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Sampling Equipment and Measurement

Techniques

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 Filters

 Types

 Paper

 Glass fibre

 Silver

 Plastic membrane

 PVC

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 Measurement Principles

 Dusts

 Gravimetrical Analysis
 Enables weight of sample collected to be determined.
 Weigh filter before and after

 Fibres

 Examine under microscope

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 Sampling Vapours

 Passive Personal Samplers

 Without a pump
 Gas absorbed by collecting medium

 Analysis
 Total concentration of sample allows TWA to be
calculated

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 Sampling Vapours

 Active Personal Samplers

 With a pump, worn by individual
 Liquid or solid sorbent to collect sample

 Analysis
 Total concentration of sample allows TWA to be
calculated

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 Chemical Analysis

 To determine concentrations of
contaminants

 IR Spectrometry
 For organic chemicals – methanol for example
 UV Spectrometry
 For metals in solution
 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
 Chromatography
 Gas Liquid Ch.

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 Tyndall Beam

 Very fine dust

 not normally visible to naked eye
 Beam shows where dust is and where it is escaping
from
 Visual indicator – does not measure

 E.g.
 Dust from LEV for removing hardwood dust will show
up in beam

 First step to assess problem

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 Combustible Gas Indicator

 CGI

 To monitor combustible gases and vapours

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 Flame Ionisation Detector

 FID

 To monitor organic gases and vapours

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Gamma Radiation Survey Instrument

 To monitor gamma radiation

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Portable Infra Red Spectro-photometer

 To monitor most gases and vapours

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 UV Photo-ionisation Detector

 PID

 To monitor many organic and some inorganic gases

and vapours

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 Oxygen Meter

 To monitor oxygen

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 Stain Tube Detectors

 (Colourmetric)

 Colour change detector.

 Chemical reagents – react in presence of target
contaminant
 Paper or glass
 Passive or pump
 Intensity of colour change = related to concentration
of the substance

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