
Shaft
55
Autoshift Transmission
A torque converter (not shown) provides a fluid connection between the engine and the
transmission.
The five-speed forward, three-speed reverse autoshift transmission is a constant-mesh,

countershaft design. The transmission transfers power to the drive axles. The Machine ECM
electronically controls the transmission by selectively energizing speed and directional
solenoids. The transmission is equipped with three speed and three directional solenoids. One
speed solenoid and one directional solenoid must be simultaneously energized for a
transmission gear to be engaged.
Transmissions with the optional AWD system (shown in this illustration) are equipped with an
AWD solenoid and an additional output shaft.
NOTE: The reverse shaft and clutch are not shown in this sectional view. It is shown
later in this presentation.
2/06
AUTOSHIFT POWER TRAIN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

FIRST GEAR FORWARD LOW
Data Link
Service Port
Shift Lever Parking Brake Switch

Ride Control Switch Machine Downshift / Neutralizer Switch
Auto / Manual Switch ECM Transmission Output Speed Sensor
Neutral Lock Switch Ride Control Disable
Regulated
Pressure
Orifice
Forward Forward
Filter 5 6 3 Reverse High 1 Low 4
2
Clutch Clutch Clutch
Solenoid Solenoid Solenoid
Speed Speed Speed
Clutch 2 Clutch 3 Clutch 1
1
3
Pump Load
Supply 2 Piston
Modulating Load Load Modulating

Relief Valve Piston Piston Relief Valves
Relief
LO Valve
Torque
R HI Converter Inlet
Pump Torque
Transmission
Lube Converter Torque
Suction Oil Cooler Converter
Torque Inlet
Screen Converter Relief Valve
Outlet
Lube
56
This illustration shows the power train hydraulic schematic for the autoshift transmission
equipped with two wheel drive.
Modulation valves have also been added to the forward low, forward high, and reverse clutch
solenoids. The modulation valves operate the same as previously described in the standard
transmission.
The Autoshift ECM has been eliminated. The autoshift transmission is now controlled by the
Machine ECM.
The Machine ECM contains the software to control transmission shifting. The software
compares the input information to the information stored in the Machine ECM to determine the
appropriate gear for the machine.
The Machine ECM then sends an output signal to energize solenoids for the appropriate clutch.
Through Cat ET, FIRST gear can be ENABLED or DISABLED.
2/06
FIRST gear is a relatively low (slow) gear ratio, and using it may not be necessary for normal
loader work or for roading. If using AUTOSHIFT for either loading or roading, disabling
FIRST gear eliminates an extra gear shift. In extreme hard digging conditions, the neutralizer
button can be used to downshift to FIRST, and then AUTOSHIFT will upshift the transmission
as the machine speed increases.
In summary, disabling FIRST makes the machine more responsive, smoother, and efficient
(more productive). Use FIRST gear only when required.
2/06
AUTOSHIFT POWER TRAIN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

ALL WHEEL DRIVE/FIRST SPEED FORWARD
Data Link
Service Port
Shift Lever Parking Brake Switch

Ride Control Switch Machine Downshift / Neutralizer Switch
Auto / Manual Switch ECM Transmission Output Speed Sensor
Neutral Lock Switch Ride Control Disable
Regulated
Pressure
Orifice
Forward Forward
Filter 5 6 3 Reverse High 1 Low 4
2
Clutch Clutch Clutch
Speed Speed Speed
Clutch 2 Clutch 3 Clutch 1
1
3
Load
2 Piston
Modulating Load Load Modulating

AWD Relief Valve Piston Piston Relief Valves
Relief
LO Valve
Torque
Pump
Supply R HI Converter Inlet
Pump Torque
Transmission
Lube Converter Torque
Suction Oil Cooler Converter
Torque Inlet
Screen Converter Relief Valve
Outlet
Lube
57
This illustration shows the power train hydraulic schematic for the autoshift transmission
equipped with All Wheel Drive (AWD).
The power train hydraulic system for AWD machines is the same as the two wheel drive
machines except for the AWD solenoid and clutch. When the AWD solenoid is energized, oil
engages the AWD clutch.
This schematic shows the No. 1 and No. 4 solenoids energized to engage the forward low
directional clutch and the No. 1 speed clutch to obtain FIRST SPEED FORWARD. The relief
valve limits the maximum clutch pressure.
2/06
Reverse Clutch
Forward High Forward Low
Clutch Clutch
Input
Shaft
Clutch 1
CLUTCH ENGAGEMENT
Forward Forward Counter
Gear Low High Reverse 1 2 3 Solenoid Shaft
5F X X 2 AND 6
Clutch 3
4F X X 1 and 6
3F X X 2 and 5 Output
Shaft
2F X X 2 and 4
AWD
1F X X 1 and 4
Clutch
N
Clutch 2
1R X X 3 and 4 AWD
Shaft
2R X X 3 and 5
3R X X 3 and 6
58
The five-speed forward, three-speed reverse transmission is equipped with six clutch packs.
The autoshift transmission uses six solenoids to control the engagement of the clutch packs.
Two clutch packs must be simultaneously engaged for the transmission to drive the machine.
The above chart shows the energized solenoids and the engaged clutch packs for each gear.
The solenoids are controlled by the Machine ECM.
In NEUTRAL, none of the solenoids are energized.
The chart can be used to identify which solenoids are energized to engage the speed and
direction clutches to obtain the desired speed range.
NOTE: The Machine ECM does not provide shift protection on the "E" Series. Shift
protection prevents the operator from changing directions at high speeds.
2/06
AUTOSHIFT ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM
Forward Low
Key Start No. 1 Solenoid
Switch
Transmission
Forward High
No. 2 Solenoid
Shift
Parking Brake
Switch Reverse
Lever No. 3 Solenoid
Neutral Lock
Switch
Machine
Speed Clutch 1
No. 4 Solenoid
Transmission Output
Electronic
Speed Sensor Speed Clutch 2
Start Control No. 5 Solenoid
Relay
Autoshift Control
Switch Module Speed Clutch 3
No. 6 Solenoid
Transmission
Neutralizer Switch Park Brake
Alarm Relay
Cat Data Link
59
This illustration shows the inputs and outputs used by the Machine ECM to control the
autoshift transmission.
The autoshift transmission has two modes of operation: Automatic and Manual. The modes
are selected using the autoshift control switch on the right side of the front dash.
In the Automatic Mode, the operator controls the highest desired gear and the transmission
control automatically selects the proper gear based on machine ground speed. The transmission
determines the ground speed through the transmission speed sensors and energized speed
clutch.
In the Manual Mode, the transmission operates very similar to the standard power shift
transmission.
When the key start switch is ON, the transmission shift lever control provides an input signal to
the Machine ECM. The Machine ECM uses the shift lever control input to determine the gear
range selected on the transmission shift lever and the position of the key start switch. If the
shift lever control is not in NEUTRAL during starting, the Machine ECM will prevent the
machine from starting.
2/06
The parking brake switch provides an input signal to the Machine ECM. The Machine ECM
prevents the transmission from shifting if the parking brake is engaged and also energizes the
parking brake relay to sound the alarm.
The transmission neutral lock switch also provides an input signal to the Machine ECM. If the
transmission neutral lock switch is moved to the LOCK position, the Machine ECM shifts the
transmission into NEUTRAL and prevents the transmission from shifting, regardless of the
position of the shift lever control. The Machine ECM will not shift the transmission until after
the shift lever control is moved into the NEUTRAL position and the transmission neutral lock
switch is moved to the UNLOCK position.
When the transmission neutralizer switch is activated by the operator, the transmission will
momentarily neutralize by de-energizing the direction clutch. Only the directional clutch is
de-energized. This will improve shift speed when the button is released and the machine is
placed back into gear. In the Manual Mode, the Downshift/Neutralizer Switch will not permit
the transmission to be downshifted.
The transmission speed sensor provides output speed information to the Machine ECM. In the
Automatic Mode, the operator controls the highest desired gear and the transmission control
automatically selects the proper gear based on machine ground speed. The Machine ECM
determines the ground speed through the transmission speed sensors and energized speed
clutch.
The Machine ECM uses the input signals described above to control transmission shifting
through the transmission solenoid valves.
2/06
60
The Machine ECM status screens that are available to aid in autoshift transmission diagnosis
are:
- Transmission Basic
- Transmission Neutralizer
- Transmission Speed
- Transmission Solenoids
2/06
61
This transmission status screen shows the neutral status of the autoshift transmission.
2/06
62
This transmission status screen shows the autoshift transmission gear status, engine speed,
transmission output speed, and the ground speed/machine direction.
2/06
63
This transmission status screen shows the status of the autoshift transmission solenoids in amps.
2/06
64
This shift lever status screen shows the autoshift transmission gear lever status and load lever
position.
2/06
1ST GEAR ENABLED
Shift Lever Gears

Position Available
4F 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
3F 1, 2, 3
2F 1, 2
1F 1
N
1R 1
2R 1, 2
3R 1, 2, 3
65
With FIRST gear enabled, the following gears are available in the given conditions.
Shift lever in FIRST: The transmission will be held in FIRST gear.
Shift lever in SECOND: The transmission will automatically shift between FIRST and
SECOND in response to machine speed.
Shift lever in THIRD: The transmission will automatically shift between FIRST, SECOND
and THIRD in response to machine speed. The downshift switch can be used to force the
transmission into FIRST or SECOND gear.
Shift lever in FOURTH: The transmission will automatically shift between FIRST through
FIFTH in response to machine speed. THIRD gear may be skipped by the software. The
downshift switch can be used to force the transmission into FIRST, SECOND, THIRD or
FOURTH gear.
Whenever a machine is downshifted into a lower gear, the machine maximum gear will be
limited to the lower gear for five seconds, then return to normal Automatic Mode.
2/06
1ST GEAR DISABLED
Shift Lever Gears
Position Available
4F 2, 3, 4, 5
3F 2, 3
2F 2
1F 1
N
1R 1
2R 2
3R 2, 3
66
With FIRST gear disabled, the following gears are available in the given conditions.
Shift lever in FIRST: The transmission will be held in FIRST.
Shift lever in SECOND: The transmission will be held in SECOND unless the operator forces
the transmission into FIRST through the downshift switch.
Shift lever in THIRD: The transmission will automatically shift between SECOND and
THIRD in response to machine speed. The downshift switch can be used to force the
transmission into FIRST or SECOND gear.
Shift lever in FOURTH: The transmission will automatically shift between SECOND through
FIFTH in response to machine speed. THIRD gear may be skipped by the software. The
downshift switch can be used to force the transmission into FIRST, SECOND, THIRD or
FOURTH gear.
If the machine is downshifted into a lower gear, upshifts will be disabled for five seconds, then
return to normal Automatic Mode.
2/06
1
2 1
67
Axles and Brakes
The rear final drive planetary gears (1) have been moved outboard of the differential (2). There
are now separate reservoirs for final drive and differential gear oil.
Brake inspection ports have been added to the axle. The inspection ports allow for brake wear
measurements with the axle installed in the machine.
The differential lock can now be engaged on the move in either first or second gear, which
improves differential lock functionality.
NOTE: The differential lock must not be engaged in third or fourth gear. On machines
with the autoshift transmission, the Machine ECM may limit the differential lock
function depending on the selected gear.
2/06
1 1
68
The brake inspection ports (1) are accessible from the rear with the axle installed in the
machine.
The differential oil level/fill plug (2) and drain plug (3) are also located at the rear of the axle.
2/06
BOOSTED BRAKES VALVE GROUP

RIGHT BRAKE ENGAGED / LEFT BRAKE RELEASED
To Left
Wheel Brake
Boost Brake Master Slave Cylinder
Left Brake Valve Cylinder
Pedal
Bridge
Passage
Master
Cylinder Slave Cylinder
To Right
Wheel Brake
Boost Brake
Right Brake Valve
Pedal
To Tank
From Pilot Accumulator
69
The 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E and 444E machines are equipped with hydraulically assisted
master cylinders, which decreases the amount of pedal effort when braking. This illustration
shows the boosted brakes valve group, which uses oil from the pilot accumulator to add boost
to the master cylinder. The hydraulic force multiplies the pedal effort so the operator can get
more braking force with less effort.
In this illustration, the right brake is engaged and the left brake is released.
When the brake pedal is depressed, the brake linkage moves the brake boost valve to the right.
Oil is directed from the pilot accumulator to the large chamber of the master cylinder. The
distance that the brake pedal is depressed, determines the amount of oil flow to the master
cylinder.
The master cylinder piston moves to the right and forces the slave cylinder to the right
(hydraulic assist). Oil in the master cylinder spring chamber flows to the tank. The slave
cylinder directs oil to brake piston to engage the brakes and blocks the oil in the brake circuit
from returning to tank.
2/06
The oil in the brake circuit between the slave cylinder and wheel brake is a closed circuit.
When the brakes are released, the slave cylinder moves to the left and oil from the brake piston
returns to the slave cylinder. With the slave cylinder in the released position, the oil in the
brake circuit (between the slave cylinder and wheel brake) can flow between the right and left
brake circuits only (closed circuit). The bridge passage connects the slave cylinders together,
which allows the pressures to equalize when both brake pedals are depressed at the same time.
When the brakes are released, the master cylinder piston moves to the right and oil in the
master cylinder chamber is drained to tank through the boost brake valve.
NOTE: The master cylinders on the 416E/422E/428E machines are not hydraulically
assisted.
2/06
BOOSTED BRAKES GROUP
To Wheel To Tank From Pilot

Brake Accumulator
Slave Master Boost Brake

Cylinder Cylinder Valve
70
This illustration shows a sectional view of the boosted brake valve group.
When the brake pedal is depressed, the boost brake valve moves to the left and inlet oil from
the pilot manifold is directed to the master cylinder.
2/06
1
3
5 4
71
The brake boost valves are connected to the master cylinder (1) at each brake pedal (2). Oil
enters the master cylinder through the supply hose (3) and exits the master cylinder through the
return hose (4). The oil flows to the service brakes through the hoses (5) at the bottom of the
master cylinder.
The master cylinders can be removed from the machine from inside the operator's compartment.
2/06
72
The 416E/422E machine brakes are not hydraulically assisted and are equipped with a brake
reservoir. The brake reservoir (arrow) is located at the rear of the engine compartment.
2/06
416E / 422E / 428E BACKHOE LOADER HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Pump Tank
E-stick
Cooler
Stick
Bucket
HMU
Swing
Back
Boom Pressure
Check
Aux Valve
Inlet
Manifold
Right Parallel Lift
Stabilizer I (428E)
Left L T A
n
Stabilizer i i u
l
f l x
e Single Tilt
Sideshift t t
t (416E / 422E)
Lock Pistons
(422E / 428E)
Ride
Control
73
416E/422E/428E IMPLEMENT HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
This illustration shows a block diagram of the 416E/422E/428E machines which are equipped
with mechanically controlled loader and backhoe valves.
The 422E/428E sideshift machines include lock pistons to lock the backhoe on the slider.
The 416E and 422E machines include a single tilt loader. The 428E is equipped with a parallel
lift loader.
The standard loader valve group contains two control valves. Three control valves are installed
on the machine if equipped with the auxiliary function. The priority valve is also contained
within the loader control valve.
The standard backhoe valve group contains six control valves. Seven or eight control valves
are installed in the backhoe valve group if the machine is equipped with an E-Stick and/or an
auxiliary valve.
2/06
"E" SERIES BACKHOE LOADER SIGNAL NETWORK

416E / 422E / 428E MECHANICALLY CONTROLLED VALVES
Right Left Aux Boom Swing Bucket Stick E-Stick

Stabilizer Stabilizer
Backhoe
Section
Loader Loader Loader HMU

Aux Tilt Lift
Loader
Section
Pump
Control
Valve
74
This illustration shows the resolver signal network in the 416E/422E/428E machines.
The resolver signal network is similar to late production "C" Series machines. A signal line
from the backhoe section and a signal line from the loader section are connected to a tee which
is equipped with a resolver. The highest resolved signal between the two valve sections flows
to the pump.
2/06
75
Implement and Steering Pump
The implement and steering pump on the 416E/422E/428E machines is a similar design and
operates the same as the pump on the "A" Series machines. The pump is located below the cab
floor plate. The pump control valve is mounted on top of the pump and contains a flow
compensator spool and pressure cutoff spool. The implement and steering pump supplies oil
flow to the loader valve group, backhoe valve group, and steering system.
2/06
416E / 422E / 428E IMPLEMENT / STEERING PUMP

ENGINE OFF
Load Sensing Signal
To Backhoe Valve
Flow
Compensator
Pressure
Cutoff
Pump Group
76
This illustration shows the 416E/422E/428E pump hydraulic circuit with the engine OFF.
When the pump is OFF, a spring holds the swashplate at maximum angle.
The pump control valve contains two spools.
The flow compensator (margin spool) regulates output flow in response to the load signal
received through the signal network. The flow supplied by the pump will be the amount of
flow required to keep supply pressure above the signal pressure. The difference between supply
pressure and the signal pressure is called "margin pressure." The pressure cutoff spool limits
maximum system pressure and serves as the relief valve for the system.
Both spools have adjustment screws. Low pressure standby and margin pressure are controlled
by the flow compensator. The flow compensator will simultaneously increase or decrease both
pressures, but not necessarily by the same amount.
2/06
416E / 422E / 428E IMPLEMENT/STEERING PUMP

LOW PRESSURE STANDBY
Load Sensing Signal
To Backhoe Valve
Flow
Compensator
Pressure
Cutoff
Pump Group
77
As the pump produces oil flow, system pressure begins to build because oil flow is blocked at
the implement control valves. This pressure is felt at the margin spool and the pressure cutoff
spool. The margin spool moves right against the low spring force and permits system oil to
flow to the actuator piston. As pressure in the actuator piston increases, the piston overcomes
the bias spring force and moves the swashplate to a reduced angle.
When no flow is demanded from the implements, no signal pressure is generated. At this
minimum swashplate angle, the pump produces enough flow to compensate for system leakage
at a pressure to provide instantaneous implement response when an implement is activated.
2/06
416E /422E /428E IMPLEMENT /STEERING PUMP

UPSTROKE
Load Sensing Signal
To Backhoe Valve
Flow
Compensator
Pressure
Cutoff
Pump Group
78
When an implement is activated, a signal is sent to the pump control valve. This signal plus the
margin spring force overcomes the supply pressure at the left end of the spool. The spool then
moves to the right, blocks the oil flow to the actuator and opens a passage to drain. Pressure at
the actuator piston is reduced or eliminated which allows the bias spring to move the
swashplate to an increased angle. The pump upstrokes to produce more flow.
2/06
416E / 422E / 428E HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

CONSTANT FLOW
Load Sensing Signal
To Backhoe Valve
Flow
Compensator
Pressure
Cutoff
Pump Group
79
As pump flow increases, pump supply pressure also increases. When the pump supply pressure
increases and equals the sum of the signal pressure plus the margin spring pressure, the margin
spool moves to a metering position and the system becomes stabilized. The swashplate is held
at a relatively constant angle to maintain the required flow.
The difference between the signal pressure and the pump supply pressure is the value of the
margin spring.
2/06
416E / 422E / 428E IMPLEMENT / STEERING PUMP

DESTROKE
Load Sensing Signal
To Backhoe Valve
Flow
Compensator
Pressure
Cutoff
Pump Group
80
When less oil flow is needed, the pump destrokes. When signal pressure decreases, oil pressure
moves the margin spool to the right. The actuator piston then overcomes spring force and
moves the swashplate to a reduced angle. The pump produces less flow.
As pump flow decreases, pump supply pressure also decreases. When the pump supply
pressure decreases and becomes the sum of load pressure plus margin pressure, the margin
spool moves to a metering position and the system stabilizes.
2/06
416E / 422E / 428E HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

HIGH PRESSURE STALL
Load Sensing Signal
To Backhoe Valve
Flow
Compensat or
Pressure
Cut off
Pump Group
81
The pressure compensator or cutoff spool is in parallel with the margin spool. The pressure
compensator limits the maximum system pressure for any pump displacement. The pressure
compensator spool is forced down during normal operation by the pressure cutoff spring.
During a stall or when system pressure is maximum, signal pressure is equal to pump supply
pressure. The combination of the signal pressure and the margin spring forces the margin spool
to the left. This movement of the margin spool normally opens a passage in the pump control
valve for the oil in the actuator piston to drain, causing the pump to upstroke.
However, since the supply pressure is high enough, the pressure cutoff spool is now forced to
the right against the spring. The movement of the pressure cutoff spool blocks the oil from the
actuator piston from going to drain and allows supply oil to the actuator. Oil pressure at the
actuator allows it to overcome spring force to destroke the pump.
The pump is now at minimum flow and pump supply pressure is at maximum. This condition
is maintained for a single implement in a stall condition.
2/06
82
Mechanical Loader Valve Group
The 416E/422E/428E machines are equipped with a mechanically controlled loader valve that
is accessed from below the floor plate.
This illustration shows the auxiliary control lever (1) and loader joystick (2) connected to the
loader valve linkage (4).
The loader control valve group contains an inlet manifold (5), lift control valve (6), tilt control
valve (7), and auxiliary control valve (8, if equipped).
The transmission neutralizer switch (3) is also located on the loader joystick.
2/06
2
1
83
The loader joystick (1) controls the position of the lift and tilt valve spools in the loader control
valve. The auxiliary control lever (2) controls the position of the auxiliary valve spool.
2/06
From To
From Backhoe To Backhoe Backhoe Backhoe From Backhoe
Valve Valve Valve Valve Valve
Load Sensing Flow Oil

Relief Valve Compensator
Ride Control Valve Filter
Priority
Valve To
Oil
HMU
Cooler
Pressure
Cutoff
Lift
Cylinders
Pump Group
Lift
Valve
Pressure Compensator
Tilt Cylinders
Line Relief
Valves 416E / 422E / 428E
(Parallel Lift
428E) HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Tilt
Tilt Cylinder
(Single Tilt Pressure
Valve MECHANICALLY CONTROLLED
416E / 422E) Compensator LOADER VALVE
HOLD
Line Relief
Valve
MP Bucket
Cylinders
Auxiliary
Pressure Compensator Valve
84
This illustration shows the mechanically controlled loader valve on the 416E/422E/428E
machines. The loader valve is closed-center and pressure compensated. The loader valve
includes the lift and tilt valves in the standard loader valve group. The tilt valve contains two
line relief valves. The auxiliary valve (if equipped) contains one line relief valve.
Oil flows from the pump through the backhoe valve and to the priority valve. Before the
engine is started, the spring holds the priority spool to the left. The priority valve ensures the
steering circuit receives oil flow first. If oil flow is not needed for steering and an implement
valve in the loader section is activated, the priority valve will direct most of the supply oil to
the loader implement circuits.
2/06
416E / 422E / 428E MECHANICAL LOADER

INLET MANIFOLD
From
To HMU Loader Valves
Load Sensing
Relief Valve From
HMU
From
Pump
To Tank
To HMU
Orifice
Priority To Loader
Valve Control Valves
85
This illustration shows the inlet manifold in the 416E/422E/428E mechanically controlled
loader valve.
When the engine is started, the flow from the pump is directed to the priority valve. With the
spool to the left, the pump supply oil is directed to the HMU. As the HMU passage fills, oil
also enters the axial-drilled hole in the priority spool and flows to the left end of the spool.
As pressure builds on the left end, the spool starts to move to the right, against spring force.
The spool begins to restrict the oil flow to the HMU supply passage as the spool continues to
move to the right. Oil restricted by the priority spool from entering the HMU supply passage
flows to the loader implement valves.
The priority spool never completely blocks the flow of oil to the HMU supply passage. A small
amount of oil is allowed to flow through the dynamic bleed orifice to the priority spool spring
cavity where it becomes signal oil.
2/06
Signal oil flows from the spring cavity through the HMU signal line to the HMU, where the oil
flows to the tank. This action causes the priority spool to meter oil continuously to the HMU
supply passage to maintain a predetermined pressure in the HMU supply passage. This
predetermined pressure in the HMU supply passage provides instantaneous steering response
when the steering is activated. The metering action also reduces spool travel when steering is
required, which results in faster steering response.
With all implements in HOLD in this closed-center system, this signal oil is sensed at the pump
control valve resulting in an increase in the LOW PRESSURE STANDBY setting.
2/06

LIFT CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
To Lift Cylinder To Lift Cylinder

Head End Rod End
Compensator Valve
Lift Spool
From
To Tank Pump
86
This illustration shows the mechanically controlled lift valve in the 416E/422E/428E machines
in the HOLD position. In the HOLD position, the spring keeps the lift spool in the center
position and pump oil is blocked.
The loader joystick has four positions: RAISE, HOLD, LOWER, and FLOAT.
2/06

LIFT CONTROL VALVE
RAISE

Head End Rod End
Compensator Valve
Lift Spool
From
To Tank Pump
87
This illustration shows the mechanically controlled lift valve in the 416E/422E/428E machines
in the RAISE position. When the loader joystick is moved to the RAISE position, the lift spool
is moved to the right. Pump oil flows past the lift spool and acts on the pressure compensator
valve. The compensator valve moves up and oil flows to the head end of the lift cylinder.
The lift cylinder moves to the RAISE position. Return oil flows from the rod end of the
cylinder around the lift spool back to the tank.
The oil also flows around the compensator and enters the signal oil passage. The signal oil
chamber pressure and the compensator spring force balances against the oil pressure in the
pump supply passage. The oil in signal passage flows to the resolver. If the lift circuit is the
only active circuit, or if the lift circuit has a work port pressure higher than the other circuits
that are active, the oil pressure from the lift circuit acts on the pump actuator to control pump
output.
2/06

TILT CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
Head End Rod End
Compensator Valve
Line Relief Line Relief

Valve Valve
Detent
Solenoid From
Tilt Spool To Tank
Pump
88
This illustration shows the mechanically controlled tilt valve in the 416E/422E/428E machines
in the HOLD position.
The tilt valve also includes head end and rod end line relief valves that limit the oil pressure in
the TILT BACK and DUMP circuits.
The tilt control spool also includes a magnetic detent (solenoid) that is part of the "return-to-
dig" feature.
The loader tilt control valve has three positions: RACK BACK, HOLD, and DUMP.
2/06

AUXILIARY CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
Port A Port B
Compensator
Valve
Line Relief
Valve
Lift
Spool From
To Tank
Pump
89
This illustration shows the optional mechanically controlled auxiliary valve in the
416E/422E/428E machines in the HOLD position. The auxiliary valve controls the oil to the
auxiliary circuit.
The loader auxiliary valve is typically used for the Multi-Purpose (MP) Bucket.
The auxiliary control valve has a line relief valve for the rod end work port. The auxiliary
control lever has three positions: OPEN, HOLD, and CLOSE.
2/06
3 3
4
2
90
Ride Control System
Travel at high speeds over rough terrain causes bucket movement. The optional Ride Control
System acts as a shock absorber by absorbing bucket forces, which stabilize the machine.
The Ride Control System components include the ride control switch (1), ride control relay (2),
ride control solenoids (3), ride control accumulator (4), and ride control pressure switch (5).
Two solenoids are now used on the "E" Series machines Ride Control System.
The ride control switch includes an ON and OFF position. When the ride control switch is in
the OFF position, the ride control solenoids are not energized. To energize the ride control
relay and solenoids, the pressure switch must be closed. The pressure switch senses the loader
lift cylinder rod end pressure. When the rod end pressure is below the ride control actuation
pressure, the switch closes.
NOTE: The pressure switch prevents the Ride Control System from activating if the
pressure in the rod end of the loader lift cylinder is too high. An example is when the
loader arms are used to lift the front wheels off the ground. If the Ride Control System
was engaged, the machine would fall to the ground.
2/06
If the macine ground speed is less than approximately 9.5 kilometers per hour (6 mph), the ride
control system will not engage.
NOTE: On 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E and 444E machines equipped with an

autoshift transmission, the Ride Control System is monitored by the Machine ECM and
will be discussed later in the presentation.
2/06
To Tank
RIDE CONTROL SYSTEM
ON
Ride Control Valve
Pressure
Switch
Solenoid Solenoid
Lift
To /From Lift Control Valve
Cylinders
To /From Lift Control Valve
91
This illustration shows a hydraulic schematic of the Ride Control System. With the Ride
Control System ON and the lift control valve in HOLD, oil is blocked at both the rod and head
ends of the lift cylinders.
When the ride control solenoids are energized, the head ends of the loader lift cylinders are
connected to the ride control accumulator and the rod ends of the loader lift cylinders are open
to the tank.
When the machine is driven over rough terrain with the Ride Control System ON, the loader lift
cylinders extend and retract. As the lift cylinders extend, oil displaced from the rod ends of the
cylinders flows to the tank and oil which is stored in the accumulator flows into the head ends
of the cylinders. As the lift cylinders retract, oil displaced from the head ends of the cylinders
flows into the accumulator, and oil is drawn from the tank into the rod ends of the cylinders.
The accumulator acts as a shock absorber when the cylinders retract, providing a smoother ride.
When the Ride Control System is OFF, the ride control solenoids are not energized. The check
valves seat and block the passage from the rod ends of the lift cylinders to the tank and the head
ends of the cylinders to the accumulator.
2/06
The orifice in the line between the accumulator and cylinder head ends prevents the rapid loss
of the oil which is stored in the accumulator when the loader arms are lowered. The orifice
also allows the accumulator to be charged, without adversely affecting machine performance
when the loader arms are lifted.
2/06
92
Mechanical Backhoe Valve Group
The 416E/422E/428E machines are equipped with a mechanically controlled backhoe valve that
is accessed from below the floor plate. The backhoe control valve group contains the following
components:
-Optional E-Stick control valve (1)

-Stick control valve (2)
-Bucket control valve (3)
-Swing control valve (4)
-Boom control valve (5)
-Optional auxiliary valve (6)
-Inlet manifold (7)
-Left stabilizer valve control valve (8)
-Right stabilizer control valve (9)
-End cover (10)
-Inlet ports (11)
-Sideshift lock valve (12) (422E/428E machines)
-Outlet ports (13)
2/06
93
The backhoe joysticks (1) control the position of the boom, swing, bucket, and stick backhoe
valve spools in the backhoe control valve group. The stabilizer control levers (not visible),
located on the side console, control the position of the right and left stabilizer valve spools.
The pedal (2) on the floor to the right of the joysticks controls the E-Stick (if equipped) or a
hammer (if installed). The auxiliary functions are controlled by a pedal (not shown) on the
floor to the left of the joysticks.
2/06
Boom Swing Bucket Stick E-Stick

Right Stabilizer Left Stabilizer Side Shift Cylinder Cylinders Cylinder Cylinder Cylinder
Cylinder Cylinder Lock Pistons
(422E / 428E)
Lock Pistons
ON / OFF Valve
(422E/428E)
Load Sensing
Relief Valve
Pressure
Reducing
Valve
AUX Boom Swing Bucket Stick E-Stick

Right
Stabilizer
Left
Stabilizer
From Loader Valve
To Loader Valve Inlet Manifold
Inlet Manifold
From Loader
Oil
Valve Inlet Flow Compensator Filter
Manifold
416E / 422E / 428E HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Oil

MECHANICALLY CONTROLLED BACKHOE VALVE Pressure Cooler
HOLD Cutoff
Pump Group
94
This illustration shows the mechanically controlled backhoe valve on the 416E/422E/428E
machines. The standard backhoe valve group contains six control valves. A valve group with
seven or eight control valves is available if the machine is equipped with an E-Stick valve
and/or auxiliary valve. All the valves are PPPC valves except the stabilizer valves.
The 422E/428E machines are equipped with side shift lock pistons to lock the side shift
mechanism in place. The side shift lock piston ON/OFF solenoid valve controls the oil flow to
the side shift pistons.
2/06
416E / 422E / 428E MECHANICAL BACKHOE

HOLD
Port A Port B
Compensator
Valve

Valve Valve
Auxiliary From
Spool To
Tank Pump
95
This illustration shows the optional mechanically controlled backhoe auxiliary valve in the
416E/422E/428E machines in the HOLD position. The auxiliary valve controls the oil to the
auxiliary circuit attachments.
The auxiliary control valve has a line relief valve for the rod end work port and the head end
work port. The auxiliary control lever has three positions: OPEN, HOLD, and CLOSE.
2/06

BOOM CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
To Boom Cylinder To Boom Cylinder
Head end Rod End
Compensator
Valve

Valve Valve
Boom Spool
From
To Tank
Pump
96
This illustration shows the mechanically controlled boom valve in the 416E/422E/428E
machines in the HOLD position. The boom valve controls the oil to the head end and rod end
of the boom cylinder.
The boom control valve has a line relief valve for the rod end and the head end of the boom
cylinder. The boom control lever has three positions: RAISE, HOLD, and LOWER.
2/06

BOOM CONTROL VALVE
RAISE
Head End Rod End
Compensator
Valve

Valve Valve
Boom Spool From

To Tank Pump
97
This illustration shows the mechanically controlled boom valve in the 416E/422E/428E
machines in the RAISE position. When the backhoe joystick is moved to the BOOM RAISE
position, the boom spool is moved to the left. Pump oil flows past the boom spool and acts on
the pressure compensator valve. The compensator valve moves up and oil flows to the rod end
of the boom cylinder.
The boom cylinder moves to the RAISE position. Return oil flows from the head end of the
cylinder around the boom spool back to the tank.
pump supply passage. The oil in signal passage flows to the resolver. If the boom circuit is the
only active circuit, or if the lift circuit has a work port pressure higher than the other circuits
that are active, the oil pressure from the boom circuit acts on the pump actuator to control pump
output.
2/06

SWING CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
To Swing Cylinders To Swing Cylinders
Compensator
Valve

Valve Valve
Swing
Spool To From
Tank Pump
98
This illustration shows the mechanically controlled swing valve in the 416E/422E/428E
machines in the HOLD position. The swing control valve controls the oil to the head end and
rod end of the swing cylinders.
The swing control valve has a line relief valve for the rod end and the head end of the swing
cylinders. The swing control lever has three positions: SWING RIGHT, HOLD, and SWING
LEFT.
2/06

BUCKET CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
To Bucket Cylinder To Bucket Cylinder
Head End Rod End
Compensator
Valve

Valve Valve
Bucket Spool
To Tank From
Pump
99
This illustration shows the mechanically controlled bucket valve in the 416E/422E/428E
machines in the HOLD position. The bucket control valve controls the oil to the head end and
rod end of the bucket cylinder.
The bucket control valve has a line relief valve for the rod end and the head end of the bucket
cylinder. The bucket control lever has three positions: LOAD, HOLD, and DUMP.
2/06

STICK CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
To Stick Cylinder To Stick Cylinder
Head End Rod End
Compensator
Valve

Valve Valve
Stick Spool
To Tank From
Pump
100
This illustration shows the mechanically controlled stick valve in the 416E/422E/428E
machines in the HOLD position. The stick control valve controls the oil to the head end and
rod end of the stick cylinder.
The stick control valve has a line relief valve for the rod end and the head end of the stick
cylinder. The stick control lever has three positions: STICK IN, HOLD, and STICK OUT.
2/06

E-STICK CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
To E-Stick Cylinder To E-Stick Cylinder
Head End Rod End
Compensator
Valve
Line Relief
E-Stick Spool Valve
From
Pump
101
This illustration shows the optional mechanically controlled E-Stick valve in the
416E/422E/428E machines in the HOLD position. The E-Stick control valve controls the oil to
the head end and rod end of the stick cylinder.
The E-Stick control valve has a line relief valve for the rod end of the E-Stick cylinder. The
E-Stick control lever has three positions: STICK EXTEND, HOLD, and STICK RETRACT.
2/06
Right St abilizer Left St abilizer

Cylinder Cylinder
416E / 422E / 428E
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
STABILIZER CIRCUIT
Lock
Check
Valves
Left
Stabilizer
Load Sensing Signal

To Tank
Right From Pressure Reducing Valve
Stabilizer From Pump
To Tank
102
This illustration shows the stabilizer circuit in the 416E/422E/428E machines with the right
stabilizer in the STABILIZER DOWN position and the left stabilizer in the HOLD position.
The stabilizer cylinders are controlled by closed-center valves equipped with lock check valves
and pilot lock check valves.
The check valves prevent cylinder drift in either direction.
When the right stabilizer control lever is moved to the DOWN position pump, oil flows through
the right lock check valve to the head end of the right stabilizer cylinder. Pilot oil is sent to the
left lock check valve to unseat the check valve. Oil from the rod end of the cylinder flows
through the left lock check valve and the stabilizer control valve to the tank.
2/06
2
1
4
103
Sideshift machines feature a boom (1) that can be shifted to different positions along a
frame (2). Lock pistons (4) are used to lock the boom to the frame rails. Lock piston
solenoids, located on the backhoe valve outlet manifold, actuate the lock pistons. The sideshift
switch (3) in the cab sends a signal to energize the lock piston solenoids.
The stabilizers (5) are used to raise and lower the machine. Sideshift and center pivot machines
use the same type of control valves to operate the stabilizers.
NOTE: The switch for the powered sideshift attachment is shown in this illustration.
The switch for the mechanical sideshift machines is in the same location.
2/06
SIDESHIFT SLIDE LOCK SOLENOID VALVE
ENGAGED RELEASED
Solenoid
Pump Pump
Supply Supply
Check Slide
Valve Rail
Slide
Bar
Slide Lock
Piston
104
This schematic shows the sideshift slide lock solenoid and orifice check valve operation.
In the ENGAGED position, the solenoid is not energized. The solenoid blocks the system oil
flow. Pump oil flows past the check valve to the slide lock pistons. The pistons clamp the
stabilizer frame slide rails against the bolts on the slide bars to prevent slide frame movement.
The check valve will seat as shown to maintain pressure on the pistons when system pressure
decreases.
In the RELEASED position, the solenoid is energized. The solenoid allows system supply oil
to go to the tank. The slide lock pistons are no longer pressurized. The slide bar can then
move along the slide rail.
2/06
Sideshift Outboard
Cylinder POWERED SIDESHIFT
CIRCUIT
Sideshift Inboard
Cylinder
SHIFT LEFT
Sideshift
Solenoid Valve
Control
Manifold
Relief
Group
Valve
Sideshift Lock
To Load
Solenoid
Signal
From Pump
105
This illustration shows the powered sideshift hydraulic circuit in the SHIFT LEFT position.
When the powered sideshift is not activated, supply oil from the implement/steering pump is
blocked by the sideshift lock solenoid.
When the top of the powered sideshift switch on the right console is pressed, the sideshift lock
solenoid is energized. The left end of the sideshift solenoid valve is also energized and oil is
directed to the head end of the inboard cylinder and the rod end of the outboard cylinder. The
cylinders will shift the slide and the backhoe frame to the left. Oil from the rod end of the
inboard cylinder and head end of the outboard cylinder returns to the tank.
Some oil will also flow through the load signal line and signal the pump to upstroke. The relief
valve limits the load signal line pressure.
When the bottom of the powered sideshift switch is pressed, the sideshift slide and frame is
shifted to the right.
2/06
2
1 2
106
This illustration shows the optional powered sideshift (1) attachment. The powered sideshift
moves the backhoe across the slider using two hydraulic cylinders (2).
2/06
420E / 430E BACKHOE LOADER HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

SINGLE TILT
Tank
Pump
Outlet
Manifold
Left
Lever Cooler
Stabilizer
Aux
E-stick Diff
Joystick
Pressure
Bucket HMU
Switch
Swing Back
Pressure
Joystick
Stick Check Valve
Temperature
Boom Switch
Right
Stabilizer Lever
I
L T A
Inlet n
i i u
Manifold l
f l x
e
t t
t
Pilot
Manifold
Brake
Boost
Ride
Control
107
420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E IMPLEMENT HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
The 420E/430E machines can be equipped with a mechanically controlled or a pilot controlled
loader valve. The 420E/430E backhoe valve is pilot controlled. The 432E/434E/442E/444E
machines are equipped with a pilot controlled loader valve and backhoe valve.
This illustration shows a block diagram of the 420E/430E machines with a mechanically
controlled loader valve and a pilot controlled backhoe valve. The 420E/430E machines with a
mechanically controlled loader valve are a single tilt arrangement.
The 420E/430E mechanically controlled loader valve is similar to the 416E/422E/428E loader
valve but includes a different compensator valve and no resolver network.
The standard loader control valve group contains two control valves. Three control valves are
installed on the machine if equipped with the auxiliary function. The priority valve is also
contained within the loader valve.
2/06
The standard pilot controlled backhoe valve group contains six control valves. Seven or eight
valves are installed in the backhoe valve group if the machine is equipped with an E-Stick
and/or an auxiliary valve. The auxiliary valve and E-Stick valve are controlled by the Machine
ECM via solenoid valves. The solenoid valves direct pilot oil to each end of the auxiliary valve
and E-Stick directional spools.
The pilot accumulator allows the backhoe implements to be lowered if the engine will not run.
The accumulator also provides oil to the brake boost valve.
2/06
420E / 430E BACKHOE LOADER HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

PARALLEL LIFT
Tank
Pump
Outlet
Manifold
Left
Lever Cooler
Stabilizer
Aux
E-stick Diff
Joystick
Pressure HMU
Bucket Switch
Swing Back
Pressure
Stick Check Valve
Joystick
Temperature
Boom Switch
Right
Lever
Joystick
Stabilizer
Inlet
Manifold
I
L T A
n
Pilot i i u
l
Manifold f l x
e
t t
Brake t
Boost
Ride
Control
108
This illustration shows a block diagram of the 420E/430E machines with a pilot controlled
loader valve and a pilot controlled backhoe valve. The 420E/430E machines with a pilot
controlled loader valve are a parallel lift arrangement.
The standard pilot controlled loader valve group contains six control valves. Three control
valves are installed on the machine if equipped with the auxiliary function. The auxiliary valve
is controlled by the Machine ECM via two solenoid valves. The solenoid valves direct pilot oil
to each end of the auxiliary valve directional spool.
The priority valve is also contained within the loader control valve group.
The pilot controlled backhoe valve and pilot accumulator, as previously described, is the same
on all 420E/430E machines.
The pilot accumulator allows the loader and backhoe implements to be lowered if the engine
will not run.
2/06
432E / 434E / 442E / 444E BACKHOE LOADER HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Sideshift
Lock Pistons
Pump
Tank
Rear Steering
Outlet Cylinder
Manifold
AWS
Cooler
Aux Valve
E-stick
Joystick
Bucket Diff
Pressure Front Steering
Swing HMU
Switch Cylinder
Left Back
Lever
Stabilizer Pressure
Right Check Valve
Lever
Stabilizer Temperature
Switch
Joystick
Stick
Boom
Joystick
Inlet
Manifold
I
L T A
Pilot n
i i u
Manifold l
f l x
e
t t
Brake Boost t
Ride
Control
109
This illustration shows a block diagram of the 432E/434E/442E/444E machines with a pilot
controlled loader valve and a pilot controlled backhoe valve. The 432E/434E/442E/444E
machines are all equipped with a parallel lift arrangement.
The pilot controlled loader valve, as previously described, is the same as the 420E/430E
machines.
The pilot controlled backhoe valve, as previously described, is similar to the 420E/430E
machines, but the stabilizer valves are in different locations within the control valve group. The
420E/430E stabilizer valves are located on the outboard ends of the backhoe valve group. The
432E/434E/442E/444E stabilizer valves are located near the center of the backhoe valve group.
The pilot accumulator allows the loader and backhoe implements to be lowered if the engine
will not run. The accumulator also provides oil to the brake boost valve.
The 432E/434E/442E/444E sideshift machines include lock pistons to lock the backhoe on the
slider.
2/06
109A
The hydraulic configurations screen shows the configuration status of the loader and backhoe
auxiliary valves, the ride control system and activation speed, and the hydraulic oil temperature
sensor installation.
2/06
4 1
3
2
5
110
Implement and Steering Pump
The implement and steering pump on the 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E and 444E machines is
similar to the "D" Series machines, but now includes a torque control solenoid (not visible).
The torque control solenoid provides an additional pump setting.
The implement and steering pump (1) is located below the floor plate in the cab. The pump
control valve (2) contains a torque control spool adjustment screw (3) and a flow compensator
adjustment screw (4). The adjustment screws and the load sensing pressure tap (5) are
accessible from the cab.
In the "D" Series machines, the pressure cutoff spool in the pump served as the relief valve for
the hydraulic system. In the "E" Series machines, the signal relief valve, located in the backhoe
valve outlet manifold, serves as the hydraulic system relief valve since the system is PPPC.
The margin spool or flow compensator is located in the pump control in the same location as
the former pressure cutoff valve was located. The torque control spool is located in the pump
control in the same location as the margin spool or flow compensator valve was located.
The new system also features a margin relief valve, located in the backhoe outlet manifold,
which increases pump flow in a standby condition to improve response. The margin relief
valve provides the system with similar operating characteristics as an open center system.
NOTE: DO NOT adjust the torque control spool. If adjustment is required, please
contact DSN-CPI to get the latest recommendations. The torque control spring is set
lower than the flow compensator.
2/06
3
1
2
4
5
6 8
7
9
111
These illustrations show the implement and steering pump out of the machine. The following
components are visible:
- Torque control adjustment (1)

- Flow compensator adjustment (2)
- Load sensing pressure tap (3)
- Inlet port (4)
- Case drain port (5)
- Torque control solenoid (6)
- Discharge pressure tap (7)
- Torque limiter (8)
- Outlet port (9)
2/06
STEERING AND IMPLEMENT

Small Torque
PUMP
Orifice Control LOW PRESSURE STANDBY
Solenoid
Large Torque
Orifice Limiter
Torque
Control
Flow
Compensator
Pressure
Signal Differential
Relief Relief
Valve Valve
Signal Backhoe
Drain Inlet Manifold
Valve Pump
LS Signal Output
112
Steering and Implement Pump Operation
With all the implements in HOLD, the steering priority valve bleeds some supply oil through a
dynamic bleed orifice back to the tank through the HMU. This oil flow creates a load sensing
signal, which is sensed at the pump flow compensator.
The LOW PRESSURE STANDBY reading will be higher than margin pressure on "E" Series
machines due to an internal minimum angle stop. This minimum angle stop is not adjustable,
which prevents the swashplate from moving to a true minimum angle position.
As shown in the illustration above, the swashplate is at the prescribed minimum angle, applying
the maximum setting on the spring in the torque limiter. The spring setting of the torque limiter
changes with the swashplate angle. As the swashplate angle is increased, the spring setting is
reduced.
2/06

Small Torque
PUMP
Orifice Control CONSTANT FLOW
Solenoid
Large Torque
Orifice Limiter
Torque
Control
Flow
Compensator
Pressure
Signal Differential
Relief Relief
Valve Valve
Signal Backhoe
Valve Pump
LS Signal Output
113
The pump will UPSTROKE or DESTROKE to match changes in flow requirements.
Pump supply oil flows to the flow compensator and acts on the compensator spool lands.
Supply oil also flows into a cross-drilled passage and an axial drilled passage in the flow
compensator spool. The pump supply pressure moves the flow compensator up, which opens a
small passage between the spool lands and the body of the pump control valve. The flow
compensator spool meters reduced pump supply oil to the large actuator piston in the pump
case moving the swashplate to an angle that satisfies system needs.
When pump flow matches system needs, the pump supply pressure equals the sum of the
system load pressure plus the flow compensator spring pressure. The flow compensator is in a
metering position and the system is stabilized.
CONSTANT FLOW is maintained until there is a change in system flow requirements.

2/06
PUMP TORQUE MODES
High Torque Mode
Low Torque Mode
Flow (Q)
Pressure (P)
Torque Limiter Control
Flow Compensator Control
114
This illustration shows a Pressure/Flow (P-Q) Curve Chart for the steering and implement
pump. The purpose of this chart is to show how the torque limiter affects the maximum flow
rate for the loader and backhoe sections when the torque limiter opens.
Initial pump flow on the chart is low which reflects STANDBY pressure from the pump. When
flow is required, the chart illustrates an increase in pump flow that slowly decreases as pressure
in the system increases.
The flow compensator spool regulates pump flow when system pressure and flow requirements
are below the curves. This is the area shown in pink.
The first sweeping curved line (Low Torque Mode) shows where the torque limiter has control
over the pump flow. The torque limiter destrokes the pump as the system pressure increases.
The rate of destroke closely follows the torque curve of the engine.
The second sweeping curved line (High Torque Mode) shows where the torque control solenoid
changes the operating characteristics of the torque limiter providing an additional (higher)
pump setting. This area is shown in red.
2/06
PUMP SOLENOID TORQUE PARAMETERS

DIRECTIONAL MODE ENABLED
(FORWARD - OR - REVERSE)
SOLENOID ENERGIZED SOLENOID DE-ENERGIZED
High Torque Low Torque

420E 1600 rpm 1300 rpm
430E 1600 rpm 1200 rpm
432E 1600 rpm 1300 rpm
434E 1600 rpm 1300 rpm
442E 1600 rpm 1200 rpm
444E 1600 rpm 1200 rpm
114A
This chart shows the operational parameters of the new torque control solenoid. When the
solenoid is energized, the pump is in the high torque mode, and when the solenoid is de-
energized, the pump is in the low torque mode.
When the machine is in a directional mode, FORWARD and/or REVERSE, and the implements
are operating, the pump solenoid is not energized until a certain engine rpm is obtained. By
keeping the pump solenoid de-energized at a lower engine rpm, all of the available engine
horsepower is utilized by the power train for optimum efficiency.
As the power train and hydraulic system consume engine horsepower, the engine rpm decreases
and the torque control solenoid is de-energized. The hydraulic torque on the pump is decreased
and the engine rpm increases to regain the needed horsepower for full utilization of the power
train.
There is a slight delay when the torque control solenoid is energized or de-energized based
upon engine rpm. This delay also occurs when the directional mode is changed (forward to
reverse) and assists in stabilizing the engine and the hydraulic system.
2/06

(NEUTRAL)

420E 1200 rpm 1100 rpm
430E 1200 rpm 1100 rpm
432E 1200 rpm 1100 rpm
434E 1200 rpm 1100 rpm
442E 1200 rpm 1100 rpm
444E 1200 rpm 1100 rpm
114B
This chart shows the operational parameters of the torque control solenoid when the machine is
in a non-directional mode (NEUTRAL), or operating the backhoe loader hydraulics. When the
solenoid is energized, the pump is in the high torque mode, and when the solenoid is
de-energized, the pump is in the low torque mode.
When the machine is in the non-directional mode (NEUTRAL) or backhoe loader mode, the
pump solenoid is not energized until a certain engine rpm is obtained.
When in NEUTRAL or backhoe loader mode, the pump torques control solenoid is energized at
a lower engine rpm so that all of the available engine horsepower is available for utilization by
the hydraulic system for optimum efficiency.
As the hydraulic system consumes engine horsepower, the engine rpm will decrease, and at a
certain rpm the torque control solenoid is de-energized. The pump hydraulic torque is
decreased and the engine increases to to regain the needed horsepower for full utilization of the
hydraulic system.
There is a slight delay when the torque control solenoid is energized and/or de-energized based
upon the selection of the engine rpm when in the NEUTRAL mode, also known as the backhoe
loader mode. This delay assists in stabilizing the engine and the hydraulic system.
2/06

Small Torque
PUMP
Orifice Control TORQUE LIMITER OPEN
Solenoid
Large Torque
Orifice Limiter
Torque
Control
Flow
Compensator
Pressure
Signal Differential
Relief Relief
Valve Valve
Signal Backhoe
Valve Pump
LS Signal Output
115
The torque limiter monitors the pump swashplate angle and the pump discharge pressure. The
torque limiter pressure setting varies with the swashplate angle: the greater the swashplate
angle, the lower the pressure setting on the torque limiter spring due to the mechanical linkage
between the swashplate and the torque limiter. As the swashplate angle decreases, the
mechanical linkage increases the force on the torque limiter springs, therefore, increasing the
pressure setting of the torque limiter.
When a higher flow rate from the pump is required, the flow compensator receives a signal
from the control valve to move the pump to maximum displacement. With the increased
pressure in the passage between the torque control spool and the torque limiter, the torque
limiter opens and allows oil to drain to the tank.
As the oil drains to tank at the torque limiter, a pressure reduction occurs at the top of the
torque control spool, which allows oil to start flowing through the axial drilled passage in the
torque control spool. Due to the reduced pressure at the top of the torque control spool and
increased pump discharge pressure at the bottom of the torque control spool, the torque control
spool shifts up. When the torque control spool shifts up, oil is metered across the flow
compensator spool to the large actuator piston which moves the swashplate toward minimum
angle.
2/06

Small Torque
PUMP
Orifice Control TORQUE CONTROL SOLENOID ON
Solenoid
Large Torque
Orifice Limiter
Torque
Control
Flow
Compensator
Pressure
Signal Differential
Relief Relief
Valve Valve
Signal Backhoe
Valve Pump
LS Signal Output
116
When the appropriate engine speed for a loading or backhoe operation is obtained, the torque
control solenoid is ENERGIZED. With the torque control solenoid energized, the variable
displacement pump flow increases.
Pump discharge oil flows through the solenoid and a large and small orifice. The combined
discharged pump flow increases the pressure on the top of the torque control spool. This
increased pressure at the top of the torque control spool keeps the torque control spool seated.
At the same time a higher work port pressure occurs which generates a higher signal pressure to
keep the flow compensator in the down position. The combination of the two spools assists in
keeping the swashplate in a partially upstroked position to meet the higher operating flow
requirements and system pressure.
Due to the mechanical linkage working between the swashplate of the pump and the torque
limiter, the torque limiter spring force increases. With the increased spring force the pump will
destroke at a higher pressure.
In summary, full pump supply pressure is always available, however, flow is regulated to
maintain maximum input torque from the engine.
2/06
Due to the torque control solenoid, the torque limiter has two different torque curves: one for
the low torque mode, and one for the high torque mode.
When the hydraulic demand falls below the conditions stated above, the torque limiter closes.
The flow compensator now has control over the pump swashplate angle to regulate pump flow
and meet the required system pressure and flow demands.
2/06
2
5 4 3
117
Mechanical Loader Valve Group
The 420E/430E machines can be equipped with a mechanically controlled loader valve (1) or a
pilot controlled loader valve (not shown). The loader valve is accessed from below the floor
plate. The loader control valve group contains an inlet manifold (2), lift control valve (3), tilt
control valve (4), and auxiliary control valve (5, if equipped).
NOTE: 420E/430E machines with a mechanically controlled loader valve or a pilot

controlled loader valve use the same inlet manifold.
2/06
1 2
118
valve. The auxiliary control lever (2) controls the position of the auxiliary valve spool.
2/06
To Backhoe To Backhoe Orifice From Backhoe From Backhoe

Valve Valve ( inside Torque Valve Valve
Cont rol Spool)
Load Sensing
Torque Cont rol
Ride Cont rol Valve Relief Valve
Flow
Compensat or
Priorit y
Torque Cont rol
Valve
To Solenoid
HMU
Oil
Filt er
Lift
Valve
Oil
Torque Cooler
Limit er Valve
Lift Cylinders
Pressure
Compensat or
Pump Group
Tilt
Valve
Tilt Cylinder
Pressure
Compensat or
Auxiliary 420E / 430E HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Valve MECHANICALLY CONTROLLED LOADER VALVE
HOLD
MP Bucket Line Relief

Cylinders Valve
Pressure
Compensat or
119
This illustration shows the mechanically controlled loader valve on the 420E/430E machines.
The loader valve is closed-center. The loader valve includes the lift and tilt valves in the
standard loader valve group. The tilt valve contains two line relief valves. The auxiliary valve
(if equipped) contains one line relief valve.
The loader valves in the 420E/430E are a PPPC type, but there are no resolvers in the signal
network. The pressure compensator creates the load signal pressure by diverting part of the
supply oil going to the cylinder into the signal line. The highest load signal is sensed at all
compensator valves and at the pump control valve.
The pressure compensator valve maintains a controlled pressure differential across the spool to
control flow to the circuit. If more than one circuit is used at a time, the circuit with the highest
workport pressure is used to regulate the flow through each control valve.
The "E" Series Backhoe Loader hydraulic system is similar to the PPPC hydraulic system used
on other Caterpillar products. The system shown incorporates the flow control, signal
duplication, and resolver into one component called a pressure compensator valve.
2/06
The pressure compensator valve acts as a resolver to compare the different circuit workport
pressures and to send a signal pressure equal to the highest circuit pressure back to the pump.
The priority valve in the 420E/430E loader valve is a three-section valve that operates similarly
to the two-section priority valve in the 416E/422E/428E loader valve previously described.
2/06
420E / 430E / 432E / 434E / 442E / 444E LOADER

INLET MANIFOLD
Load Sensing Signal
To HMU
From Pump
To Loader Valve
120
This illustration shows the loader inlet manifold in the 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E and 444E
machines.
NOTE: The 420E/430E machines with a mechanically controlled loader valve and the
420E/430E/432E/434E/442E and 444E machines with a pilot controlled loader valve
use the same inlet manifold.
Oil flows from the pump to the priority valve. Before the engine is started, the spring holds the
priority spool to the left. When the engine is started, oil flow from the pump is directed to the
priority valve. With the spool to the right, the pump supply oil is directed to the HMU. As the
HMU passage fills, oil also enters the axial-drilled hole in the priority spool and flows to the
right end of the spool.
As pressure builds on the right end, the spool starts to move to the left, against spring force.
Oil continues to flow to the HMU and restricted oil flows to the loader valves. As the priority
valve spool continues to move to the left, oil is restricted by the priority spool from entering the
HMU supply passage and all oil flows to the loader implement valves.
When the priority spool is moved completely to the left, oil flow to the HMU supply passage is
blocked.
2/06
420E / 430E MECHANICAL LOADER

LIFT CONTROL VALVE
To Lift Cylinder HOLD
To Lift Cylinder
Rod End Head End
Signal Passage from

Priority Valve
Signal Passage
Compensator
Valve
Lift Spool
From
To Tank Pump
121
This illustration shows the mechanically controlled lift valve in the 420E/430E machines in the
HOLD position. In the HOLD position, the spring keeps the lift spool in the center position
and pump oil is blocked.
Signal pressure from the priority valve in the inlet manifold is directed to the top of the
compensator spools in the loader control valve group.
A signal passage allows signal oil to flow to the top of the adjoining compensator spools and to
the load sensing relief valve in the inlet manifold.
2/06

LIFT CONTROL VALVE
LOWER
Rod End Head End
Signal Passage from

Priority Valve
Signal Passage
Compensator
Valve
Lift Spool
To Tank From
P
122
This illustration shows the mechanically controlled lift valve in the 420E/430E machines in the
LOWER position.
When the loader joystick is moved to the LOWER position, the lift spool is moved to the right.
Pump oil flows past the lift spool and acts on the pressure compensator valve. The
compensator valve moves up and oil flows to the rod end of the lift cylinder.
The lift cylinder moves to the LOWER position. Return oil flows from the head end of the
pump supply passage. The oil in signal passage flows to the compensator valve in each loader
control valve. If the lift circuit is the only active circuit, or if the lift circuit has a work port
pressure higher than the other circuits that are active, the oil pressure from the lift circuit acts
on the pump actuator to control pump output.
2/06
To Tilt Cylinder To Tilt Cylinder

Rod End Head End TILT CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
Compensator
Signal Passage
Valve
Line Relief
Valve
Line Relief
Valve
Tilt Spool
Detent
Solenoid
From
To Tank
Pump
123
This illustration shows the mechanically controlled tilt valve in the 420E/430E machines in the
HOLD position.
dig" feature.
2/06

HOLD
To Auxiliary Cylinder To Auxiliary Cylinder
Rod End Head End
Compensator
Valve
Signal Passage
Line Relief
Valve
Auxiliary
Spool
To Tank From Pump
124
This illustration shows the optional mechanically controlled auxiliary valve in the 420E/430E
machines in the HOLD position. The auxiliary valve controls the oil to the auxiliary circuit.
The auxiliary control valve has a line relief valve for the rod end work port. The auxiliary
2/06
3
5
125
Ride Control System
The Ride Control System, on machines with the optional autoshift transmission, is controlled
by the Machine ECM (1). The Machine ECM monitors the position of the ride control
switch (2) and determines when to operate the ride control system.
On machines with the autoshift transmission, the ride control switch is a three position switch;
OFF, ON, and AUTO.
When the ride control switch is in the ON position, power is transferred to the ride control
relay (3). Power available at the ride control switch illuminates the indicators in the switch and
the ride control indicator on the instrument panel.
The Machine ECM will energize the ride control solenoids (4) via the ride control relay if the
pressure switch (5) is closed.
When the ride control switch is in the AUTO position, the Machine ECM uses input from the
pressure switch and the transmission speed sensor to determine when to operate the ride control
system.
SERVXXX - 139 - NPI
If the speed sensor input indicates ground speed is less than approximately 9.5 kilometers per
hour (6 mph), the Machine ECM will not engage the ride control system. If the input indicates
that the ground speed is greater than approximately 9.5 kilometers per hour (6 mph), the
Machine ECM directs an output signal to close the ride control relay.
When the relay closes the solenoid is energized.
NOTE: Hydraulic system operation of the Ride Control System on machines with the
autoshift transmission is the same as that on machines with the standard transmission,
as previously described. Refer to visual No. 91.
2/06
125A
The ride control status screen displays the ride control switch and the ride control relay. This
screen also shows the ride control activation speed and the machine ground speed.
2/06
126
Pilot Loader Valve Group
The 420E/430E machines can be equipped with a mechanically controlled loader valve as
previously discussed, or a pilot controlled loader valve as shown in this illustration. The
432E/434E/442E and 444E machines are all equipped with the pilot controlled loader valve.
The loader valve is accessed from below the floor plate. The loader control valve group
contains an outlet manifold (1), auxiliary control valve (2, if equipped), tilt control valve (3),
lift control valve (4), inlet manifold (5), and load sensing relief valve (6).
NOTE: 420E/430E machines with a mechanically controlled loader valve or a pilot

controlled loader valve use the same inlet manifold as previously discussed.
2/06
1 3
127
valve. The thumbswitch (2) controls the position of the auxiliary valve spool.
The AWS buttons (3) that control the All Wheel Steering are also located on the loader joystick.
AWS will be discussed later in the presentation.
2/06
127A
The hydraulic joysticks status screen displays status of the joystick thumbswitches for the
loader and the backhoe.
2/06
127B
The joysticks thumbswitches can be calibrated. This Cat ET screen displays the status of the
joysticks thumbswitches calibration.
2/06
From Backhoe From Backhoe

Orifice Valve
To Backhoe To Backhoe Valve
( inside Torque
Valve Valve
Cont rol Spool)
Load Sensing Relief Valve

Torque Cont rol
(420E / 430E / 432E / 442E)
Ride Cont rol Valve Flow
Compensat or
Priorit y Valve Torque

Select or
To
Solenoid
HMU
Oil
Filt er
Lift Valve
To / From
Loader
Torque Oil
Joystick
Limit er Cooler
Lift Valve
Pump
Cylinders Manual Group
Lower Valve
Tilt Valve
To / From
Loader Joystick
Tilt
Cylinders
Auxiliary Valve
420E / 430E / 432E / 434E / 442E / 444E

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Line Relief
MP Bucket
Valve
PILOT CONTROLLED LOADER VALVE
Cylinders HOLD
Coupler
Cylinder
To Pilot From Pilot

Manifold Manifold
128
The 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E and 444E pilot controlled loader valve illustration is shown
above.
The internal components of the pilot controlled loader valve are basically the same as the
420E/430E mechanically controlled loader valve except that the movement of the valve spools
is controlled by pilot oil.
2/06
420E / 430E / 432E / 434E / 442E / 444E PILOT LOADER

LIFT CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
Rod End Head End
Signal Passage from

Priority Valve Signal Passage
Compensator
Manual
Valve
Lower Valve
Lift Spool To Tank From

Pump
129
This illustration shows the pilot controlled lift valve in the 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E
machines in the HOLD position. In the HOLD position, the spring keeps the lift spool in the
center position and pump oil is blocked.
Pilot oil shifts the lift spool, which directs pump oil to the lift cylinders.
The pilot controlled loader valve also contains a manual lower valve to lower the lift arms if the
engine won't start or the implement pump fails.
2/06

LIFT CONTROL VALVE
RAISE
Rod End Head End
Signal Passage from

Priority Valve
Signal Passage
Compensator
Valve Manual Lower
Valve
To From
Lift Spool
Tank Pump
130
This illustration shows the pilot controlled lift valve in the RAISE position.
When the loader joystick is moved to the RAISE position, the lift pilot control valve directs oil
to the right end of the lift spool. The lift spool is moved to the left by the pilot oil pressure.
Pump oil flows past the lift spool and acts on the pressure compensator valve. The
compensator valve moves up and oil flows to the head end of the lift cylinder.
The lift cylinder moves to the RAISE position. Return oil flows from the head end of the
pump supply passage. The oil in signal passage flows to the compensator valve in each loader
control valve. If the lift circuit is the only active circuit, or if the lift circuit has a work port
pressure higher than the other circuits that are active, the oil pressure from the lift circuit acts
on the pump actuator to control pump output.
2/06

TILT CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
To Tilt Cylinder To Tilt Cylinder
Rod End Head End
Compensator
Valve Signal Passage

Valve Valve
From
Tilt Spool To Tank Pump
131
This illustration shows the pilot controlled tilt valve in the 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E
machines in the HOLD position.
Pilot oil shifts the tilt spool, which directs pump oil to the tilt cylinders.
dig" feature.
2/06

HOLD
To Auxiliary Circuit To Auxiliary Circuit
Compensator Signal Passage

Valve
Line Relief
Valve
Solenoid Valve
Solenoid Valve From

Auxiliary Spool To Tank Pump
132
This illustration shows the optional pilot controlled auxiliary valve in the
420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E machines in the HOLD position. The auxiliary valve
controls the oil to the auxiliary circuit.
The auxiliary valve is controlled by two solenoid valves upon command of the Machine ECM.
The thumbswitch on the loader joystick sends a signal to the Machine ECM to request an
auxiliary function. The Machine ECM sends a corresponding signal to the solenoid valves,
which direct oil to activate the work tool.
The auxiliary control valve has a line relief valve for the head end work port. The auxiliary
2/06
132A
This Cat ET screen shows the status of the loader auxiliary hydraulics functions.
2/06
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13
14
133
Pilot Backhoe Valve Group
The 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E and 444E machines are equipped with a pilot controlled
backhoe valve that is visible with the floor plate at the rear of the cab removed. This
illustration shows a backhoe valve in a 420E Backhoe Loader. The components in the backhoe
valve are:
- Right stabilizer control valve (1)

- Boom control valve (2)
- Stick control valve (3)
- Swing control valve (4)
- Bucket control valve (5)
- E-Stick control valve (6)
- Auxiliary control valve (7)
- Left stabilizer control valve (8)
- Pilot shutoff valve (9)
- Pattern switching valve (10)
- Flushing/margin relief valve (11)
- Signal drain valve (12)
2/06
The pilot manifold (13) can also be accessed with the floor plate removed. The pilot pressure
tap (14) is located on the pilot manifold. The pilot manifold routes pilot oil to and from the
loader and backhoe pilot control valves.
2/06
15 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
13
14 1
9
10
11 12
134
This illustration shows a sideshift machine pilot controlled backhoe valve with seven control
valves. The auxiliary control valve is not installed in this control valve group. The components
in the control valve group are:
- Inlet manifold (1)

- Boom control valve (2)
- Pattern switching valve (3)
- Stick control valve (4)
- Right stabilizer control valve (5)
- Left stabilizer control valve (6)
- Swing control valve (7)
- Bucket control valve (8)
- E-Stick control valve (9)
- Outlet manifold (10)
- Sideshift lock solenoid (11)
- Pilot pressure reducing valve (12)
- Pilot ON/OFF valve (13)
- Load sensing relief valve (14)
- Signal drain valve (15)
2/06
3
4
1
1
2 2
5
135
The backhoe joysticks (1) control the position of the boom, swing, bucket, and stick backhoe
valve spools in the backhoe control valve. The stabilizer control levers (2) control the position
of the right and left stabilizer valve spools.
The thumbswitch (3) on the left joystick controls the auxiliary functions (if equipped). The
thumbswitch on the right joystick (4) controls the E-Stick (if quipped) or a hammer (if
installed).
The joystick pattern switch (5) controls the pattern switching valve solenoids located on the
backhoe valve group. The pattern switching valve allows the backhoe to change from an
excavator to a backhoe control pattern.
2/06
135A
The hydraulic joysticks status screen displays status of the joystick thumbswitches for the
loader and the backhoe as previously shown.
2/06
135B
The stabilizer lever position status and stabilizer alarm status is shown in this illustration.
2/06
135C
This Cat ET screen displays the status of the joysticks thumbswitches calibration as previously
shown.
2/06
Swing
Cylinders
Boom Stick Bucket E-Stick

Right Stabilizer Cylinder Cylinder Left Stabilizer
Cylinder Cylinder
Cylinder Cylinder
Swing
From Cushion Valves
Loader
Valve
Signal
To Pilot Relief Valve
Manifold
Accumulator
Signal Drain
Valve
To Brake
Booster
Pressure
Pilot Pressure Differential
Relief Valve
Reducing Valve
Right Left
Boom Stick Swing Bucket E-Stick AUX
To / From Left Stabilizer Joystick

Pattern
Switching From Loader Valve Inlet Manifold
To/From To /From To / From
Valve From Ride Control Valve
Right Stabilizer Left Joystick Right Joystick
Joystick Orifice
(Inside Torque Control Spool)
From From
Right Left Torque Control
From From
Joystick Left Joystick
Right Flow Compensator
Joystick Joystick
Torque
Selector
Solenoid
To Loader Valve
Inlet Manifold Oil
Filter
420E / 430E HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Oil
Torque Limiter
Cooler
Valve
PILOT CONTROLLED BACKHOE VALVE

HOLD
Pump
Group
136
This illustration shows the pilot controlled backhoe valve on the 420E/430E machines. The
standard backhoe valve group contains six control valves. A valve group with seven or eight
control valves is available if the machine is equipped with an E-Stick valve and/or auxiliary
valve.
All the valves are pressure compensated including the stabilizer valves. The backhoe valves in
the 420E/430E are also a PPPC type similar to the pilot controlled loader valves. The pressure
compensator creates the load signal pressure by diverting part of the supply oil going to the
cylinder into the signal line. The highest load signal is sensed at all compensator valves in the
backhoe group and at the pump control valve.
There is a check valve in the signal network that prevents the loader compensators from sensing
the signal.
Oil from the pump flows into the backhoe valve then to the individual valve spools and the
pilot pressure reducing valve. The pilot pressure reducing valve reduces the pump oil pressure
to pilot pressure. Pilot oil pressure is available to the pilot manifold, pilot accumulator and to
the E-Stick and auxiliary solenoid valves. The pilot accumulator supplies oil to the brake boost
valve.
2/06
The pilot controlled backhoe valve is also equipped with a pattern switching valve. The pattern
switching valve allows the backhoe controls to be changed from an excavator to a backhoe
control pattern.
The outlet manifold contains the load sensing relief valve, the flushing/margin relief valve, and
the signal drain valve.
The signal relief valve limits the maximum signal pressure for the backhoe valve. On the
434E/444E machines, the signal relief valve limits the maximum signal pressure for the
backhoe valve and the loader valve.
The signal drain valve provides a means for the signal oil to flow to the tank when all circuits
are returned to HOLD.
The pressure differential relief valve directs some of the pump oil flow to the tank in the
standby condition because the pump produces more output flow than is required for leakage
makeup. The pressure differential relief valve directs some of the pump oil flow to the tank in
three distinct circumstances.
1. In standby condition with all control valves in NEUTRAL (pressure differential relief
valve functions as a flushing valve).
2. When a cylinder is suddenly bottomed or stalled.
3. When the control valve is rapidly returned to NEUTRAL.
NOTE: The stabilizer, boom, and stick valves each include two anti-drift valves, which
stop implement drift.
2/06
Swing
Cylinders
Boom Stick Bucket

Right Stabilizer E-Stick Side Shift
Cylinder Cylinder Left Stabilizer
Cylinder Cylinder Lock Pistons
Cylinder Cylinder
(442E / 444E)
From Swing
Cushion Valves
Loader
Valve
Signal
To Pilot
Relief Valve
Manifold
Accumulator Signal Drain

To Brake Valve
Booster
(434E / 444E)
Pressure
Pilot Pressure Differential
Reducing Valve Relief Valve
Right Left
Boom Stick Swing Bucket E-Stick AUX
Side Shift Lock Pistons

To /From
Right Joystick ON/OFF Valve (442E/444E)
Pattern
Switching To All Wheel Steer (432E / 434E / 444E)
Valve To/From To / From To /From From Loader Valve Inlet Manifold
Right Stabilizer Left Stabilizer Left Joystick From Ride
Joystick Joystick Control Valve
Orifice
( Inside Torque Control Spool)
From From From Left Joystick Torque Control

From
Right Left Right
Joystick Joystick Joystick Flow Compensator
Torque
Selector
Solenoid
To Loader Valve Oil
Inlet Manifold Filter
Oil
Cooler
432E / 434E / 442E / 444E HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

PILOT CONTROLLED BACKHOE VALVE
Pump
HOLD Group
137
This illustration shows the pilot controlled backhoe valve on the 432E/434E/442E/444E
machines. This valve is similar to the pilot controlled backhoe valve on the 420E/430E, but the
stabilizer valves are in different locations within the valve group. The 420E/430E stabilizer
valves are located on the outboard ends of the backhoe valve group. The
432E/434E/442E/444E stabilizer valves are located near the center of the backhoe valve group.
The 432E/434E/442E/444E machines are equipped with side shift lock pistons to lock the side
shift mechanism in place. The side shift lock piston ON/OFF solenoid valve controls the oil
flow to the side shift pistons.
2/06
420E / 430E / 432E / 434E / 442E / 444E

PILOT BACKHOE INLET MANIFOLD
HOLD
Pilot Pressure Pilot ON / OFF

Reducing Valve Solenoid Valve
To Pilot To Pilot From

Valves Accumulator Pump
138
This illustration shows the backhoe inlet manifold in the 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E and 444E
machines.
The inlet manifold contains the pilot pressure reducing valve and the pilot ON/OFF solenoid
valve. The pilot pressure reducing valve reduces the implement and steering pump oil pressure
to pilot pressure to be used for moving the control valve spools. The pilot ON/OFF solenoid
controls the oil flow to the pilot system. The pilot ON/OFF solenoid is controlled by the
implement lockout switch in the cab.
2/06
420E / 430E / 432E / 434E / 442E / 444E PILOT BACKHOE

STABILIZER CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
To Stabilizer Cylinder To Stabilizer Cylinder
Rod End Head End
Compensator
Valve
Signal Passage
Line Relief
Valve
Actuator
Pin
Actuator
Pin
Stabilizer Spool From

To Tank
Pump
139
This illustration shows the pilot controlled stabilizer valve in the 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E
and 444E machines in the HOLD position. In the HOLD position, the spring keeps the
stabilizer spool in the center position and pump oil is blocked.
Pilot oil shifts the stabilizer spool, which directs pump oil to the stabilizer cylinders.
The stabilizer control valve has a line relief valve for the rod end work port. The pilot
controlled stabilizer joystick has three positions: UP, HOLD, and DOWN.
The stabilizer valve also contains a check valve in the rod and head end ports that prevents the
stabilizers from drifting. When the stabilizer is activated, the stabilizer spool moves one of the
actuator pins up, which allows the return oil to flow to the tank.
2/06
420E / 430E PILOT BACKHOE

BOOM CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
Rod End Head End
Compensator
Valve
Line Relief Signal Passage
Valve
Line Relief
Actuator Valve
Pin
To Tank From
Boom Spool
Pump
140
This illustration shows the pilot controlled boom valve in the 420E/430E machines in the
HOLD position. In the HOLD position, the spring keeps the boom spool in the center position
and pump oil is blocked.
Pilot oil shifts the boom spool, which directs pump oil to the boom cylinder.
The pilot controlled boom joystick has three positions: RAISE, HOLD, and LOWER. The
boom valve also includes head end and rod end line relief valves that limit the oil pressure in
the RAISE and LOWER circuits.
The boom valve also contains a check valve in the rod end port that prevents the boom from
drifting down. When the boom is lowered, the boom spool moves the actuator pin up, which
allows the return oil to flow to the tank.
2/06

STICK CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
Rod End Head End
Compensator
Valve
Line Relief Signal Passage
Valve
Line Relief
Actuator Valve
Pin
To Tank From
Lift Spool Pump
141
This illustration shows the pilot controlled stick valve in the 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E and
444E machines in the HOLD position. In the HOLD position, the spring keeps the stick spool
in the center position and pump oil is blocked.
Pilot oil shifts the stick spool, which directs pump oil to the stick cylinder.
The pilot controlled stick joystick has three positions: STICK IN, HOLD, and STICK OUT.
The stick valve also includes head end and rod end line relief valves that limit the oil pressure
in the STICK IN and STICK OUT circuits.
The stick valve also contains a check valve in the rod end port that prevents the stick from
drifting out. When the stick is activated, the stick spool moves the actuator pin up, which
2/06
420E / 430E / 432E / 434 / 442E / 444E PILOT BACKHOE

SWING CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
To Swing Cylinder To Swing Cylinder
Signal Passage from

Priority Valve
Compensator Signal Passage

Valve

Valve Valve
Swing Spool To Tank From

Pump
142
This illustration shows the pilot controlled swing valve in the 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E and
444E machines in the HOLD position. In the HOLD position, the spring keeps the swing
spool in the center position and pump oil is blocked.
Pilot oil shifts the swing spool, which directs pump oil to the swing cylinders.
The pilot controlled swing joystick has three positions: SWING LEFT, HOLD, and SWING
RIGHT. The swing valve also includes head end and rod end line relief valves that limit the oil
pressure in the SWING LEFT and SWING RIGHT circuits.
Signal pressure from the priority valve in the loader inlet manifold is directed to the top of the
compensator spools in the backhoe control valve group.
A signal passage allows signal oil to flow to the top of the adjoining compensator spools in the
backhoe control valve group.
2/06
420E / 430E / 432E / 434E / 442E / 444E

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
SWING CUSHION VALVE
Swing
Cylinders Swing Cushion
Valve
Swing Cushion
Valve
To / From
Swing Control Valve
143
When oil is directed from the swing control valve, the boom swings to the right. When the
swing control valve is moved from the SWING RIGHT position to the NEUTRAL position, oil
is blocked. The continued motion of the boom and stick causes pressure to increase, causing
the boom to swing to the left.
As pressure continues to increase the boom swings back to the right. The boom continues to
move to the right until the pressure stabilizes. The swing cushion valves relieve the oil pressure
by directing the oil from the rod end of the left cylinder and head end of the right cylinder to
the rod end of the right cylinder and the head end of the left cylinder.
The swing cushion valves will operate identically when the boom swings in either direction.
2/06
420E / 430E / 432E / 434E / 442E / 444E

PILOT BACKHOE BUCKET CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
Rod End Head End
Compensator

Valve Valve
Lift Spool To Tank From

Pump
144
This illustration shows the pilot controlled bucket valve in the 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E and
444E machines in the HOLD position. In the HOLD position, the spring keeps the bucket
Pilot oil shifts the bucket spool, which directs pump oil to the bucket cylinder.
The pilot controlled bucket joystick has three positions: LOAD, HOLD, and DUMP. The
bucket valve also includes head end and rod end line relief valves that limit the oil pressure in
the LOAD and DUMP circuits.
2/06

HOLD
Rod End Head End
Compensator
Line Relief
Valve
Actuator
Pin
Solenoids
E-Stick Spool From

To Tank
Pump
145
This illustration shows the pilot controlled E-Stick valve in the 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E
and 444E machines in the HOLD position. In the HOLD position, the spring keeps the E-Stick
The E-Stick valve is controlled by two solenoid valves upon command of the Machine ECM.
The thumbswitch on the right backhoe joystick sends a signal to the Machine ECM to activate
the E-Stick. The Machine ECM sends a corresponding signal to the solenoid valves, which
direct oil to move the E-Stick cylinder.
The E-Stick thumbswitch has three positions: STICK EXTEND, HOLD, and STICK
RETRACT. The E-Stick valve also includes a rod end line relief valve that limits the oil
pressure in the E-Stick rod end circuit.
The E-Stick valve also contains a check valve in the rod end port that prevents the E-Stick from
drifting out. When the E-Stick is activated, the boom spool moves the actuator pin up, which
2/06
420E / 430E / 432E / 434E / 442E / 444E PILOT BACKHOE

HOLD
To Auxiliary Circuit To Auxiliary Circuit
Compensator
Line Relief
Valve
Solenoid Line Relief

Valve
Solenoid From
Auxiliary Spool To Tank Pump
146
This illustration shows the pilot controlled auxiliary valve in the 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E
and 444E machines in the HOLD position. In the HOLD position, the spring keeps the
auxiliary spool in the center position and pump oil is blocked.
The auxiliary valve is controlled by two solenoid valves upon command of the Machine ECM.
The thumbswitch on the left backhoe joystick sends a signal to the Machine ECM to activate
the auxiliary function. The Machine ECM sends a corresponding signal to the solenoid valves,
which direct oil to activate the work tool.
The auxiliary thumbswitch has three positions: OPEN, HOLD, and CLOSE. The auxiliary
valve also includes head end and rod end line relief valves that limit the oil pressure in the
OPEN and CLOSE circuits.
03/06
146A
This Cat ET screen shows the status of the backhoe auxiliary hydraulics functions.
2/06

OUTLET MANIFOLD
HOLD
Signal
Relief Valve
Signal Drain
Valve
Pressure
Differential
Relief Valve
147
This illustration shows the outlet manifold in the 420E/430E machines. The outlet manifold
contains the load sensing relief valve, the signal drain valve, and the margin relief valve.
The load sensing relief valve limits the maximum load sensing pressure for the backhoe valve.
The signal drain valve provides a path for the signal oil to flow to the tank when all circuits are
returned to HOLD.
The flushing/margin relief valve directs some of the pump oil flow to the tank in the standby
condition because the pump produces more output flow than is required for leakage makeup.
The flushing/margin relief valve directs some of the pump oil flow to the tank in three distinct
circumstances.
1. In standby condition with all control valves in NEUTRAL.
2. When a cylinder is suddenly bottomed or stalled.
3. When the control valve is rapidly returned to NEUTRAL.

2/06
432E / 434E / 442E / 444E PILOT BACKHOE

OUTLET MANIFOLD
HOLD
Signal
Relief Valve
Signal Drain
Valve
Pressure
Differential
Relief Valve Sideshift Lock Piston
ON/OFF Valve
148
This illustration shows the outlet manifold in the 432E/434E/442E/444E machines. The outlet
manifold contains the load sensing relief valve, the signal drain valve, and the margin relief
valve the same as the outlet manifold in the 420E/430E machines previously discussed.
On the 434E/444E machines, the load sensing relief valve limits the maximum load sensing
pressure for the backhoe valve and the loader valve.
The outlet manifold in the 432E/434E/442E/444E machines also contains the sideshift lock
solenoid used to lock the boom to the frame rails.
2/06
432E / 434E / 442E / 444E

PILOT BACKHOE BOOM VALVE
HOLD
Rod End Head End
Compensator

Valve Valve
Boom Spool To Tank From

Pump
149
This illustration shows the pilot controlled boom valve in the 432E/434E/442E/444E machines
The boom valve in the 432E/434E/442E/444E machines operates the same as the boom valve in
the 420E/430E machines (previously described), but does not include a check valve in the rod
and head end ports to prevent the boom from drifting.
2/06

STICK CONTROL VALVE
HOLD
To Stick Cylinder To Stick Cylinder
Rod End Head End
Compensator

Valve Valve
Stick Spool To Tank From

Pump
150
This illustration shows the pilot controlled stick valve in the 432E/434E/442E/444E machines
The stick valve in the 432E/434E/442E/444E machines operates the same as the stick valve in
the 420E/430E machines (previously described), but does not include a check valve in the rod
and head end ports to prevent the stick from drifting.
2/06

HOLD
Rod End Head End
Compensator
Line Relief
Valve
Solenoid
Solenoid
E-Stick Spool To Tank From
Pump
151
This illustration shows the pilot controlled E-Stick valve in the 432E/434E/442E/444E
machines in the HOLD position.
The E-Stick valve in the 432E/434E/442E/444E machines operates the same as the E-Stick
valve in the 420E/430E machines (previously described), but does not include a check valve in
the rod end port to prevent the E-Stick from drifting.
2/06
TWO WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM

416E / 422E / 428E BACKHOE LOADERS
From Backhoe To Backhoe
From Backhoe
HOLD From Backhoe
Valve Valve Valve
Valve
Load Sensing Flow

Relief Valve Oil
Compensat or
Filt er
Oil
Cooler
Priorit y
Valve
Pressure
From Loader Cut off
Valve
Pump Group
LS Relief
Valve
From
Loader
Valve
To
HMU Loader
Crossover Valve
Relief Valves
Front St eering Cylinder
152
STEERING SYSTEM
Two Wheel Steering
This illustrations shows the steering system on the 416E/422E/428E machines.
The steering system features a dynamic signal the same as the "D" Series machines. With the
dynamic signal and the steering in HOLD, the steering priority spool sends oil through the
HMU signal line and HMU back to the tank. When the steering wheel is turned, this dynamic
signal oil shifts the priority spool to direct pump supply oil to the HMU, resulting in faster
steering response than systems without a dynamic signal.
The "E" Series HMU also includes two crossover relief and makeup valves, and a load sensing
relief valve. The crossover relief and makeup valves provide steering capability when the
engine is not running by allowing oil to recirculate between the HMU and the steering cylinder
when the steering wheel is turned.
The load sensing relief valve limits the maximum load sensing signal for the loader valve
group.
2/06
TWO WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM

420E / 430E / 432E / 434E / 442E / 444E BACKHOE LOADERS
HOLD From From
Backhoe Valve Backhoe Valve
To From
To
Backhoe Ride Cont rol
Backhoe
Valve Valve
Valve
Torque Cont rol
Load Flow
Sensing Compensat or
Priorit y Valve Relief
From Torque
Valve
Loader Valve Cont rol
Solenoid
Oil
Filt er
To From
Loader Loader
Valve Torque Oil
Valve
Limit er Valve Cooler
Pump
Group
LS Relief
Valve
From
Pilot
HMU
Manifold
Crossover
Relief Valves
153
This illustrations shows the steering system on the 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E and 444E
machines.
The HMU is the same as the 416E/422E/428E machines, but the 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E
and 444E machines are equipped with a different pump and priority valve as previously
described.
2/06
TWO WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM From

From
420E / 430E / 432E / 434E / 442E / 444E BACKHOE LOADERS Backhoe Valve
Backhoe Valve
TURN
To From
Backhoe Ride Cont rol
To Valve Valve
Backhoe Valve
Torque
Cont rol
Load
Sensing Flow
Relief Compensat or
Priorit y Valve
Valve
From Torque
Loader Valve Cont rol
Solenoid
Oil
Filt er
To From
Loader Valve Loader Valve
Torque Oil
Limit er Cooler
Valve
Pump
Group
LS Relief
Valve
From
Pilot Manifold
HMU
Crossover Relief Valves
154
This illustration shows the steering system during a turn. Signal oil is sent from the steering
priority valve past the check valve to the HMU where the oil combines with the cylinder oil.
The pressure in the HMU signal line is limited to the steering cylinder port pressure. The
signal oil also enters the signal network and flows to the pump control valve. The pump then
increases flow to meet the steering system flow requirements.
Oil from the pump flows past the steering priority valve to the HMU and to the double rod
steering cylinder. When the machine makes a turn, the HMU directs oil to the left side of the
cylinder piston and opens the right side to the tank. A turn in the other direction operates
inversely.
The check valve in the pump supply line between the HMU and the loader valve inlet manifold
prevents steering "kickback" due to an external force. The makeup valve provides steering
capability when the engine is not running by allowing oil to recirculate between the HMU and
the steering cylinder when the steering wheel is turned.
2/06
ALL WHEEL STEER SYSTEM

HOLD
From
From Ride Backhoe Valve
Rear Axle Cont rol Valve
Torque From
Control Backhoe Valve
Circle St eer IRM To Priorit y
Pilot Valve Left Valve
Solenoid Flow
Compensat or
Torque
Control
Solenoid
IRM
Right From
Circle St eer
Solenoid Backhoe Oil
Valve
Valve Filt er
All Wheel St eer Valve
Oil
To Cooler
Backhoe
Valve
Front Axle
LS Port
Crossover Relief Valves
Pump
Group
HMU
From Pilot Manifold
To Priorit y LS Relief
Valve Valve
From Priorit y
Valve
155
All Wheel Steer
The AWS system is the same as the updated "D" Series machines. The AWS system is
available on the 432E and 442E models and standard on the 434E and 444E models.
The line relief valves protect the rear steering cylinder and lines from external shocks and heat
build up. The line reliefs will also open during the Circle Steer Mode if the rear steering
cylinder reaches the end of its stroke prior to the front steering cylinder.
The pilot valve is energized to direct oil to the pilot operated check valves to unseat them when
CIRCLE STEER is selected.
The circle steer valve allows TWO WHEEL STEERING when the valve is de-energized by
allowing oil to pass between the two steering lines for the front axle.
When CIRCLE STEER is selected, the circle steer valve is energized to block the flow between
the two steering lines.
2/06
The four upper pilot operated check valves are controlled by the circle steer pilot valve. When
the pilot valve is energized, supply oil unseats the four pilot operated check valves. This action
connects the front steering cylinder lines with the rear steering cylinder lines.
The two lower pilot operated check valves are unseated by supply oil to the rear steering
cylinder whenever one of the Independent Rear Maneuvering (IRM) solenoids are energized.
The orifice check valves in the lines to the rear axle prevent cylinder voiding.
2/06
2 1
3
5
156
These illustrations show the AWS components located in the cab and on the rear axle.
The AWS mode select switch (1) allows the operator to choose between the three steering
modes: TWO WHEEL STEER, CIRCLE STEER, and IRM STEERING. The AWS indicator
lamp (2) illuminates when CIRCLE STEER or IRM STEERING is selected.
The buttons (3) on the right loader joystick control the rear steering cylinder (4) in the IRM
STEERING mode.
The AWS position gauge (5) displays the position of the rear axle relative to the centerline of
the machine. The rear steering position sensor (6) senses the position of the rear steering
cylinder and sends a variable signal to the AWS position gauge.
2/06
157
5
1
4
1
3
2 158
These illustrations show the location and components of the AWS control valve group. The
following components are visible in the bottom illustration:
- Pilot operated check valves (1)

- Line relief valve (2)
- Left IRM solenoid valve (3)
- Right IRM solenoid valve (4)
- Circle steer solenoid valve (5)
2/06
159
CONCLUSION
This presentation has provided service information on the "E" Series Backhoe Loaders.
This presentation supports the service manual. When used in conjunction with the service
manual, the information in this package should permit the technician to do a thorough job of
analyzing a problem in these systems.
For service repairs, adjustments, and maintenance, always refer to the Owner and Operator
Manual, Service Manuals, and other related service publications.
2/06
HYDRAULIC SCHEMATIC COLOR CODE
Black - Mechanical connection. Seal Red - High pressure oil
Dark Gray - Cutaway section Red/White Stripes - 1st pressure reduction
Light Gray - Surface color Red Crosshatch - 2nd reduction in pressure
White - Atmosphere or Pink - 3rd reduction in pressure

Air (No pressure)
Purple - Pneumatic pressure Red/Pink Stripes - Secondary source oil pressure
Yellow - Moving or activated components Orange - Pilot, charge, or Torque Converter oil
Cat Yellow - (R estricted usage) Orange / White Stripes -

Identification of components Reduced pilot, charge, or TC oil pressure
within a moving group
Orange Crosshatch - 2nd reduction in
Brown - Lubricating oil pilot, charge, or TC oil pressure.
Green - Tank, sump, or return oil Blue - Trapped oil
Green / White Stripes -

Scavenge Oil or Hydraulic Void
This illustration identifies the meanings of the colors used in the hydraulic schematics and
cross-sectional views shown throughout this presentation.
2/06
SERVXXX
Black - Mechanical connection. Seal Red - High pressure oil
Dark Gray - Cutaway section Red/White Stripes - 1st pressure reduction
Light Gray - Surface color Red Crosshatch - 2nd reduction in pressure
White - Atmosphere or Pink - 3rd reduction in pressure

Air (No pressure)
Purple - Pneumatic pressure Red/Pink Stripes - Secondary source oil pressure

- 185 -
Yellow - Moving or activated components Orange - Pilot, charge, or Torque Converter oil
Cat Yellow - (R estricted usage) Orange / White Stripes -

Identification of components Reduced pilot, charge, or TC oil pressure
within a moving group
Orange Crosshatch - 2nd reduction in
Brown - Lubricating oil pilot, charge, or TC oil pressure.
Green - Tank, sump, or return oil Blue - Trapped oil
Green / White Stripes -

Scavenge Oil or Hydraulic Void
Text Reference
STMG XXX - 186 - Handout No. 1
2/06
"E" Series Machine Walk-around Checklist

Directions: Use this sheet when performing the machine orientation lab exercise.
Place a check in the blank if the fluid level is acceptable.
Model
Engine oil level
Transmission oil level
Hydraulic system oil level
Brake system oil level
Cooling system fluid level
Fuel level
Place a check in the blank if acceptable or after task was performed.

Drain water separator
Check seat belt
Check air filter indicator
Check cab air filter
Place a check in the blank if the indicator, switch or control is working correctly.
Key start switch
Turn signal
Tachometer
Engine coolant gauge
Power train/converter oil temperature gauge
Fuel level gauge
Parking brake light
Turn signal
Horn
Front work lights
Rear work lights
Windshield wipers
Heating and air conditioner controls
Service hour meter
Backup alarm
High beam indicator
2/06
"E" Series Machine Walk-around Checklist - continued

Place a check in the blank after locating and reading the following warnings labels on the machine.
Model High pressure accumulator
Do not operate Crush hazard
No ether in air inlet No exit
Quick coupler pins Pressurized system
Loader arm brace High cylinder pressure
ROPS Seat belt
Use of jumper cables
Place a check in the blank after locating

each of the following controls.
Front governor pedal
Steering wheel
Directional shifter
Speed selector or shifter
Transmission neutral lock switch
Transmission neutralizer switches (both)
All wheel drive (AWD) switch (if equipped)
Transmission Auto/Manual switch (autoshift only)
Differential lock pedal (if equipped)
Brake pedals
Parking brake lever and release
Loader lift and tilt controls
Loader auxiliary lever (mechanical controls)
Continuous flow switch
Rear governor lever
Stabilizer controls
Boom lock lever
Boom lever
Swing lever
Stick lever
Bucket lever
E-stick/attachment control
Pattern changer switch (if equipped)
Implement lockout switch (if equipped)
2/06
"E" Series Backhoe Loader Engine Checklist
Directions: Use this sheet to take notes during the presentation. During the engine lab, use this sheet
as a checklist when identifying components.
Model
Fuel filter
Fuel injection pump
Fuel Shutdown Solenoid
Priming (lift) pump
Primary air filter
Secondary air filter
Oil filter
Water separator w/fuel filter
Engine oil dipstick
Engine oil pressure test port
Turbocharger (if equipped)
Air filter indicator
Glow plugs
Cold start advance solenoid
Radiator
Water pump
Temperature regulator housing
High idle adjustment screw
Low idle adjustment screw
Plug for checking engine boost
2/06
"E" Series Electrical System Checklist

Directions: During a lab exercise, use this sheet as a checklist when identifying components on the
machine and for recording information from the electrical schematic.
Machine Schematic
Location Part No. Location Parts Manual Description Schematic Description
Starter motor
Alternator
Battery
Key start fuse
Engine oil pressure switch
Hydraulic oil temperature sensor
Fuel level sender
Engine shutdown solenoid
Key start switch
Start relay
Start aid switch
Start aid relay
Glow plugs
Cold start advance solenoid
Auto/Manual switch (if

equipped)
Ride control relay (if equipped)
Torque limiter relay (if

equipped)
Hydraulic filter bypass switch
Cat ET Connector
Machine ECM
2/06
Standard Power Train Component Checklist

Directions: Use this sheet to take notes during the slide presentation (i.e. location, functions). During
a lab exercise, use this sheet as a checklist when identifying components and pressure test locations.
Fill tube
Filter
Suction screen
Torque converter housing
Transmission directional control selector lever
Transmission hydraulic system relief valve
Torque converter inlet relief valve
Transmission control valve
AWD solenoid valve (if equipped)
Transmission oil cooler
Test Locations:
Lube pressure
FORWARD clutch pressure
REVERSE clutch pressure
Pump supply pressure
Torque converter outlet pressure
Torque converter inlet pressure
AWD clutch pressure

Standard Power Train with AWD Component Checklist
2/06
Directions: Fill in the blanks next to the numbers and letters with the correct term.
STMG XXX
Identify Components
A
B G
C
D 5
H
E R
F
G H
H
C E F
I
F
- 191 -
J D 6
K 7 G
1 AWD
Identify Test Ports

2
B J I
1 A
2 K
4 3
3
4
5
6
7
Handout No. 6
2/06
Backhoe Loader Transmission Test Sheet

Machine Model _____________________________ Dealer ________________________________________
Name/Code ________________________________ Customer _______________________________________
Mach. S/N _________________________________ Job ____________________________________________
Trans. S/N _________________________________ Application _____________________________________
Engine S/N _________________________________ Date ___________________________________________
S.M.U. _____________________________________ Serviceman _____________________________________
VISUAL CHECKS
Oil Level _______ Suction Screen _______
Oil Type _______ Oil Filter _______
Oil Leaks _______ Abrasives in Oil _______
Air/H2O in Oil _______ Debris in Pan _______
PRESSURE TESTS
PARKING BRAKE - ON
PRESSURES
SHIFT LOW IDLE HIGH IDLE
PRESSURE TEST
LEVER
SPEC ACTUAL SPEC ACTUAL
Pump Supply N XXXX
Forward Clutch F XXXX
Reverse Clutch R XXXX
Lube N XXXX
T.C. Inlet N XXXX XXXX
T.C. Outlet (T.C. Stall) 4th/FWD XXXX XXXX
AWD Clutch Pressure N
SHIFT ENGINE SPEED

PRESSURE TEST
LEVER SPEC ACTUAL
T.C. Outlet (T.C. Stall) 4th / FWD
T.C. Outlet (T.C. Stall) 4th / REV
NOTE: Depending on which service publication is used, specifications may not always be
provided for both speed ranges.
When testing the transmission pressures, use the stabilizers to raise the rear wheels off the
ground. As the machine attempts to drive through the brakes, the machine will not move.
2/06
Autoshift Transmission Component Checklist

Directions: Use this sheet to take notes during the presentation (i.e. location, functions). During a lab,
use this sheet as a checklist when identifying components and pressure test locations.
Model
Solenoid No. 1 - FORWARD LOW
Solenoid No. 2 - FORWARD HIGH
Solenoid No. 3 - REVERSE
Solenoid No. 4 - speed clutch No. 1
All wheel drive solenoid (if available)
Torque converter inlet relief valve
Transmission speed sensor
Input shaft
Output shaft
Machine ECM
Test Locations:
Pump supply pressure
FORWARD HIGH clutch pressure
FORWARD LOW clutch pressure
Speed clutch No. 1
Speed clutch No. 2
Speed clutch No. 3
REVERSE pressure tap
Lube pressure tap
All-Wheel Drive clutch pressure tap (if available)
Autoshift Power Train Components
2/06
Directions: Fill in the blanks next to the

letters with the correct term.
STMG XXX
Identify Components: Data Link

Service Port
A Shift Lever Parking Brake Switch

Ride Control Switch Machine Downshift/Neutralizer Switch
ECM Transmission Output Speed Sensor
Auto/Manual Switch
B Neutral Lock Switch Ride Control Disable
C
Orifice
D 6 3 4
2 1
C F G
E A B H
1
3 D
- 194 -
F 2
E D
G D E LO
H R HI
Torque
Pump Transmission Converter
Lube
Suction Oil Cooler
Screen
Handout No. 9
2/06
Autoshift Transmission System Pressure Tests
Machine Model ________________________ Dealer ____________________________

Name/Code ____________________________ Customer__________________________
Machine S/N __________________________ Job ______________________________
Transmission S/N ______________________ Application ________________________
Engine S/N ____________________________ Date______________________________
S.M.H. ________________________________ Technician ________________________
ENGINE SPEED
PRESSURE TEST LOW IDLE HIGH IDLE
Pump Pressure
Lube Pressure
All Wheel Drive Pressure
Torque Converter Inlet (Optional)
FORWARD HIGH
Torque Converter Outlet (Not Applicable) XXX XXX XXX XXX
REVERSE
FORWARD LOW
Speed Clutch 1
Speed Clutch 2
Speed Clutch 3
Comments:
2/06
Autoshift Transmission System Pressure Tests

(continued)
ENGINE SPEED
PRESSURE TEST LOW IDLE HIGH IDLE
Pressure difference between Pump and

FORWARD LOW

FORWARD HIGH

REVERSE
Pressure difference between Pump and Clutch 1

All Wheel Drive Clutch
Comments:
2/06
"E" Series Hydraulic System Component Checklist

Directions: Use this sheet to take notes during the presentation (i.e. location, functions). During a lab
exercise, use this as a checklist when identifying components.
Model
Hydraulic tank
Hydraulic oil filter
Pump
Pump control valve
Torque limiter (if equipped)
Torque control solenoid (if equipped)
Loader valve group
Backhoe valve group
Implement controls
Pump supply pressure test port
Signal pressure test port
Hand metering unit (HMU)
Pilot accumulator (if equipped)
Ride control accumulator (if equipped)
Machine ECM (if equipped)
Swing cushion valve (if equipped)

416E/422E/428E Hydraulic System Component Checklist
2/06
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct component name.

STMG XXX
Tank
- 198 -
Handout No. 13
420E/430E (Parallel Lift) Hydraulic System Component Checklist
2/06

STMG XXX
SHOULD THE PISTONS BE GRAY???
Tank
Pump
- 199 -
Handout No. 14
432E/434E/442E/444E Hydraulic System Component Checklist
2/06

STMG XXX
GRAY PISTON????
Tank
- 200 -
Handout No. 15
2/06
"E" Series Hydraulic Pump Components Checklist

420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E Machines
Directions: Fill in the blanks next to the letters with the correct term. Use this sheet to take notes
during the slide presentation.
Small
Orifice
A
Large B
Orifice
C
D
L
E
K
Signal
Relief
Valve G F
J
H Backhoe
Inlet Manifold
Pump
I LS Signal Output
A G
B H
C I
D J
E K
F L
2/06
BACKHOE LOADER HYDRAULIC TESTS
PRESSURE TEST SPEC ACTUAL ADJUSTED
Low Pressure Standby

RUN ALL TESTS AT
Margin Pressure MAXIMUM RPM
Maximum System Pressure
MACHINE AT NORMAL
Pilot Pressure
OPERATING
Steering Circuit Pressure TEMPERATURES
Swing Circuit Pressure
CYCLE TIMES
TEST
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH AVG. SPEC
Bucket Dump
L
O Tilt Back
A Regenerative Dump
D (for parallel lift)
E Float
R Raise
Bucket Dump
Bucket Load (Curl)
Stick In
Stick Out
Swing
(Stop to Stop)
Swing
(Stop to Snubber)
E-Stick Extend
B
A E-Stick Retract
C
K Left Stabilizer Up
H
O Left Stabilizer Down
E
Right Stabilizer Up
Right Stabilizer Down
Boom Lower
Boom Pause
Boom Raise
(to snubber)
Boom Raise
(to stop)
Auxiliary 1
Auxiliary 2
2/06
416E/422E/428E Loader Lift Control Valve

F E
B D
C
F
2/06
420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E Loader Lift Control Valve

A B C
D
H
G F
H
2/06
416E/422E/428E Backhoe Boom Control Valve

A B
H C
D
G
F E
A
I
2/06
420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E Backhoe Swing Control Valve

A B C
I D
H
G F E
A
I
416E/422E/428E Loader Valve Group
2/06
Directions: Fill in the blanks next to the letters with the correct term.
STMG XXX
A
From To
From Backhoe To Backhoe Backhoe Backhoe From Backhoe
B Valve Valve Valve Valve Valve
D
Oil
A C Filter
E K
F B
To
Oil
HMU
Cooler
G
D
H
- 207 -
Pump Group
I E
J
J
K
F
G
I
H
Handout No. 22
416E/422E/428E Backhoe Valve Group
2/06
STMG XXX
E A C
B
F
D
G
H
- 208 -
E F G H I J
I
From Loader Valve
To Loader Valve Inlet Manifold
J Inlet Manifold
From Loader
Oil
Valve Inlet
Filter
Manifold
Oil
Cooler
Pump Group
Handout No. 23
420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E Loader Valve Group
2/06
STMG XXX
From Backhoe From Backhoe

A Orifice Valve
To Backhoe To Backhoe Valve
(inside Torque
Valve Valve
Control Spool)
B
A B
C L
C
K
D
To D
HMU
Oil
E Filter
To / From
Loader
Oil
F Joystick
I Cooler
E
Pump
G Group
J
H
- 209 -
Tilt Valve
To / From
Loader Joystick
I H
J
K
M
L G
M
F
To Pilot From Pilot

Manifold Manifold
Handout No. 24
420E/430E Backhoe Valve Group
2/06
STMG XXX
C
N
D
From
Loader
Valve
E To Pilot K
Manifold
A L
F
To Brake
Booster
B M
G
C D E F G H I J
H
- 210 -
To / From Left Stabilizer Joystick
From Loader Valve Inlet Manifold

To /From
O To / From From Ride Control Valve
Left Joystick Right Joystick
I
From From
Right From Left
Joystick From Joystick
Left Right
Joystick Joystick
J
To Loader Valve
Inlet Manifold Oil
Filter
K Oil
Cooler
L Pump
Group
O
Handout No. 25
432E/434E/442E/444E Backhoe Valve Group
2/06
STMG XXX
C
O
D From
Loader
Valve
E To Pilot
Manifold
K
A
F To Brake L
Booster
B M
G
C D E F G H I J
H
- 211 -
To / From
Right Joyst ick N
To All Wheel Steer (432E / 434E / 444E)
To / From
P To/From To / From From Loader Valve Inlet Manifold
Right Stabilizer Left Stabilizer Left Joyst ick From Ride
Joystick Joystick Cont rol Valve
I
From From From Left Joystick
From
Right Left Right
Joystick Joystick Joystick
J
To Loader Valve Oil
Inlet Manifold Filt er
K Oil
Cooler
L Pump
Group
P
Handout No. 26
Two Wheel Steering
2/06
STMG XXX
B
From Backhoe
From Backhoe
Valve
Valve
C From Ride
A Cont rol Valve
D
D
E To Priorit y
Valve
K B
F
E
F
G C From
Backhoe Oil
J Valve Filt er
H
- 212 -
Oil
To Cooler
I Backhoe
Valve
LS Port
J
I
Pump
Group
H
From Pilot Manifold
To Priorit y
Valve G
From Priorit y
Valve
Handout No. 27
All Wheel Steering
2/06
STMG XXX
B
From Backhoe
From Backhoe
Valve
Valve
C From Ride
A Cont rol Valve
D
D
E To Priorit y
Valve
K B
F
E
F
G C From
Backhoe Oil
J Valve Filt er
H
- 213 -
Oil
To Cooler
I Backhoe
Valve
LS Port
J
I
Pump
Group
K
H
From Pilot Manifold
To Priorit y
Valve G
From Priorit y
Valve
Handout No. 28
2/06

(FORWARD - OR - REVERSE)
420E 1600 rpm 1300 rpm
430E 1600 rpm 1200 rpm
432E 1600 rpm 1300 rpm
434E 1600 rpm 1300 rpm
442E 1600 rpm 1200 rpm
444E 1600 rpm 1200 rpm
DIRECTIONAL MODE DISABLED

(NEUTRAL)
420E 1200 rpm 1100 rpm
430E 1200 rpm 1100 rpm
432E 1200 rpm 1100 rpm
434E 1200 rpm 1100 rpm
434E 1200 rpm 1100 rpm
444E 1200 rpm 1100 rpm

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SERVXXX

GLOBAL SERVICE LEARNING

"E" SERIES BACKHOE LOADERS

STMG "Distributor-type Mechanical Fuel Pump - 3044C/3046

"Fundamentals of Engines Self Study Course" TEMV3001

Estimated Time: 16 Hours

© 2006 Caterpillar Inc.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ...........................................................................................................45

POWER TRAIN .........................................................................................................................51

416E/422E/428E IMPLEMENT HYDRAULIC SYSTEM .......................................................77

420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E IMPLEMENT HYDRAULIC SYSTEM.........................113

STEERING SYSTEM ..............................................................................................................163

HYDRAULIC SCHEMATIC COLOR CODE.........................................................................171

"E" SERIES BACKHOE LOADERS

© 2006 Caterpillar Inc.

"E" SERIES BACKHOE LOADER MACHINE SYSTEMS

Single Tilt Mechanical

Single Tilt Mechanical

The 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E machines are equipped with hydraulically assisted

SIMILARITIES WITH FORMER MACHINES

DIFFERENCES FROM FORMER MACHINES

The 420E/430E/432E/434E/442E/444E machines are now equipped with hydraulically assisted

- Air conditioning compressor (1) - Hydraulic oil cooler (5)

- Cold start temperature switch (2) - Coolant temperature sender (6)

- Oil pressure switch (4) - Transmission oil cooler (8)

Provisions for mounting a hydraulically controlled thumb is standard equipment on some

The stabilizers (2) are now externally adjustable.

Other cab features include:

- Automotive style finish

- Air Suspension seat

- Low effort machine controls

- Personal storage space

- Joystick pattern switch (pilot controlled machines)

- Continuous flow for auxiliary functions (optional)

The front of the cab includes the features described below.

Also visible is the optional AWS position indicator gauge (6).

To the left of the steering column are the following components:

- Quick coupler switch (1) (if equipped)

- Continuous loader flow switch (2)

- 12 volt auxiliary circuit switch (3) (if equipped)

- Transmission neutral switch (4)

- Broom angle control switch (5) (if equipped)

To the right of the steering column are the following components:

- Autoshift switch (1) (if equipped)

- Ride control switch (2) (if equipped)

- Roading lights switch (3) (if equipped)

- Horn switch (4) (if equipped)

- All Wheel Steer control switch (5) (if equipped)

- All Wheel Steer indicators (6) (if equipped)

- Loader joystick (1)

- Parking brake lever (2)

- Switch panel (3)

- Gauge cluster (4)

- Governor lever (5)

- Left stabilizer control lever (6)

- Right stabilizer control lever (7)

- Boom lock lever (8)

The joystick excavator pattern is:

Left joystick: Right joystick:

- Forward: Stick out - Forward: Boom lower

The joystick backhoe pattern is:

Left joystick: Right joystick:

- Forward: Boom lower - Forward: Stick in