Post-colonial literature[edit]

The post-colonial literature in the Philippines is created by a well-known artist Jireh Alexis Guevarra.
The first covered a literary period typified by experimentation with a new language, particularly the
forms and imagery that are offered by English and American literature.[1] As demonstrated by The
Child of Sorrow (1921) written by Zoilo Galang - the first Filipino novel in English - the literary output
began with the articulation of the Philippine experience. The early writings in English were
characterized by melodrama, unreal language, and unsubtle emphasis on local color.[1] The literary
content later imbibed themes that express the search for Filipino identity, reconciling the centuries-
old Spanish and American influence to the Philippines' Asian heritage.[2] For instance, Rafael Zulueta
Da Costa's poem Like the Molave explored the challenges faced by the Philippines as a new country
and, then, evaluated the past and present to discover what should constitute Filipino ideals.[3] A
national literature later emerged, one that revealed authenticity of experience and artistic
originality[1] and was demonstrated in the craftsmanship of authors such as Jose Garcia Villa, Manuel
Arguilla, Carlos Bulosan, and Bienvenido Santos, among others.

Philippine literature is the literature associated with the Philippines and includes the
legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines. Pre-
Hispanic Philippine literature were actually epics passed on from generation to
generation originally through oral tradition.Feb 25, 2016
Korean literature is the body of literature produced by Koreans, mostly in the Korean language and
sometimes in Classical Chinese. For much of Korea's 1,500 years of literary history, it was written
in Hanja. It is commonly divided into classical and modern periods, although this distinction is
sometimes unclear. Korea is home to the world's first metal and copper type, the world's earliest
known printed document and the world's first featural script

Classical poetry[edit]
Classical Korean literature has its roots in traditional folk beliefs and folk tales of the Korean
peninsula. There are four major traditional poetic forms: hyangga ("native songs"); pyolgok ("special
songs"), or changga ("long poems"); sijo ("current melodies"); and kasa ("verses"). Other poetic
forms that flourished briefly include the kyonggi-style, in the 14th and 15th centuries, and the
akchang ("words for songs") in the 15th century. The most representative akchang is Yongbi och'on
ka (1445–47; Songs of Flying Dragons), a cycle compiled in praise of the founding of the Yi dynasty.
Korean poetry originally was meant to be sung, and its forms and styles reflect its melodic origins.
The basis of its prosody is a line of alternating groups of three or four syllables, which is probably the
most natural rhythm to the language.

Hyangga[edit]
See also: Hyangga

Hyangga (hangul: 향가, hanja: 鄕 歌) was written in Korean using modified hanja in a system that is
called idu (hangul: 이두, hanja: 吏 讀), literally "clerk's writings." Specifically, the variety of idu used
to write hyangga was sometimes called "hyangchal". Idu was a system using hanja characters to
express Korean. The key to the system was to use some hanja characters for their intended
purpose, their meaning, and others for their pronunciation, ignoring their pictographic meaning. On
the surface, it appears to be a complicated, even incomprehensible system, but after using the
system one becomes comfortable with certain characters consistently standing for Korean words.

Goryeo songs[edit]
The Goryeo period was marked by a growing use of hanja characters. Hyangga largely disappeared
as a form of Korean literature, and "Goryeo gayo" (hangul: 고려가요, literally "Goryeo songs")
became more popular. Most of the Goryeo songs were transmitted orally and many survived into
the Joseon period, when some of them were written down using hangul.

Modern Korean literature gradually developed under the influence of Western cultural contacts
based on trade and economic development.[2] The first printed work of fiction in Korean was John
Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress (in Korean: 천로역정 Cheonno-yeokjeong), translated by James Scarth
Gale (1893).
Christian religion found its way into Korea, culminating in the first complete edition of the Bible in
Korean published in 1910. However, it was mostly Western aesthetic schools that influenced Korean
literature. Music and classical poetry, formerly considered one as part of changgok, were
increasingly perceived as old-fashioned and out of date