Quiz on Context Clues

Directions: In each sentence find a synonym for the underlined word.

1. The Sears Building in Chicago is now the world's tallest edifice.

2. He surreptitiously packed his clothing and secretly slipped away; his absence was not noticed for
nearly two days.
3. She was admired for her impeccable manners as well as her faultless taste in clothing.
4. It is one thing to have influence in high places, but quite another to have prestige in places of
power
as well as with common people.
5. The offspring of one insect can number in the thousands, but most insects' progeny do not survive
long.
6. It is important for a speaker to establish good rapport with the audience, because the speaker and
the audience will enjoy the experience more if a warm relationship has been developed.

Directions: Guess the meaning of the underlined words. Use context clues.

1. Phil started the long-distance race full of strength, but after about eight miles he was enervated by
the hot sun and had to drop out.
2. Both of them stood trial, but one was found guilty and sent to prison while the other was acquitted.
3. It was the woman's grim responsibility to decide if her husband's body should be cremated or
interred.
4. Alex was making so little money selling encyclopedias from door to door that he decided to search
for more lucrative employment.
5. It is easier to present a speech for which one is completely prepared than to give a speech
extemporaneously.
6. The brothers’ reactions to having stolen the car were quite different - one was contrite while the
other was not sorry in the least.
7. Ben's automobile caught fire upon impact, but fortunately he was able to extricate himself from it
before it exploded.
8. Maybe I'm foolish, but I was so incensed that Fred didn't invite me to his part that I haven't spoken
to him in a month.
9. We drove out of our way to traverse the river by ferry rather than by bridge.
10. The treasurer was put under close observation, as it was suspected she had plans to abscond
with
the company's funds.
11. She so coveted youth and beauty that she went to Switzerland and had her face lifted.
12. One overhead expense of all large offices is the cost of pencils, paper, and pens that are pilfered
by
employees for their personal use.
13. Even though our football players had lost six games in a row, we admired them because their
losses
did not deter them from playing their very best.
14. It is the job of parents to attempt to inculcate the values of society in their children so that they
will understand what kind of behavior will be expected of them in life.
1. Chloe needs to tilt in order to pass the small hole in the cave.
2. The dealers of illegal drugs were captured by the police.
3. Luis and Angel rekindled their relationship but still, it wasn’t successful.
4. We enjoyed the movie from beginning to the end.
5. Half of our money was spent on the hotel and accommodation during our seminar in Cebu.
6. There are a lot of occasions every December-- reunions, homecomings, parties.
7. All the green-and-gold tiles of the temple are vibrating; the wooden goldfish above them are
writhing against the sky
8. Sue’s boss was a callous man. He did not react to her tears and apologies.
9. The mallet is lifted to smash the old wall.
10. The construction worker smites the mallet to the wall so that they can reconstruct it.

Cohesive Devices

Discussion:

Coherence refers to the linking of ideas in a logical sequence or order. Cohesion refers to the organization of sentences
and ideas in your essay working together as a whole within their paragraphs. They hold together by cohesive devices
(transitional words and expressions). We use cohesive devices to link sentences, paragraphs or any pieces of text. In
other words, cohesive devices make our content coherent.
This makes it very easy for the reader to follow your presentation of information in the essay. They don’t get lost or
confused. Did you write in clear paragraphs that are organized around central ideas? It’s like listening to a story that’s
smooth and easy to follow.
Examples:
Pres. Duterte is the best president so far, because of his great contributions to our war against drugs. In addition to
that, he had also named and caught a number of drug dealers and drug manufacturers.

Khiara is a good makeup artist; however, I don’t like her to put it in her face.

Cinderella has been my favorite Disney character since kindergarten. In fact, I even painted her in the walls of my room.

Here are some useful transitional/linking words and phrases to use to show the different relationships between your
ideas and sentences:
Note: Overusing cohesive devices or not using them enough might affect the reader negatively.

ADDITION:
also, again, in addition, additionally, furthermore, further, moreover, as well as, what’s more, besides this/that,

Both/not only proteins and/but also vitamins are essential for small children.
The film was neither well made nor well-performed.
I can play the piano apart from the guitar.

CONTRAST (show two things are different):

on the other hand, however, despite this, conversely, in contrast, on the contrary, although, while, though, compared
with, in comparison with, rather, whereas, but, instead of, in spite of, still, nevertheless, regardless, otherwise

Although he's very smart, he cannot pass his English class.

No matter how smart you are, you shouldn't underestimate your opponents.
He's very smart, he doesn't respect his friends though.
Regardless of age, anybody can ride this ride.

COMPARE (show two things are similar/alike):

likewise, similarly, also, in the same way, in comparison to
I can speak Spanish; similarly, my brother can speak Spanish.

SEQUENCE:
first, second (etc.), to begin with, initially, at first, then, next, from there, and then, following this, finally, lastly

I loved England a lot. First I loved its museums. Secondly, I loved its people. Finally I loved its tourist attractions.
EXAMPLES:
for example, for instance, a good example of this is, such as, to illustrate, in particular, particularly, namely, specifically

I like small pets such as cats and birds.

CONSEQUENCE:
therefore, as a result, thus, so, consequently, admittedly, so that, depending on

I was advised to get my statement of account, therefore, I went to the bank.

EMPHASIS/CERTAINTY:
indeed, certainly, in fact, of course, undoubtedly, plainly, obviously
*It is indeed, a great performance.
CONDITION:
if. . . then, unless, whether, provided that,

I will go to the party if my friends will be there.

SUMMARY:
in summary, in conclusion, overall, in short, in brief, to sum up, in other words, all in all, to put it differently, to
summarize, on the whole,

* There are only few people outside every morning. In short, people don't like getting up early and go outside.

REASON:
because, since, as, so, due to, owing to, the reason why
*There are only few students today due to the heavy rain.

CONCESSION (accepting/acknowledging something is true):

granted, naturally, of course

It was very hot last summer. Naturally, It will rain hard this rainy season.

Direction: Join the two sentences to make ONE sentence, using AND, SO, BECAUSE, BUT
or OR.
1. I could not go out last night _____ I was too busy.
2. I could not go with my friend _____he went without me.
3. My friend went to the cinema to see a film_____ the film wasn't very good.
4. The cinema was full of people ______ they were all smoking.
5.I like people _____ I don't like smoke.
6. Do you want an orange juice ______ a beer?
7. It was my birthday _____ he didn't send me a card.
8. I didn't write to him ______ he didn't write to me.

Direction: Complete the short story below with appropriate cohesive devices.

Mary could not go out with me ____ I invited Anne instead. Anne was very happy to accept my
invitation ______ the film was very popular. Anne and I had a good time ______ next day Mary was
very angry. "Do you love me ______ do you love Anne?" she asked me. "I like both you ______
Anne," I answered. "Look!" said Mary. "Either you go out with me _____you go out with Anne. You
can't love both me a _____ Anne at the same time." "Why not?" I answered. “______ it's not fair." I
asked Mary if she would go out with me tonight ______ she said that she had a new boyfriend _____
didn't want to see me again ______ I didn't really love her. I phoned Anne ______ she said she was
busy and now I'm alone.
Parallelism
 What is parallelism?

Sentence elements that are alike in function should also be alike in construction. The balance between two or
more similar words, phrases or clauses is called parallelism in grammar. Parallelism is also called parallel
structure or parallel construction. Parallel construction prevents awkwardness, promotes clarity and improves
writing style and readability. These elements should be in the same grammatical form so that they are parallel.
It appears on all forms of writing like on table of contents, on topic sentences of related paragraphs, on series
within a sentence, on lists, etc. Using parallel structure in your writing will help you with economy, clarity,
equality, and delight.

Here are some examples of parallel elements:

These elements, on the other hand, are not parallel or called faulty parallelism

Examples:

 Nancy likes playing the piano, the trumpet and play the guitar.
Nancy likes the piano, the trumpet and the guitar.
Nancy likes playing the piano, the trumpet and the guitar.
 She played basketball, had a shower and gone to school.
She played basketball, had a shower and went to school.

Rules of parallelism

1. Parallelism is used to balance nouns with nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositional phrases with
prepositional phrases, participles with participles, infinitives with infinitives, clauses with clauses.
a. Nouns: Father eats fish and chicken. Sarah writes stories and poetries.
b. Verbs: Our neighbors have moved and (have) sold their house.
My brother walks or rides her bike to work.
c. Adjectives: The class is not only kind but also helpful.
Brenda is not only pretty but also intelligent.
d. Adverbs: Abraham drives his car quickly and aggressively.
They hired carpenters who work carefully and effectively.
2. The -ing form of the verb (gerund)
My mother likes cooking and to read.
My mother likes cooking and reading
3. Parallelism is used with elements in lists or in a series.
This task can be done individually, in pairs, or can be done in groups of four.
This task can be done individually, in pairs, or in groups of four.
4. Parallelism is used with elements being compared.
 She is mad about watching TV more than to read a book .
She is mad about watching TV more than reading a book.
5. Parallelism is used in phrases:
a. Noun Phrase: A restless sleep is an important as regular exercise.
Fresh fruits are as nutritious as green, leafy vegetables.
b. Verb Phrases: As soon as I arrived home, I took my bicycle and went for
a ride.
Before Bernard takes a bath, he usually cleans his ears and
massages his face.
c. Adverbial Phrases: They will undoubtedly be done in less than an hour and
in time for the deadline.
The group meets at night and on weekends.
d. Gerund Phrases: Ian enjoys playing basketball and playing piano.
The girls loved reading books and watching movies.
e. Infinitive phrases: Manny likes to swim at night and (to) jog in the morning. Or
The children worked hard to fulfill their dreams and (to)
help their parents.
6. Examples of parallel clauses.

7. Use parallel structure with elements in lists or in a series.

A series is a group of three or more elements in a row. The last element in the series is connected
to the others with one of these coordinating conjunctions: and, or, but (not), or yet (not).

Commas should be placed between each element in the series and before the coordinating
conjunction.
 As the examples below show, a series whose components are not in parallel format sounds
awkward and may cause misunderstanding.

8. Use parallel structure with elements being compared. (X is more than / better than Y)

When we compare things, we often use words such as more, less, better, and worse, We
connect the items being compared with words like as and than.

Note the comparison methods in the examples below.

Comparing items without using parallel structure may cause confusion about what is being
compared to what.

Repair faulty parallelism in comparisons by making one element of the comparison parallel to
the other.
9. Use parallel structure with elements joined by a linking verb or a verb of being.

Joining elements with linking verbs or verbs of being suggests a completing of the first item by
the second one. Often, in fact, an equality between the two is being set up, as the examples below
illustrate.

Repair faulty parallelism with linking verbs or verbs of being by making one element of the equation
parallel to the other.

10. Use parallel structure with elements joined by a correlative conjunction.

These are the major correlative conjunctions:

either / or neither / nor both / and not only / but also

Correlative conjunctions work in pairs.

A. Fill in the blanks with correct word/s observing parallelism.
1. My English teacher is not only _________________ but also _____________.
2. I seldom eat ________________ and _________________.
3. Celine wants to go shopping or _____________________.
4. Because Leo is hardworking, ______________, and __________, he tops the class.
5. Marie drives the car carefully and __________________.

B. Compare the two versions of each sentence. Underline the statement which observes parallelism.
1. a. I admire people with strong convictions and who think for themselves.
b. I admire people who have strong convictions and who think for themselves.
2. a. He either likes you or loved you.
b . He either likes you or loves you.
3. a. Some people would rather give you orders than taking them.
b. Some people would rather give orders than take them.
4. a. His writings reveals not only intelligence but also humor.
b. His writing reveals not only intelligence but also it is humorous.
5. a. Reymart was happy to win the tournament, but he was surprised.
b. Reymart was happy to win the tournament, and he also felt surprised.

C. Correct the following faulty parallelism.

1. I advise you to sleep early, eat healthy food and to exercise regularly.
2. I hate washing the linen by hand and to cook.
3. I consider your behavior rude, irresponsible, and it is offensive.
4. She decided to forget about her ex-boyfriend, start a new relationship and to work hard on her project.
5. To apply to this job, someone must have a university degree in linguistics, and having five years experience as an
interpreter.