Productattachments Files CH 1 Functions Limits Continuity Sequences and Series

Solutions to Exercises
Chapter 1
SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Let =
f ( x) log10 (3x 2 − 4 x + 5) where x is real. Then, the domain and range of f are, respectively
(A)  − {0} and  + (B)  and [log10 (11 / 3), + ∞)
(C)  − {0,1} and [log10 (13 / 3), + ∞) (D)  and  +
Solution
• Domain: We have
3x 2 − 4 x + 5 > 0
Discriminant is D = (4)2 − [(4)(3)(5)] = − 44, from which it is clear that D < 0. Therefore,
3x 2 − 4 x + 5 > 0 ∀ x
So, the domain is
(−∞, ∞) = 
• Range: The graph of curve y = 3x − 4x + 5 is an upward parabola whose vertex is
2
 −b 4ac − b 2   2 11 
 2a , 4a  =  3 , 3 
 
So,
11
≤ 3x 2 − 4 x + 5 < ∞
3
 11
log10   ≤ log10 (3x 2 − 4 x + 5) < ∞
 3
Therefore, the range is
  11  
log10  3  , + ∞ 
   
Answer: (B)
x−2
2. Let f ( x) = . Then the range of f is
x − 2x + 3
2
 1 1   1 1 
(A)  − ,  (B)  −  ,
 2 2  3 3
 3 −1   ( 3 + 1) 3 −1 
(C) 0,  (D)  − , 
 4   4 4 
Solution
It is given that
x−2
y=
x − 2x + 3
2
Therefore,
Solution Manual for Mathematics For JEE (Main & Advanced), Calculus, Vol 3,
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dy ( x 2 − 2 x + 3) − ( x − 2) (2 x − 2) − x2 + 4 x − 1
= =
dx ( x 2 − 2 x + 3) 2 ( x 2 − 2 x + 3) 2
dy
When = 0 , we have
dx
x2 – 4 x + 1 = 0
⇒ x =2± 3
Therefore, ymin (at x= 2 − 3 ) is
2− 3−2 −( 3 + 1)
=ymin =
7−4 3 −4+2 3+2 4
and ymax (at x =−2 + 3 ) is
2+ 3−2 3 −1
=ymax =
7+4 3−4−2 3+3 4
 −( 3 + 1) 3 − 1 
 , 
 4 4 
Answer: (D)
x + x+2
2
3. The range of f ( x) = is
x2 + x +1
(A) [1, ∞) (B) [−1, ∞)
(C) [1, 7 / 5) (D) (1, 7 / 3]
Solution
We have
x2 + x + 2
y=
x2 + x + 1
1
= 1+ 2
x + x +1
1
= 1+
[ x + (1 / 2)]2 + (3 / 4)
Therefore,
1 7
ymax =1+ = ;
0 + (3 / 4) 3
1
ymin =1 + =1
∞
 7
1, 3 
 
Answer: (D)
4. The domain and range of f=
( x) log( x + 6 x + 10) are, respectively
2
(A)  and [0, ∞) (B)  + and [0,1]
(C)  and  − {0} (D)  + and  + − {1}
Solution
We have
f=
( x) log x 2 + 6 x + 10
= log ( x + 3) 2 + 1
Hence, it is clear that the domain is . Therefore,

f=
min log 0=
+1 0
f max = log ∞ + 1 = ∞
Therefore, the range is [0, ∞).
Answer: (A)
log 2 ( x + 3)
5. The domain of the function f ( x) = is
x 2 + 3x + 2
(A)  − {−1, − 2}
(B) (− 2, ∞)
(C)  − {−1, − 2, − 3}
(D) (−3, ∞) − {−1, − 2}
Solution
We have
log 2 ( x + 3)
f ( x) =
x 2 + 3x + 2
Therefore, from the definition of domain, we write
x + 3 > 0 and x 2 + 3x + 2 ≠ 0
x > −3 and ( x + 1)( x + 2) ≠ 0 ( x ≠ −1, −2)
Hence, the domain is
(−3, ∞) − {−1, −2}

Answer: (D)
6. Let
9x
f ( x) = , x∈
9x + 3
and
2010
 k 
∑ f =n
 2011 
k =1
 x −1 
n
Then lim   is equal to
x →1 x −1 
 
(A) 2010 (B) 1004
(C) 1005 (D) 1006
Solution
We have
9x
f ( x) =
9x + 3
91− x 3
f (1 −
= x) 1− x
=
9 + 3 3 + 9x
⇒ f ( x) + f (1 − x) =
1 (1)
We also have
 k 
2010
∑ F  2011 = n
k =1
from which it can be written as
 1   2   3   2009   2010 
= n f + f  + f   + + + f  + f  
 2011   2011   2011   2011   2011 
From Eq. (1), we have
  1   2010  
 f  2011  + f  =1
    2011  
and
  2   2009  
 f  2011  + f  2011   =1
    
and so on. This implies that n = 1005 and hence
xn − 1 x1005 − 1
lim = lim = 1005
x →1 x − 1 x →1 x − 1
Answer: (C)
5 x 2 −18. If n = p(4), then

7. Let p( x) be a polynomial satisfying the relation p( x) + p(2 x) =
 x n −1 
lim  =
x →1 x −1 
 
(A) 6 (B) 7
(C) 8 (D) 9
Solution
We have
p ( x) + p (2 x) =( x) 2 + (2 x) 2 –18
Hence, p ( x) = x 2 – 9 . If n = p(4), then

p (4)= (4) 2 – 9= 7= n
Therefore,
xn − 1
lim = n= 7
x →1 x −1
Answer: (B)
8. Let A be the set of all non-negative integer and for real number t , [t ] denotes the greatest integer not
exceeding t. Define f : A→  by
0 if x = 0

f ( x) =    x   (log10 x )  x  
  x −10  10   10 + f    if x > 0
    10  
 x a −1 
If a = f (7752), then lim   is
x →1 x −1 
 
(A) 2577 (B) 7572
(C) 7275 (D) 2757
Solution
We can write that

f (7752) =
(7752 − 7750)103 + f (775)
⇒ f (7752) =2000 + f (775) (1)
f (775) =
(775 − 770)102 + f (77)
⇒ f (775) = 500 + F (77) (2)
f (77) =
(77 − 70)101 + f (7)
⇒ f (77) =+70 f (7) (3)
f (7) =−
(7 0)100 + f (0)
⇒ f (7) = 7 (4)
Therefore, from Eqs. (1)–(4), we have
f (7752) = 2577
Hence,
 x9 − 1   x 2577 − 1 
lim   = lim   = 2577
x →1 x − 1
  x →1  x − 1 
Answer: (A)
9. Let f be a real-valued function satisfying the relation
1
f ( x) + 2 f   =3x for all real x ≠ 0
 x
If n is the number of real solutions of the equation f ( x=) f (− x), then
 x n − 2n 
lim   =
x→2
 x−2 
(A) 4 (B) 6
(C) 8 (D) 16
Solution
We have
 1
f ( x) + 2 f   =3x (1)
 x
1
Substituting x = in Eq. (1), we have
x
 1 3
f   + 2 f ( x) =
+ (2)
 x x
Eq. (1) − [2 × Eq. (2)] implies that
6
−3 f ( x) =
3x −
x
2
f ( x) =− x +
x
Now f(x) = f(–x)
2 2
−x + = x−
x x
4
2x =
x
x =2 ⇒ x =± 2
2
Total number of solutions is 2. Now,

 x n − 2n 
lim  = (2) n −1 2(2)
 n= = 2 −1
4
x→2
 x − 2 
Answer: (A)
1
10. The range of the function f ( x) = is
4 + 3cos x
 1 1
(A) [0,1] (B)  , 
 7 2
 1 
(C)  ,1 (D) [1, 7]
 7 
Solution
We have
1
f ( x) =
4 + 3cos x
Therefore, cos (x) = ± 1, that is,
−1 ≤ cos x ≤ 1
1 ≤ 3cos x + 4 ≤ 7
1 1
≤ ≤1
7 3cos x + 4
1 1
≤ ≤1
7 3cos x + 4

 1 
 , 1
 7 
Answer: (C)
11. If [t ] denotes the greatest integer not exceeding t , then the range of the function sin − 1  + x 2  is
1
2 
 π
(A) [0.1] (B) 0, 
 2
 π π π π π 
(C) 0, ,  (D)  , , 
 4 2 4 3 2
Solution
Since
1 1
x2 + ≥
2 2
 1
from sin −1  x 2 +  , we take
 2
1 1  1
≤ x2 + < 2 ⇒  x2 +  =
0,1
2 2  2
 π
0, 
 2
Answer: (B)
12. Let
 1
1 − x if x ≠ 1

=
f ( x) = 0 if x 0
1 if x =1


g ( x) = (f  f  f )( x)
Then lim g ( x) is equal to
x →1
(A) 4 (B) 3
(C) does not exist (D) 1
Solution
Case 1: If x = 0 and f(x) = 0, we have
=g ( x) f=
 f  f ( x) 0
Case 2: If x = 1 and f(x) = 1, we have
= g ( x) f=
 f  f ( x) 1
1
Case 3: If x ≠ 0,1and f ( x) = , we have
1− x
x −1
f  f ( x) = ;
x
f  f  f ( x) = f [ f  f ( x)]
=x
This implies that
 x, x ≠ 0,1

=
g ( x) =0, x 0
1, x = 1

Therefore,
lim f ( x=
) lim(1 + h=
) 1
x →1+ 0 h →0
lim f ( x=
) lim(1 − h=
) 1
x →1− 0 h →0
Answer: (D)
13. Let
sin x if x ≠ nπ , n = 0, ± 1, ± 2,…
f ( x) = 
2 if x = nπ
and
 x 2 + 1 if x ≠ 2
g ( x) = 
 3 if x = 2
Then lim( g  f )( x) is
x →0
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 3 (D) does not exist
Solution
1 + sin 2 x, x ≠ nπ
g  f ( x) = 
3, x = nπ
Therefore,
lim g  f ( x) =lim1 + sin 2 h =1
x →0 + 0 h →0
lim g  f ( x) =lim1 + sin 2 h =1

x →0 − 0 h →0
which imply that
lim g  f ( x) = 1
x →0
Answer: (B)
14. Let f ( x)= 2 x 4 − x 2 + x − 5. Then lim f ( x) is

x →−∞
(A) + ∞ (B) − ∞
(C) 2 (D) 0
Solution
We have
f ( x)= 2 x 4 − x 2 + x − 5
 1 1 5 
= x4  2 − 2 + 3 − 4 
 x x x 
Therefore,
 1 1 5 
lim =f ( x) lim x 4  2 − 2 + 3 − 4 
x →∞ x →∞  x x x 
= ∞
Answer: (A)
15. For real x, let (x) denote the fractional part of x. Then
x sin[( x)]
lim =
x →1 x −1
(A) 0 (B) –1
Solution
x sin[( x)]
f ( x) =
x −1
Therefore,
(1 − h)sin(1 − h)
lim f ( x) = lim
x →1− 0 h →0 1−h−1
(1 − h)sin(1 − h)
= lim
h →0 −h
= −∞
and
(1 + h)sin(1 + h)
lim f ( x) = lim
x →1+ 0 h →0 1+h−1
(1 + h) sin(1 + h − 1)
= lim
h →0 h
sin h
= lim(1 + h) =1
h →0 h
Therefore, lim f ( x) does not exist.
x →1
Answer: (C)
 3 x3 + 1 
16. lim  =
x →−∞  
 x −x
4 2

(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) ∞ (D) −∞
Solution
 1 
x3 + 3 
3x + 1
3
lim = lim  x  = −∞
x →−∞ x →−∞
x −x
4 2 1
1− 2
x
Answer: (D)
 x2 + 5 − 3 
17. lim  =
x→2  x 2 − 2 x 
 
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/3

(C) 2 (D) 3
Solution
 x 2 + 5 − 3  x 2 + 5 + 3  ( x 2 + 5 − 9)
lim    = lim
x→2   2  x → 2 ( x 2 − 2 x)( x 2 + 5 + 3)
 x − 2 x  x + 5 + 3 
2
( x − 2 )( x + 2)
= lim
x( x − 2 )( x 2 + 5 + 3)
x→2
2+2 1
= =
2( 4 + 5 + 3) 3
Answer: (B)
18. Let f (=
x) 3x − x. Then
2
 f ( x + h) − f ( x ) 
lim
h →0  =
 h 
(A) 3x − 1 (B) 6x − 1
(C) 9x − 1 (D) 6x
Solution
 f ( x + h) − f ( x )  3( x + h) 2 − ( x + h) − 3x 2 + x
lim  = lim
 h →0
h →0  h  h
6 xh + 3h 2 − h
= lim
h →0 h
= 6x − 1
Answer: (B)
 x 4 + 100 x 2 
19. lim  6  =
x →∞
 x + 2x 
(A) 0 (B) −∞
(C) ∞ (D) 50
Solution
 100   100 
x 4 1 + 2  1+ 2 

lim 
x  1 x 1
== lim 2   = =0
 2  1 + 2  ∞
x →∞ x →∞ x
x 6 1 + 5 
 x   x5 
Answer: (A)
20. Let f ( x) = 17 x −19 x −1. Let P and Q be the following statements.
7 5
P : f is continuous for all real x.

Q : f ( x) = 0 has a solution in the interval (−1,0).
Then
(A) both P and Q are true (B) P is true whereas Q is false
(C) P is false and Q is true (D) both P and Q are false
Solution
Since polynomial functions are continuous for all real values of x, then statement P is true.
Also since f (0) = −1

f (0 − 1) =−17 + 19 − 1 =1
f ( x) f (−1) < 0
Therefore, f(x) = 0 has a solution in (–1, 0); then Statement Q is also true.
Answer: (A)
21. Let f :  →  be defined by
2 if x <1
f ( x) = 
5 if x ≥1
Consider the following two statements S1 and S2 .
S1 : f is continuous on the closed interval [0, 2].
S2 : f assumes the value 4 in [0, 2].
Then
(A) both S1 and S2 are true
(B) S1 is false and S2 is true
(C) S1 is true and S2 is false
(D) both S1 and S2 are false
Solution
From the following graph, it is clear that f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1; therefore, statement S1 is false.
Now, the range is {2, 5}, then f(x) is not considering the value 4; therefore, statement S2 is also false.
Answer: (D)
22. Consider the following two functions defined on the closed interval [0,1] :
2x + 3 x2 + 4
=f ( x) = ; g ( x) 2
2x − 5 x −4
Then
(A) both f and g are continuous
(B) f is continuous whereas g is not continuous
(C) f is not continuous whereas g is continuous
(D) both f and g are not continuous
Solution
f (x) is continuous at all real values of x except x = 5/2

g (x) is continuous at all values of x except x = ±2.
Answer: (A)
23. Consider the function f (x) = 25 − x 2 on the interval [ − 5, 0].

(A) f is continuous on [–5,0] and f ( x) = 7 for some x∈(− 5, 0)
(B) f is continuous on [–5,0] and f ( x) ≠ 7 for any x∈[− 5, 0]
(C) f is not continuous on [–5,0]
(D) f(x) = 7 for some x∈[0,5]
Solution
From f =
( x) 25 − x 2 and the following graph, we have the domain as [–5, 5] and the range as [0, 5].
Answer: (A)
2 x +1 − 3
24. lim =
x→4 x−2 − 2
2 2 2
(A) (B)
3 3
4 2
(C) (D)
3 3
Solution
( 2 x + 1 − 3) ( x − 2 + 2) (2 x + 1)( x − 2) − 3 x − 2 + 4 x + 2 − 3 2
lim = lim
x→4
( x − 2 − 2) ( x + 2 + 2) x→4 ( x − 2 − 2)
(2 x + 1 − 9)( x − 2 + 2)
= lim
x→4
( x − 4)( 2 x + 1 + 3)
2( x − 2 + 2) 4 2 2 2
= lim = =
x→4
( 2 x + 1 + 3) 6 3
Answer: (B)
x (1/ m ) − a (1/ m )
25. lim =
x→a x−a
m
a
(A) (B) m a1/ m
ma
(C) m a (1− m) / m (D) m a ( m −1) / m
Solution
( x)1/m − (a)1/m 1
lim = ⋅ ( x)1/m −1
x→a x−a m
1 (a )1/ m m a
=⋅ =
m a ma
Answer: (A)
αx βx
e −e
26. lim =
x →0 sin α x − sin β x
α −β
(A)
α +β
(B) 0
(C) 1
α +β
(D)
α −β
Solution
eα x − e β x
lim
x →0 sin α x − sin β x
e β x [e(α − β ) x − 1]
= lim
x →0 sin α x sin β x
αx −βx
αx βx
e β x [e(α − β ) x − 1] (α − β ) x
= lim
x →0 (α − β ) x sin α x sin β x
αx −βx
αx βx
= (1)(1)(1)
=1
Answer: (C)
27. The number of points of discontinuity of the function tan (1/ x) in the interval [0,100] is
(A) 100 (B) 101
(C) 50 (D) 51
Solution
1 1
At [0, 4], tan   is discontinuous at x = 0, 1, 3; similarly at [4, 8], tan   is discontinuous at x = 5, 7.
 x  x
1 100
Hence, at [0, 100], tan   discontinuous at 1 + = 51.
 
x 2
Answer: (D)
28. The number of points of discontinuities of
1 + 21/ x if x ≠ 0
f ( x) = 
0 if x = 0
is
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) infinite
Solution
We have
( x) lim1 + 2−1/ h
lim f=
x →0 − 0 h →0
=1 + 0 =1
lim f=
( x) lim1 + 21/ h
x →0 + 0 h →0
= 1+ ∞ = ∞
f (0) = 0
It is clear that f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.

1
However, if x ≠ 0, is a continuous function and hence 1 + 21/ x is also a continuous function.
x
Therefore, the number of points of discontinuity is only one.
Answer: (B)
 1 − 2 cos x 
29. lim  =
x→
π
 sin[ x − (π / 3)] 
3
1
(A) (B) 1
3
1
(C) 3 (D)
3
π
Solution Substituting x= + h, we get
3
π 
=
lim f ( x) lim f  + h 
π h → 0  3 
x→
3
π 
1 − 2 cos  + h 
= lim 3 
h →0 sin h
1 3 
1 − 2  cos h − sin h 
= lim 2 2 
h →0 sin h
1 − cos h 3 sin h
= lim +
h →0 sin h sin h
sin 2 h
= lim + 3
h →0 sin h (1 + cos h)
=0 + 3 = 3
Answer: (C)
2
30. lim(1 + 3 tan 2 x)cot x
=
x →0
2
(A) e (B) e3
(C) e–3 (D) 1
Solution
3
 cot 2 x 
2  3  3 
lim(1 + 3 tan 2 x)cot x
= lim 1 + 2   =
e3
x →0 x →0  cot x 
 
Answer: (B)
n+5
 1
31. lim 1 +  =
n →∞  n
(A) e (B) e5
(C) 1 (D) +∞
Solution
 5
n+5 n 1+ 
 1  1  n
lim 1 +  = lim 1 + 
n →∞
 n n →∞
 n
Answer: (A)
32. If lim ( x − x + 1 − ax − b) =
2
0 then
x→ − ∞
1 1
(A) =
a 1,=
b (B) a = 1, b = −
2 2
1 1
(C)=a =,b 1 (D) a =
−1, b =
2 2
Solution
We have
lim ( x 2 − x + 1 − ax − b) =0
x →−∞
That is,
 x 2 − x + 1 − (ax + b)   x 2 − x + 1 + (ax + b) 
lim   =0
x →−∞
 x 2 − x + 1 + (ax + b)   1 
 
 2 
 x − x + 1 − (ax + b) 
2
lim =0
x →−∞   
1 1
 x 1− + 2 + a +  b
  x x x  
(1 − a 2 ) x 2 − (1 + 2ab) x + (1 − b 2 )
lim =0
x →∞
x( 1 − 0 + 0 + a + 0)
1
which is possible only when 1 − a2 = 0, that is a = 1 and 1 + 2ab = 0, that is, b = −
2
Answer: (B)
33. If x ≠ (π / 2) + nπ , then lim (sin 2 n x) is equal to
n →∞
(A) 1
(B) 0
(C) ∞
(D) does not exist
Solution
We have
lim (sin 2 n x) = 0
n →∞
π
We know that −1 ≤ sin (x) ≤ 1. For x ≠ + nπ , we get sin (x) ≠ ±1. Hence, we have sin (x) < 1.
2
2
Answer: (B)
2n
34. Let f ( x) =+
(1 x) (1 + x ) (1 + x ) (1 + x ) where | x | <1, the lim f ( x) is
2 4
n →∞
1 1
(A) (B)
1− x 1+ x
x x
(C) (D)
1− x 1+ x
Solution
We know that (a)∞, where a < 1 = 0. Therefore,

1(1 − x)(1 + x)(1 + x 2 )
=f ( x)  (1 + x 2 n )
(1 − x)
(1 − x 2 )(1 + x 2 )(1 + x 4 )
=  (1 + x 2 n )
(1 − x)
(1 − x 4 n )
=
(1 − x)
Therefore,
 1 − x4n  1 − 0 1
lim f=
( x) lim  =  =
n →∞ n →∞
 1− x  1− x 1− x
Answer: (A)
35. Let
  1 1
− + 
 |x| x 
f ( x) = ( x + 1) 2  if x ≠ 0
0
 if x = 0
Then, the number of points of discontinuities of f in the interval [− 2, 2] is
(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) 2 (D) infinite
Solution
We have
 x + 1, x<0
 −2

f ( x) =
( x + 1)2 x , x > 0
0, x=0


If x < 0, f(x) be a polynomial which is continuous.
If x > 0, f(x) is the product of a polynomial and the exponential function is also continuous.
Now, let us check the continuity at x = 0:
lim f (=
x) lm (0 − h +=
1) 1
x →0 − 0 h →0
−2
lim f ( x) = lim(h + 1)2 h = 0
x →0 + 0 h →0
f (0) = 0
From the above, it is clear that LHL ≠ RHL. So f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.

Answer: (A)
36. If k is a positive integer, then
 1k + 2k + 3k +  + n k 
lim   =
n →∞  nk +1
 
(A) 1/k (B) 1/(k + 1)
(C) k/(k + 1) (D) 1
Hint: Use part (i) of Theorem 1.21 and show that
1 1k + 2k + 3k +  + n k  1  1  1 
k +1
< <   1 +  − 
k +1 nk +1  k + 1  n  n k + 1 
and take limit as n → ∞.
Solution
We have
 1k + 2k + 3k +  + n k 
lim  
n →∞
 n k +1 
We know that
1k + 2k + 3k +  + n k  1  1  1 
k +1
1
< k +1
< 1 +  − k +1 
1+ k n 1 + k  n  n 
Using the given data, that is, taking limit n → ∞, we get
  1  1 1 
k +1
1  1k + 2k +  + n k 1
lim < lim  <
   1 +  − k +1  =
n →∞ k + 1 n →∞  n k +1  1 + k  n  n  k + 1
Answer: (B)
37. (an ) is a sequence of non-zero real numbers which are in AP with common difference d . Then
 1 1 1 
lim  + + + =
n →∞  a1a2 a2 a3 an an + 1 

(A) 1/d (B) a1/d
(C) d/a1 (D) 1/da1
Solution
We have
a=
2 a1 + d
a=
3 a1 + 2d

a=
n a1 + (n – 1)d
That is
1 1 1 1 
=  − 
a1a2 d  a1 a2 
1 1 1 1 
=  − 
a2 a3 d  a2 a3 

Therefore,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
lim
n →∞
 − + −  − 
d  a2 a3 a2 a3 an an +1 
1 1 1  1
lim
n →∞
 − =
d  a1 an +1  da1
Answer: (D)
38. lim (n 1/ n
)=
n →∞
(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) does not exist (D) finite positive number less than 1
Solution
Let us consider that L = lim (n)1/ n . Therefore,
n →∞
log n
log L = lim
n →∞ n
Using L-Hospital’s rule, we get
1/ n
log L = lim
n →∞ 1
log L = 0
L =1
Answer: (A)
1/ n
 2 1  3 2  4 3  n +1 n 
39. lim           =
n →∞  1   2   3   n  

(A) 1 (B) 1/e
(C) e (D) +∞
Hint: Use Cauchy’s second theorem on limits.
Solution
We know that it can be written as

2 1
= 1+
1 1
3 1
= 1+
2 2
4 1
= 1+
3 3

n +1 1
= 1+
n n
Therefore,
1/ n
 1 1  1 2  1 n 
lim 1 +  1 +   1 +   = e
n →∞
 1   2  n  
Answer: (C)
40. f :  →  is a function satisfying the relation f [ f ( x)] − f ( x) = ax + b ∀ x ∈  where a ≠ 0. Then the

number of solutions of the equation f(x) = x is
(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) 2 (D) infinite
Solution
We have
f [ f ( x)] – f ( x=
) ax + b
where RHS of this equation is a linear function and LHS containing f  f ( x) , that is, f(x) should be a
linear function. Two non-parallel lines intersect exactly one point.
Answer: (A)
41. lim (n!)−1/ n =

n →∞
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) +∞ (D) cannot be determined
Solution
1 1
lim = = 0
n →∞ (n !)1/ n ∞
Answer: (A)
n  k  lim ( sn )
42. If S=
n ∑  1+
n 2
− 1  then n→∞ is
k =1  
(A) 1 (B) 1/2
(C) 1/4 (D) +∞
x x k
Hint: < 1 + x − 1 < for x > −1 put x = 2 and use squeezing theorem.
2+ x 2 n
Solution
We have
k n 
k =1  n
S=
2n ∑ 
− 1  1+

k x x
Substituting x = 2 and using the given data, that is, < 1 + x − 1 < for x > −1, we get
n 2+ x 2
1 1
=
22 4
Answer: (C)
π 
43. lim sec   log x =
x →1  2x 
1 2
(A) (B)
π log 2 π log 2
log 2 π
(C) (D)
2π 2 log 2
Solution
π 
lim sec  x  log x (0 × ∞ form)
x →1 2 
log x 0 
lim
x →1 cos (π / 2 x )
 form 
0 
Using L-Hospital’s rule, we have

1 1 1
lim = (1)
x →1 x π  (1)(π )(1 / 2)(log 2)
sin  x  (π )(2− x ) log 2(+1)
2 
2
=
π log 2
Answer: (B)
44. Let p be a real number and
−1  pi +1 
an = ei (2 n cot p)
 
 pi −1 
where i= −1. Then lim (an ) is equal to
n →∞
(A) p (B) p2
(C) p/2 (D) 1
Hint: Put cot − 1 p = θ and use De Moivre’s theorem.
Solution
We have
−1  pi + 1 
an = ei 2 n (cot p)
 
 pi − 1 
Let p = cot θ. Therefore,
 cot θ i + 1 
an = e2inθ  
 cot θ i − 1 
 cot θ i + sin θ 
= e2inθ  
 cot θ i − sin θ 
π  π 
cos  − θ  + i sin  − θ 
= e2inθ  2   2 
π  π 
cos  + θ  + i sin  − θ 
 2   2 
2inθ −2iθ
= e= e e2( n −1)iθ
a=
n cos 2(n − 1)θ + i sin 2(n − 1)θ
Hence,
lim an =1 + 0 =1
n →∞
Answer: (D)
45. Let
x 2 tan(1/ x)
=f ( x) for x > 0
8 x 2 + 7 x +1
Then lim f ( x) is
x →∞
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/ 2

(C) 1/2 2 (D) 2 2
Solution
We have
x 2 tan (1 / x)
f ( x) =
8x2 + 7 x + 1
That is
tan (1 / x) 1
lim f ( x) =
x →∞ 1/ x 8 + (7 / x) + (1 / x 2 )
1
= 1×
8
1
=
2 2
Answer: (C)
46. Let
 −1 if x < 0

=f ( x) =0 if x 0
1 if x > 0

=
g ( x) f ( x) + 1
Then the number of values of x at which g(x) is discontinuous is
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3
Solution
We have
0, x<0

=
g ( x) =
1, x 0

 2, x > 0
from which it is clear that g(x) is discontinuous only at x = 0 and hence the values of x at which g(x)
is discontinuous is only one.
Answer: (B)
47. Let A and B be real constants and

 Ax − B if x ≤1

f ( x)= 3x + 2 if 1< x < 2
 2
 Bx − A if x ≥ 2
If f is continuous at x = 1 and 2 then
(A) A = 6, B = 3 (B) A = 3, B = 6
(C) A = −3, B = −6 (D) A = −3, B = 6
Solution
f is continuous at x = 1 and 2, then
A − B =3 + 2 =5
That is,
B (2) 2 – A= 3(2) + 2= 8
4B – A = 8
9
3B = 9, B =
=3
3
9 44
A =5 + = = 6
3 3
Answer: (A)
48. Let
 1  1 
 sin   if x ≠ a
f ( x) =  x − a  x − a 

0 if x = a
Then
(A) left limit at a exists and is equal to zero
(B) right limit at a exists and is equal to 1
(C) at a, left limit exists finitely, but right limit does not exist
(D) both left and right limits at a do not exist
Solution
We can write as
1 1
lim f ( x) = lim sin
x →a −0 h →0 h h
= ∞
and
1 1
lim f ( x) = lim sin
x→a + 0 h →0 h h
= ∞
which clearly shows that both left and right limits at a do not exist.
Answer: (D)
49. Let
1 1 1
 if < x≤ for n ≥ 0 integer
f ( x) =  2n 2n + 1 2n
0 if x = 0

Then
 1 1 
(A) f is discontinuous in the open interval  n + 1 , n 
2 2 
(B) f is not continuous at x = 1
(C) f is discontinuous at x = 1/2
1
=
(D) f is continuous exactly at x = for n 1, 2,3
2n
Solution
Since we have
1 1 1
1⋅ 2
< −h≤
2 2 2
LHS is obtained as
1  1
f  − h =
2  2
and since
1 1 1
< +h≤ 0
2 2 2
RHS is obtained as
1 
f  + h = 1
2 
1
As we see that LHS ≠ RHS, f(x) is discontinuous at x = .
2
Answer: (C)
50. Function f is defined on [0,1] by
x if x is rational
f ( x) = 
1 − x if x is irrational
Then
(A) f assumes every value in [0, 1] and is also continuous on [0, 1]
(B) f is continuous exactly at x = 1/2 and assumes every value in [0, 1]
(C) f is not continuous at x = 1/2, but assumes every value between 0 and 1
(D) f is not continuous on [0, 1] and hence it cannot assume all the values between 0 and 1
Solution
x= 1 − x
1
⇒x=
2
1
When the limiting value and the value of f(x) at x = are equal, then f(x) is continuous only at
2
1
x=
2
in [0, 1] and assumes every value in [0, 1].
Answer: (B)
51. If
1 2
x −1 + x x −1 + 2 −
f ( x) = 2 x
1
x−2+
x
then lim f ( x) is equal to
x →1/ 2
−3 3
(a) (B)
2 2 2 2
(C) 3 2 (D) − 3 2
Solution
1 1 1 1 2
−1 + −1 + 2 −
2 2 2 2 1/ 2
lim1 f ( x) = lim1
x→ 2 x→ 2 1 1
−2+
2 1/ 2
3
−
3
= 4 = −
1 2 2
2
Answer: (A)
 
52. lim   x  is
x →∞ 
 x+ x+ x 
 
(A) ∞ (B) 0
(C) 1 (D) 1/2
Solution
x 1
lim = = 1
x →∞   1+ 0 + 0
 1 1 
x 1+ + 2
 x x 
 
Answer: (C)
 x −1 −1 if x <1
53. Let f ( x) = 

 [ x] if x ≥1
where [ ] is the greatest integer function. Then the set of points of discontinuities of f consists precisely
(A) all integers ≥1
(B) the integer 1
(C) all integers greater than 1
(D) all negative integers
Solution
From the following figure and
− x x<0

=f ( x)  x 0 ≤ x <1
[ x] x ≥1

it is clear that all integers are greater than 1.
Answer: (C)
54. Let f :  →  be a function satisfying f ( x) + 2 f (1 − x) = x 2 + 2 for all x∈ . Then lim f ( x ) is

x →3
(A) 1/3 (B) 1/2
(C) 2/3 (D) 3/2
Solution
f ( x) + 2 f (1 − x) = x 2 + 2 (1)
Substituting x = 1 − x, we have
f (1 − x) + 2 f ( x) = (1 − x) 2 + 2 (2)
Eq. (1) − [2 × Eq. (2)] implies that
−3 f ( x) = x 2 + 2 − 2(1 − x) 2 − 4
−3 f ( x) = x 2 − 2 − 2( x 2 − 2 x + 1)
=− x2 + 4 x − 4
1
f ( x)= ( x 2 − 4 x + 4)
3
1
= ( x − 2) 2
3
1
lim f ( x) =
x →3 3
Answer: (A)
 x 4 sin(1/ x) + x 2 
55. lim  =
x →∞  1+ x
3 
 
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 1/2 (D) does not exist
Solution
We have
 sin (1 / x) 1 
x3  + 
x 1+ 0
lim 
1/ x
= = 1
x →∞  1  1+ 0
x3 1 + 3 
 x 
Answer: (B)
(2 + x) (4 + x)
40 5
56. lim =
x →∞ (2 − x)45
(A) 1 (B) −1
(C) +∞ (D) −∞
Solution
 40  2 40   5  4 5 
 x  + 1   x  + 1 
  x     x   (0 + 1)40 (0 + 1)5
lim  = = −1
x →∞
45  2 
45
(0 − 1)45
x  − 1
x 
Answer: (B)
x10 x − x
57. lim =
x →0 1 − cos x
(A) log 10 (B) 2 log 10

(C) 3 log 10 (D) 4 log 10
Solution
We have
x10 x − x [( x10 x ) log10 + 10 x − 1]
lim = lim
x →0 1 − cos x x →0 + sin x
 ( x log10 + 1) l og10 + 10 x l og 10 
= lim  
x →0
 cos x 
l og10 + l og 10
=
1
= 2 log 10
Answer: (B)
 1 + 3x − 1 + 2 x 
58. lim 
  =
x →0
 x + 2 x2 
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 1/2 (D) −1/2
Solution
 1 + 3x − 1 − 2 x 
lim  
 ( x + 2 x ) ( 1 + 3x + 1 + 2 x) 
x →0 2
 1  1
lim  =
 (1 + 2 x) ( 1 + 3x + 1 + 2 x)  2
x →0
Answer: (C)
(e1/ x + 1) − 1 if x ≠ 0

59. Let f ( x) = 

 1 if x = 0
Then
(A) lim f ( x) =1 (B) lim f ( x) =1
x →0 + 0 x →0 − 0
(C) lim f ( x) =1 (D) lim f ( x) = 0

x →0 x →0
Solution
f ( x) (e− (1/ h ) + 1) −1
lim =
x →0 − 0
=1
( x) (e1/ h + 1)−1
lim f=
x →0 + 0
=0
Answer: (B)
n  1 
60. Let sn = ∑ tan −1  2 
.
k =1  1+ k + k 
Then lim ( sn ) is
n →∞
π π
(A) (B)
2 4
(C) 0 (D) 1
Solution
(k + 1) − k
Tn = tan −1
1 + K ( K + 1)
= tan −1 (k + 1) − tan −1k
Therefore,
=T1 tan −1 2 − tan −11
=T2 tan −1 3 − tan −1 2
=T3 tan −1 4 − tan −1 3

Tn tan −1 (n + 1) − tan −1n
=
Hence,
Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 +  + Tn
= tan −1 (n + 1) − tan −11
Therefore,
π π π
lim Sn = − =
n →∞ 2 4 4
Answer: (B)
n
61. Let sn = ∑ cot −1 (2k 2 ) . Then lim ( sn ) is
n →∞
k =1
π
(A) (B) 0
2
π
(C) 1 (D)
4
Solution
−1 2
= =
Tn cot 2k 2 tan −1
4k 2
 (2k + 1) − (2k − 1) 
= tan −1  
1 + (2k + 1)(2k − 1) 
Therefore,
Tn tan −1 (2k + 1) − tan −1 (2k − 1)
=
=T1 tan −1 3 − tan −11
=T2 tan −1 5 − tan −1 3
=T3 tan −1 7 − tan −1 5

Tn tan −1 (2n + 1) − tan −1 (2n − 1)
=
Hence,
Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 +  + Tn
Sn tan −1 (2n + 1) − tan −11
=
Therefore,
π π π
lim Sn = − =
n →∞ 2 4 4
Answer: (D)
62. Let sn= sin θ + sin 2θ + sin 3θ +  + sin(nθ ) . Then
 s + s + s +  + sn 
lim  1 2 3
n →∞ 
=
n 
1 θ 1 θ
(A) cot (B) tan
2 2 2 2
1 θ
(C) 1 (D) tan
4 2
Solution
{
sn= sin θ + sin 2θ + sin 3θ +  + sin(nθ )= Im eiθ + ei 2θ + ei 3θ +  + einθ }
The equation on right side forms a GP. So, Sum of the GP is
 eiθ (1 − einθ ) 
sn = Im  inθ 
 1 − e 
We know
eiθ − e−iθ
sin θ =
2i
So, the denominator becomes
θ
1 − einθ =
eiθ 2 (e−iθ 2
− eiθ 2 ) =
−2ieiθ 2 sin
2
So,
θ  1
cos − cos  n + θ
sn =
2  2
θ
2sin
2
Therefore,
 θ  3θ 5θ  1 
 n cos −  cos + cos +  + cos  n +  θ  
 s + s + s +  + sn   2  2 2  2 
lim  1 2 3
n →∞ 
 = nlim  θ 
n  →∞
n 2sin
 2 
 
1 θ
= cot
2 2
Answer: (A)
63. lim  cos ⋅ cos

x x x x 
⋅ cos  cos =
n →∞ 2 22 23 2n 
(A) (sin x)/x (B) 0
(C) sin x (D) does not exist
Solution
We have cos θ ⋅ cos 2θ ⋅ cos 22 θ  n terms, therefore,

sin 2n θ
2n sin θ
Hence,
 x 
sin  2n ⋅ 
 2n 
x x x
cos ⋅ cos 2  cos n = 
2 2 2 x
2n ⋅ sin n
2
Therefore,
 x 
sin x  2n  sin x
lim ⋅ =
n →∞ x  x  x
sin  n 
2 
Answer: (A)
sin x
 sin x  x − sin x
64. lim   =
x →0  x 
(A) e (B) 1/e

e
(C) −e (D)
Solution
We have
sin x
 sin x  x −sin x
lim  
x →0  x 
Therefore,
− sin x
 x  x
  sin x − x  sin x − x  1
lim 1 +  e−1 =
=
x →0  x   e
 
Answer: (B)
1 − cos(1 − cos x)
65. lim =
x →0 x4
(A) 1/4 (B) 4
(C) 8 (D) 1/8
Solution
1 − cos(1 − cos x)
lim
x →0 x4
Therefore,
1 − cos θ 1
lim =
θ →0 θ 2
2
Hence,
1 − cos(1 − cos x) (1 − cos x)2 1 1 1
lim = ⋅ =
x →0 (1 − cos x) 2
x 4
2 4 8
Answer: (D)
MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Let
 −1 π
 cos {cot[ x − ( x)]} for x <
 2
f ( x) = 
 π
π ( x) −1 for x ≥

 2
where (x) is the integer part of x. Then
π π
(A) lim f ( x) = (B) lim f ( x=) −1
π 2 π 2
x→ − 0 x→ − 0
2 2
π π
(C) lim f ( x)= +1 (D) lim f ( x)= −1
π 2 π 2
x→ + 0 x→ + 0
2 2
Solution
π
• For x < , we get the following:
2
 ( x) 
f ( x) cos −1{cot[ x − (=
= x)]} cos −1  
 1 − ( x)2 
Therefore,
( x) π
lim f ( x) = lim =
π π
x→ − 0
2
x→ − 0
2
1 − ( x) 2 2
π
• For ≥ , we get the following:
2
f ( x) = π ( x) –1
Therefore,
π 
=
lim f ( x) limπ π ( x)=
−1   −1
2
π
x→ 2 +0 x→ 2
Answer: (A), (D)
2. Let
x if x is rational
f ( x) = 
0 if x is irrational
0 if x is rational
g ( x) = 
x if x is irrational
Then the function f − g is
(A) continuous for all real x
(B) is one-one
(C) is onto
(D) is continuous exactly at x = 0
Solution
x x is rational
( f − g )( x) =

− x x is rrational
• In the neighbourhood of any rational or irrational number, there exist infinite number of rational
or irrational number so (f − g)(x) is discontinuous at any real number except zero.
• There exists a unique image corresponding to any rational or irrational number because both y = x
and y = −x are one-one function and has different inputs.
• By the definition of (f − g)(x), we know that (f − g)(x) attains all rational values and irrational
values; hence, (f − g)(x) is an onto function.
• At x = 0, both y = x and y = x are equal; hence, then (f − g)(x) is continuous at x = 0.
Answer: (B), (C), (D)
3. Let
 π
(cos x − sin x)cosecx if − < x < 0
 2

=f ( x) = a if x 0
 1/ x 2/ x 3/ x
 e +e +e π
if 0 < x <
 ae + be
2/ x 3/ x
2
Then
(A) a = 1/e (B) b = 1/e
(C) a = e (D) b = e
Solution
• We have
=
lim f ( x) lim(cos h + sin h)− cosech
x →0 − 0 h →0
= lim(1 + cos h + sin h − 1)− cosech

h →0
− (cos h + sin h −1)cosech
(cos h + sin h −1)
= lim[1 + (cos h + sin h − 1)]
h →0
= lim e(1−cos h −sin h )/sin h

h →0
−1 1
= e=
e
• We have
e1/ h + e2/ h + e3/ h
lim f ( x) = lim 2 3
x →0 + 0 h →0
ae h + be h
e− (2/ h ) + e− (1/ h ) + 1
= lim
h →0 ae− (1/ h ) + b
1
=
b
• Since f (x) is continuous, we have
1 1 1
a= = ⇒ a= , b= e
e b e
Answer: (A), (D)
4. Let
 −1 if x < 0

=
f ( x) =0 if x 0
 1 if x > 0

Then
(A) lim f ( x) does not exist (B) lim[ f ( x)]2 = 0
x →0 x →0
(C) lim[ f ( x)] =1

2 2
(D) lim[ f ( x)] does not exist
x →0 x →0
Solution
We have
−1, if x < 0

=f ( x) =0, if x 0
1, if x > 0

Therefore,
1 if x < 0

=
[ f ( x)]2 =0 if x 0
1 if x > 0

Hence
lim f ( x) = 1 and lim f ( x) = −1
x →0 + 0 x →0 − 0
Therefore, lim f ( x) does not exist and
x →0
=
lim [ f ( x)]2 1=
and lim [ f ( x)]2 1
x →0 + 0 x →0 − 0
Hence, lim[ f ( x)] = 1 2

x →0
Answer: (A), (C)
5. f :  ×  →  is a function satisfying the relation

f ( x + 2 y, x − 2 y) = xy
for all x, y∈ y. Then
x2 − y 2 x2 + y 2
(A) f ( x, y ) = (B) f ( x, y ) =
8 8
9
(C) f (2 2, 0) =1 (D) f (3 2, 0) =
4
Solution
We have
f ( x + 2 y, x − 2 y ) =
xy
Substituting x + 2 y =
a and x − y =b , we get
a+b a−b
=x = ,y
2 4
Therefore,
a + b a − b a 2 − b2
=
f ( a, b) = ,
2 4 8
x2 − y 2
f ( x, y ) =
8
Hence,
8−0
f (2 =
2, 0) = 1
8
18 − 0 9
f (3 =
2, 0) =
8 4
Answer: (A), (C), (D)
6. Let
 −1   −1 1  1  3 
=
A  ,1 ,= B  ,  ,=
C  ,1 ,= D  ,∞
 2   2 2   2  2 
 x2 + 2 x − 3 
and f ( x) = log 1   2 
 x +   4x − 4x − 3 
 2 
Then f is defined as x belongs to

(A) A (B) B
(C) B ∪ C (D) B ∪ C ∪ D
Solution
We have
 x2 + 2 x − 3 
f ( x) = log  1  2 
 x + 
2
 4 x − 4 x − 3
Therefore, we can write as
1 −1
x+ >0⇒ x> (1)
2 2
1 1
x + ≠1⇒ x ≠ (2)
2 2
x2 + 2 x − 3 ( x + 3)( x − 1)
>0⇒ >0
4x − 4x − 3
2
(2 x + 1)(2 x − 3)
Hence,
 1  3 
x ∈ ( −∞, −3) ∪  − ,1 ∪  , ∞ (3)
 2  2 
From Eqs. (1)–(3), we get
 −1 1   1   3 
x ∈  ,  ∪  ,1 ∪  , ∞
 2 2  2   2 
Answer: (B), (C), (D)
7. Let
0 if x = 0

 π 
=f ( x)  x 2 sin   if | x |<1
  2x 
 x2 if | x |≥1

Then
(A) f is even for x ≥1
(B) f is odd in (–1, 1)
(C) f is continuous in (–1, 1)
(D) f is discontinuous at x = ± 1
Solution
 x 2 , x ≤ −1

 x 2 sin  π  , −1 < x < 0
  
2x
f ( x) = 
π
 x 2 sin , 0 < x < 1
 2x
 2
x , x ≥ 1
(A) If x ≥ 1, then f ( x) = x 2 is even function.
(B) If x ∈ ( −1,1) , then
 π
f ( x) = x 2 sin  
 2x 
which is odd function.
(C) We have
π 
lim f (=
x) lim − h 2 sin  
x →0 − 0 h →0  2h 
= 0 × (Finite number)
=0
and
π 
lim f ( x) = lim h 2 sin  
x →0 + 0 h →0  2h 
= 0 × (Finite number)
=0
f (0) = 0
So, f(x) is continuous in (–1, 1).
(D) We have
=
lim f ( x) 1=
and lim f ( x) 0
x →1+ 0 x →1− 0
So f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1. Also
=
lim f ( x) 1=
and lim f ( x) 0
x →1− 0 x →1+ 0
So f(x) is discontinuous at x = −1.

Answer: (A), (B), (C)
8. Which of the following are true?

x+4
 x+6 
(A) lim   = e17
x →∞  x −11 
 
 tan 3 x − 3tan x 
(B) lim   = − 24
x →  cos  x + π  
π
3  
  6  
1 − cos 2 ( x − 1)
(C) lim does not exist
x →1 x −1
(D) If f :  →  is continuous at origin and satisfies the relation f ( x + y )= f ( x) + f ( y ) for all x, y in  and
f (1) = 2, then f ( x) = 2 x for x∈
Solution
(A) We have
17( x + 4)
 x −11  x −11
x+4
 x+6   17  17 
lim  =  lim 1 + 
x →∞  x − 1  x →∞  x − 11  
 
( x + 4)
17
= lim
= e ( x −11) e17
x →∞
(B) We have
tan 3 x − 3tan x tan x(tan 2 x − 3) tan x(sin x + 3 cos x) (sin x − 3 cos x)
=
lim = lim
lim
x→
π  π x→
π  π x→
π  π
3 cos  x +  3 cos  x +  3 cos  x +  cos 2 x
 6   6   6
 π  π
−4 tan x ⋅ cos  x +  cos  x + 
 6   6
= lim
x→
π
 π
3 cos  x +  ⋅ cos 2 x
 6
3
−y ⋅ 3 ⋅
= 2
1
4
= −24
(C) We have
1 − cos 2( x − 1)
f ( x) =
x −1
2 sin( x − 1)
f ( x) =
x −1
Therefore,
2 sin(−h) 2 sin h
lim f ( x) = = − 2 and lim f ( x) − =
2
x →1− 0 ( − h) x →1+ 0 h
These imply that lim f ( x) does not exist.

x →1
(E) For x = y, we have f (x + x) = f (x) + f (x) ⇒ f (2x) = 2 f (x). Hence, f (x) = 2x
Answer: (A), (B), (C), (D)

9. For each x ∈[0,1], let f ( x=) max[ x , ( x −1) , 2 x(1 − x)] . Then
2 2
(A) f is continuous at x = 1/3

(B) f is continuous at x = 2/3
(C) f is discontinuous at x = 1/2
(D) f is continuous on [0, 1]
Solution
When x ∈ [0, 1],
max[ x 2 , ( x − 1) 2 , 2 x(1 − x)] = 2 x(1 − x)
f=
( x) 2 x(1 − x) which is continuous function (see following figure)
Answer: (A), (B), (D)
10. Let f :  →  be defined by f ( x)= x − [ x] where [x] is the integral part of x. Then
(A) f is discontinuous at all integer values of x
(B) f is continuous at all non-integer value of x
(C) 0 ≤ f ( x) <1 ∀ x∈
(D) f(x) assumes 0 but never 1
Solution
We know that x – [ x] = {x}

f ( x) = {x}
where {x} = [0, 1]. Therefore, from the following figure, it is clear that
(A) f is discontinuous at all integer
(B) f is continuous at all not-integer values of x
(C) as 0 ≤ {x} < 1, we notice that 0 ≤ f(x) < 1
(D) f (x) < 0, but never 1
Answer: (A), (B), (C), (D)
MATRIX-MATCH TYPE QUEATIONS
In each of the following questions, statements are given in two columns, which have to be matched. The
statements in column I are labeled as (A), (B), (C) and (D), while those in column II are labeled as (p), (q), (r), (s)
and (t). Any given statement in column I can have correct matching with one or more statements in column II.
The appropriate bubbles corresponding to the answers to these questions have to be darkened as illustrated in the
following example.
Example: If the correct matches are (A) → (p), (s) , (B) → (q), (s), (t), (C) → (r), (D) → (r), (t) , that is if the matches
are (A) → (p) and (s); (B) → (q), (s) and (t); (C) → (r); and (D) → (r), (t), then the correct darkening of bubbles will
look as follows:
1. Match the items of Column I with those of Column II.
Column I Column II
 tan 2 x + tan x − 2  (p) 2
(A) lim  =
π
x→  sin x − cos x 
4
(B) lim (1 − sin x) tan 2 x (q) 1

x →π
ax − b if x ≤ 2
 (r) 3 2
(C) f ( x) = 
x − 5 x + 6if x > 2
2
 (s) 2 2
If f is to be continuous on  1 then b/a
is equal to
21− x if x <1 (t) 0
(D) f ( x) =  2
ax + bx + 1 if x ≥1
If f is continuous at x = 1 then the value
of a + b is
Solution
(A) We have
tan 2 x + tan x − 2 (tan x − 1) (tan x + 2)
lim = lim
x→
π sin x − cos x x→
π sin x − cos x
4 4
(sin x − cos x) (tan x + 2)

= lim
x→
π (sin x − cos x) cos x
4
=3 2
Answer: (r)
(B) We have
sin 2 x (1 − sin x) ⋅ sin 2 x
lim (1 − sin x) = lim
x →π cos 2 x x →π 1 − sin 2 x
sin 2 x
= lim
x →π 1 + sin 2 x
=0
Answer: (t)
(C) We have
ax − b,
 if x ≤ 2
f ( x) =  2
 x − sx + 6 if x > 2

At x = 2, we have
b
29 − b = 0 ⇒ =2
9
Answer: (p)
(D) At x = 1, we have
1 = a + b +1 ⇒ a + b = 0
Answer: (p)
2. In Column I, functions are given and against them values of x are mentioned at which f is to be defined
such that f becomes continuous at the mentioned points. In Column II, the values of f at these points
are given. Match these.
Column I Column II
x −3 (p) 2
=
(A) f ( x) = at x 3
x −1− 2
3 3
cos 2 x − sin 2 x −1 (q) 1/2

=(B) f ( x) = at x 0
x 2 + 1 −1
1  x (r) −1/2
=
(C) f ( x) =tan   at x 0
x 2 (s) −4
tan 2 x − 2 tan x − 3 (t) 0

=(D) f ( x) = at x tan −1 (3)
tan 2 x − 4 tan x + 3
Solution
(A) We have
x−3
lim f ( x) = lim
x →3 x →3 ( x 2 − 1)1/3 − 2
Since
a−b
a1/3 − b1/3 =
a + a1/3b1/3 + b 2/3
2/3
we get
x−3 x−3
lim = lim 2 × [( x 2 − 1)2/3 + 2( x 2 − 1)1/3 + (8)2/3 ]
x →3 ( x 2 − 1) − (8)
1/3 1/3 x → 3 ( x − 1) − 8
1  2 1 
= lim ( x − 1)2/3 + 2( x 2 − 1) + 4 
x →3 x + 3  3 
1
= (4 + 2.2 + 4)
6
=2
Answer: (p)
(B) We have
cos 2 x − sin 2 x − 1 −2sin 2 x
lim = lim
x →0
x2 + 1 − 1 x →0
x2 + 1 − 1
−2sin 2 x x 2 + 1 + 1
= l im
x →0 x2
= – 2 (1 + 1) = −4
Answer: (s)
(C) We have
x
tan
1 x 2
lim tan = lim
x →0 x 2 x →0  x 
2 
2
1
=
2
Answer: (q)
(D) We have
tan 2 x − 2 tan x − 3 tan x + 1 3 + 1
lim−1 = = lim
x → T an 3 tan 2 x − 4 tan x + 3 x →Tan −1 3 tan x − 1 3 − 1
=2
Answer: (p)
Column I Column II
 tan 3x − tan x  3 (p) 1/2
(A) lim   is
x →0 tan x
 
 x2 + 7 − 4  (q) − 2
(B) lim 4   is
x →3  x 2 − 5 x + 6 
 
2 +
x 2
−16  (r) 3
(C) lim  x  is (s) 2
x→2
 4 −16 
 π  (t) −1/2
(D) lim (sin x − cos x) tan  + x   is
π  
x→  4
4
Solution
(A) We have
 tan 3x 2   3 − tan 2 x 
lim  − tan
= x  lim  − tan 2 x 
x →0  tan x   1 − 3tan x
→ 2
x 0

=3
Answer: (r)
(B) We have
4( x 2 + 7 − 4) x2 − 9 4
lim = lim
x →3 x − 5x + 6
2 x → 3 ( x − 2)( x − 3) x + 7 + 4
2
x+3 4
= lim ×
x →3 ( x − 2)
x +7 +4
2
4
=6 × =3
8
Answer: (r)
(C) We have
y ⋅ 2 x − 16 4 (2 x − 4) 4 1
lim = lim = =
x→2 4 − 16
x x→2 (2 x − 4) (2 x + 4) 8 2
Answer: (p)
(D) We have
1 + tan x cos x(tan x − 1) ⋅ (1 + tan x)
lim (sin x − cos x) ⋅ =
lim
x→
π 1 − tan x x → π (1 − tan x)
4 4
1
=− ⋅ 2 =− 2
2
Answer: (q)
4. In Column I, nth terms of a sequence are given. In Column II, their respective limits as n → ∞ are given.
Match them.
Column I Column II
3
n +n
2 (p) 1
(A)
n +1
4
n5 + 2 − 3 n 2 + 1 (q) 4/3
(B)
3
n 4 + 2 − n3 + 1
(n + 2)!+ (n + 1)! (r) 3/4
(C)
(n + 3)! (s) 0
1 1 1 (t) 2/3
1+ + 2 + + n
(D) 2 2 2
1 1 1
1+ + 2 + + n
3 3 3
Solution
(A)
1/3
1 1 
(n 2 + n)1/3  + 2
=
lim =
lim n n  0
n →∞ n +1 n →∞
1+
1
n
Answer: (s)
(B)
1/4 1/3
 2   1 
n5/4 1 + 5  − n 2/3 1 + 2 
(n5 + 2)1/4 − (n 2 + 1)1/3
lim = lim 4  n   n 
n →∞ (n 4 + 2)1/3 − (n3 + 1)1/2 n →∞
 2 
1/3
 1 
1/2
n 3 1 + 4  − n3/2 1 + 3 
 n   n 
n5/4 − n 2/3
= lim
x →∞ n 4/3 − n3/2
 1 1 
n3/2  1/4 − 5/6 
= lim  n n 
n →∞ 3
 1 
n 2  5/6 − 1
n 
=0
Answer: (s)
(C)
(n + 2)!+ (n + 1)! (n + 2) + 1
lim = lim
n →∞ (n + 3)! n →∞ ( n + 3)( n + 2)
 3
1 + 
=
lim ⋅
1  n =
0
n →∞ n  3  2 
1 + 1 + 
 n  n 
Answer: (s)
(D) We have
 1 1 1  1
lim 1 + + 2 +  +=  = 2;
n →∞  2 2 2n  1 − (1 / 2)
 1 1 1  1 3
lim 1 + + 2 +  +=  =
n →∞  3 3 3  1 − (1 / 3) 2
n
Therefore,
1 1 1
1+ + 2 + + n
2 2 2 2 4
lim = =
n →∞ 1 1 1
1+ + 2 + + n 3 / 2 3
3 3 3
Answer: (s)
Column I Column II
 e x − cosx 
2
(p) 1
(A) lim  =
x →0  x 2 
 
 esin2 x − esinx  (q) 3
(B) lim   =
x →0 x
 
(C) lim[ x(e1/ x −1)] (r) 2
x →∞ (s) e
1 + sinx − cos 2 x (t) 3/2

(D) lim 2
=
x →0 tan ( x / 2)
Solution
(A)
2 2
e x − cos x (e x − 1) (1 − cos x)
lim= lim +
x →0 x2 x →0 x2 x2
1 3
=1 + =
2 2
Answer: (t)
(B)
esin 2 x − esin x (esin 2 x − 1) (esin x − 1)
lim= lim −
x →0 x x →0 x x
e sin 2 x
− 1 sin 2 x esin x − 1 sin x
= lim 2 ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅
x →0 sin 2 x 2x sin x x
= 2 −1 = 1
Answer:(p)
1
(C) Substituting x = , we have
y
ey −1
lim =1
y →0 y
Answer: (p)
(D) We have
1 + sin x − cos 2 x 1 + sin x − cos 2 x
lim = lim
x →0 tan 2 ( x / 2) x →0 x
tan 2 ( 1 + sin x + cos 2 x )
2
=3
Answer: (q)
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Passage: f :  →  is a function satisfying the following three conditions:

(a) f ( − x) = − f ( x) ∀ x∈ 
(b) f ( x + 1)
= f ( x) + 1 ∀ x∈
 1  f ( x)
(c) f  =  ∀x≠0
 x  x2
Answer the following questions.
2 f ( x + 1) − 2 f ( x )
(i) lim is
x→2 x
(A) 2 (B) log 2
(C) 2log 2 (D) 2/(log 2)
Solution
Substituting f(x) = x, we get

2 x +1 − 2 x 3 − 4
lim = = 2
x→2 x 2
Answer: (A)
−1
(ii) lim( f ( x)) is
x →1
(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) does not exist (D) e
Solution
−1
lim f= =
( x) lim ( x) 1
x →1 x →1
Answer: (A)
(iii) The number of common points=
of the graph of y f=
( x) with the line y x is
(A) 2 (B) 4
(C) 8 (D) infinite

(Hint: f ( x) = x ∀ x∈ R)
Solution
We find that= y f=
( x) x . Hence, both equations are identical. Hence, there are infinite
common points.
Answer: (D)
2. Passage: Let f ( x) be a function defined in the neighbourhood of a∈. Then lim f ( x) exists finitely if
x→a
and only if lim f ( x), lim f ( x) exists finitely and are equal. Further if f (a) is defined and
x→a − 0 x →a + 0
lim f ( x) = f (a), then f is said to be continuous at x = a. Answer the following questions.

x→a
(i) Let
 2x
1 + for 0 ≤ x <1
f ( x) =  a
ax for 1 ≤ x < 2 where a > 0.
If lim f ( x) exist, then a is equal to
x →1
(A) −1 (B) 1
(C) −2 (D) 2
Solution
At x = 1, we have
2
1+ −a⇒a=2
a
Answer: (D)
(ii) Let
 x 2 + x + 1 if x ≥ −1
f ( x) = 
sin (a −1) π if x < −1
If f is to be continuous at x = −1, then
3 1
(A) a= + 2n (B) a= + 2n
2 2
1 3
(C) a= + 2nπ (D) a= + 2nπ
2 2
Solution
At x = −1
=1 sin(a − 1)π
π
(a − 1)π = 2nπ +
2
1
a − 1= 2n +
2
3
=
a 2n +
2
Answer: (A)
(iii) Let
 π
ax + 1,

x≤
2
f ( x) = 
π
sin x + b, x > .

 2
If f is continuous at x = π / 2 then the a : b is equal to
(A) π : 2 (B) 2 :π
(C)1:π (D) π :1
Solution
π
At n =
2
π
a+ 1 = 1 +b
2
a 2
=
b π
Therefore, a:b = 2:π.
Answer: (B)
3. f ( x) is real-valued function satisfying the functional relation
 1  2 2
f ( x) + f  = −
 1− x  x 1− x
for all x ≠ 0 and 1. g ( x) is a polynomial of degree n satisfying the relation
g ( x) + g ( y ) + g ( xy ) =
2 + g ( x) g ( y )
for all real x and y and g (4) =17. Answer the following questions.
(i) lim f ( x) =
x →1
(A) 0 (B) 1
Solution
• Frist, we have
 1  2 2
f ( x) + F   = − (1)
1 − x x 1 − x
1
Substituting x = in Eq. (1), we get
1− x
 1   x − 1 2
F  +F = − 2x
 x  x
(2)
1 − x
1
Substituting x = in Eq. (2), we get
1− x
 x − 1 2
F  + F ( x) =2 − 2 x − (3)
 x  1− x
Eq. (1) + Eq. (3) − Eq. (2) implies that
x +1
f ( x) =
x −1
• Second, we have
g ( x) + g ( y ) + g ( xy ) =
2 + g ( x) g ( y )
Substituting x = y = 1
3g (1)= 2 + [ g (1)]2
⇒ g (1) = 2
1
Substituting, we have y =
x
1 1
g ( x) + g   + 2 = 2 + g ( x) g  
 x  x
1 1
⇒ g ( x) + g   = g ( x) ⋅ g  
 
x  x
Therefore, we have
g ( x) = 1 + x n
⇒ g (4) =+
1 4n =17
⇒n= 2
⇒ g ( x) =
1 + x2
x +1
• lim f ( x) = lim . Therefore,
x →1 x →1x −1
2−h 2+h
LHS = lim = −∞ and RHS = lim = ∞
h →0 − h h →0 h
from which is clear that

LHS ≠ RHS
Answer: (C)
(ii) The number of real solutions of the equation ( g  f )( x) = 2 is
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 0 (D) infinite
Solution
We have
( x + 1)2
g  f ( x) =
1+ =
2
( x − 1)2
Therefore,
( x + 1)2
=1
( x − 1)2
( x + 1)2 =( x − 1)2
4x = 0 ⇒ x = 0
Hence, the total number of real solution is only one.
Answer: (A)
(iii) The number of discontinuities of g  f is

(A) 2 (B) 4
(C) 3 (D) 1
Solution
( x + 1)2
g  f ( x) = 1 +
( x − 1)2
2( x 2 + 1)
=
( x − 1)2
Hence, g  f ( x) is discontinuous at x = 1.
Answer: (D)
ASSERTION–REASONING TYPE QUESTIONS
In the following set of questions, Statement I is given and a corresponding Statement II is given just below it.
Mark the correct answer as:
(A) Both Statements I and II are true and Statement II is a correct explanation Statement I.
(B) Both Statements I and II are true but Statement II is not a correct explanation for Statement I.
(C) Statement I is true and Statement II is false.
(D) Statement I is false and Statement II is true.
1
1. Statement I: f :(0,1) →  defined by f ( x) = is a bounded function.
x
Statement II: Every continuous function defined on a closed interval is bounded.
Solution
1
We have f(x) = . The range is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). Therefore, f(x) is not a bounded function whereas
x
every continuous function defined on a close interval is bonded.
Answer: (D)
2. Statement I: If −1< x 1, then lim x n =0.
x →0
Statement II: For n ≥ 3, − x ≤ x ≤ x 2 where −1< x <1.

2 n
Solution
As x > −1, for lim x n = 0 , Statement I is true. Statement II is also true for the given condition.
x →0
Answer: (A)
3. Statement I: Let
 1
 x sin , x ≠ 0
f ( x) =  x
 0, x = 0
Then f is continuous at x = 0 .
Statement II: Let a∈  . In a neighbourhood of a two functions f and g are defined such that
lim f ( x) = 0 and g ( x) is bounded. Then lim f ( x) g ( x) = 0 . (Hint: See Corollary 1.3.)
x→a x→a
Solution
We have
lim f ( x)= 0 × (Bounded function)

x →0
=0
f (0) = 0
which implies that f ( x) is continuous at x = 0 and hence Statement I is true. Statement II is the
correct explanation of Statement I.
Answer: (A)
n
n(n + 1)
4. Statement I: If n is a positive integer, then ∑ k = .
k =1 2
Statement II:
 n +1  nθ
sin  θ sin
sin θ + sin 2θ + sin 3θ +  + sin nθ = 
2  2
sin(θ / 2)
 sin θ 
and lim 
θ →0  θ
 =1

Solution
According to Statement I, we have

n(n + 1)
1+ 2 + 3 ++ n =
2
which is true. According to Statement II, we have
 sin θ  1
lim  =
θ →0  2θ  2
which is false.
Answer: (B)
5. Statement I: If f and g are continuous at x = a, then h(x) = max[ f ( x), g ( x)] is also continuous at
x = a.
1 1
Statement II: max( f , g )= ( f + g) + f − g
2 2
Solution
As f and g are continuous at x = a, then h (x) which is function of f and g is also continuous
function. Therefore, Statement I is true and Statement II is the formula used to find the maximum of
any two functions; hence, Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I.
Answer: (A)
6. Statement II: Let
 1
sin for ≠ 0
f ( x) =  x
 0 for x = 0
Then f is discontinuous at x = 0.
Statement II: f assumes all values between −1 and 1 both inclusive.
Solution
1 1
As lim sin is discontinuous at x = 0, Statement I is true. That is, as the graph of y = sin is
x →0 x x
between −1 to 1 as x = 0, f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0. Since in Statement II, it is given that f(x)
assumes all values between −1 to 1 both inclusive, Statement II is not the correct explanation of
Statement I.
Answer: (B)
7. Statement I: Suppose f is continuous on the closed interval [0, 2] and that f (0) = f (2). Then there
=
exist x, y in [0, 2] such that =
f ( x) f ( y ) and y − x 1.
Statement II: If g is continuous on a closed interval [a, b] and g (a) g (b) < 0, then g ( x) varies for
some value in [a, b].
Hint: Consider g ( x)= f ( x + 1) − f ( x) on [0,1] to prove Statement I.
Solution
This is based on Lagrange’s mean value theorem. Here, f(x) is continuous on the interval [0, 2] and
also differentiable in [0, 2]. Hence, there exists a point where f′ (x) = 0.
Answer: (A)
 x if x is rational
8. Statement 1: Let f ( x) = 
0 if x is irrational.
Then f is continuous at x = 0 and discontinuous at all x = 0.
Statement 2: A function g is continuous at x0 ∈[a, b] if and only if for any sequences ( xn ) of real
numbers in [a, b] xn → x0 as n → ∞ implies
(Hint: If x0 ∈ IR, then there exist sequences of rational an irrationals tending to x0 )
Solution
The statements are self-explanatory. Both statements are correct and Statement II is correct
explanation of Statement I.
INTEGER ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
πx
tan
1. lim(2 − x) 2 =
e k where k is 
x →1
Solution
We have
π x 
tan  
lim (2 − x)  2 
=
ek
x →1
Therefore,
π x  π x 
tan   tan  
lim (2 − x) = lim (1 − ( x − 1)
 2   2 
x →1 x →1
π x 
 
2 tan 
2 
x
 
= lim [1 − ( x − 1)] 2
x →1
= e2
Hence, k = 2.
Answer: 2
 3  2
lim 1 −  lim 1 − 
x →∞  x  x →∞  x  1
2. If = l , then is 
 
3  
3 l
lim   − lim   + 2
x →∞  x 2  x →∞  x 
Solution
We have
 3  2
lim 1 −  lim 1 − 
x →∞
 x  x →∞
 x =l
 3 3
lim  2  − lim   + 2
 
x →∞ x
 
x →∞ x
That is,
1×1 1
=l =
0−0+2 2
Therefore,
1
=2
l
Answer: 2
3. If f :(a, ∞) → IR is a function such that lim ( x f ( x=) l , l ∈IR, then lim f ( x) is equal to 
x →∞ x →∞
Solution
We have
lim [ xf ( x)] = l
x →∞
x( f ) = l
l
f ( x) =
x
Therefore,
l
lim f ( x=
) = 0
x →∞ x
Answer: 0
4. Let f ( x) = 2− x and g ( x) = e x for all x∈IR. Then lim ( f  g )( x) equals 
x →∞
Solution
We have
f(x) = 2−x and g ( x) = e x
Therefore,
f  g ( x) = 2− e
x
−∞
lim f  g =
( x) 2= 0
x →∞
Answer: 0
 1
5. lim 2 x 2 1 − cos  is equal to 
x →∞  x
1
(Hint: put x = )
θ
Solution
We have
 1
lim 2 x 2 1 − cos 
x →∞  x
1
Substituting x = , we get
4
2
lim (1 − cos y )
y →0 y2
sin 2 y 2
lim ⋅ =
1
y →0 y 2
1 + cos y
Answer: 1
1
=
6. If a lim(cos x + sin x) x , then integer part of a is 
x →0
(Hint: Show that a = e )
Solution
a = lim(cos x + sin x)1/ x = lim(1 + cos x + sin x − 1)1/ x

x →0 x →0
(cos x + sin x −1)
(cos x + sin x −1)
a = lim(1 + cos x + sin x − 1)
x →0
cos x + sin x −1
a = lim e x
x →0
sin x 1− cos x
−
= lim e x x
x →0
= lim
= e1−0 e
x →0
[a=
] [e=
] 2
Answer: 2
1
 1 + f ( x)  x 2
7. Let f ( x) =a0 + a1 x + a2 x + a4 x + a5 x + a6 x where a0 , a1 ,.... a 6 are real and a6 ≠ 0. If lim 
3 4 5 6
 =e ,
x →0  x3 
4
then ∑ a6 is equal to 
i=0
Solution
f ( x) =a0 + a1 x + a2 x3 + a4 x 4 + a5 x5 + a6 x 6
1 + f ( x) 1 + a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 +  + a6 x
=
x3 x3
For finite limits,
1 + a0 = 0, a1 = 0, a2 = 0, a3 = 1
1 + f ( x)  a4 x 4 + a5 x5 + a6 x 6 
= 1 + 
x3  x3 
=(1 + a4 x + a5 x 2 + a6 x 6 )
Therefore,
1 a x + a5 x 2 + a6 x3
1/ x × 4
1 + f ( x )  3 a4 x + a5 x 2 + a6 x3
=(1 + a4 x + a5 x + a6 x )
2 x
lim
x →0 
 x3 

= e a4 ⇒ a4 = 2
Now
4
∑ ai = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 + a4
i =0
=−1 + 0 + 0 + 1 + 2
=2
Answer: 2
 2 x + 23 − x − 6 
8. lim   is equal to 
x→2  −x 1− x 
 2 − 2 
Solution
We have
2 x + 23− x − 6
lim
x →2
2− x − 21− x
−x
Substituting 2 = y, we get
1
+ 8⋅ y − 6
y 8 y2 − 6 y + 1
lim = lim
y→
1 y − 2. y y → − y ⋅ y (2 y − 1)
1
4 4
(2 y − 1)(4 y − 1)
= lim
y→
1 − y y ⋅ (2 y − 1)
4
−(2 y − 1)(2 y + 1)
= lim
1 y y
y→
4
1
⋅2
= 2= 8
1 1
⋅
4 2
Answer: 8
9. Let x1 = 3 and xn +=
1 2 + xn for n ≥1. Then lim xn exists and is equal to 
x →∞
Solution
We have
lim xn = 2
x →∞
Therefore, x=
2 2 + x1 = 5 and =
x3 2 + 5 . That is,
y =xn = 2 + 2 + 2 + ....∞
Therefore,
y2 = 2 + y = y – 2 = 0
That is,
y2 – 2 y + y – 2 =
0
Therefore,
( y – 2)( y + 1) =
0
That is, y = 2.
Answer: 2
 3e x + 2e x 
10. lim  x  is 
x →∞ e + 3e − x 
 
Solution
 
ex  3+ 2 
lim x  =5
 1 + 3
x →∞ e

 e2 x 
Answer: 5
3x
 1 1
1 
2x 3 x 
+  + 3x
 2 
11. lim   is 
x→∞
 3 
 
 
Solution
 1/ x  3 1/ x 1/ x   3
1/ x 
2 +   + 3   1/ x   − 1 1/ x 
2 2 −1  2  3 − 1
lim  = − 1 3x lim exp  + +
x →∞  3  x →∞  1/ x 1/ x 1/ x 
   
   
 3 
exp  log 2 + log + log 3 
 2 
=
exp(log 9 e=
log 9
) 9
12. Let f ( x) = max{x, x 2 }. Then the number of points at which f is not continuous is 
Solution
f ( x) = max{x, x 2 }.
From the following figure, we have
 x2 x<0

= x 0 ≤ x <1
 2
x x ≥1
f(x) is everywhere continuous and hence the number of points at which f is not continuous is 0.
Answer: 0

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Solutions to Exercises

SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE QUESTIONS

Hence, it is clear that the domain is . Therefore,

(−3, ∞) − {−1, −2}

(C) 1005 (D) 1006

5 x 2 −18. If n = p(4), then

Hence, p ( x) = x 2 – 9 . If n = p(4), then

We can write that

9. Let f be a real-valued function satisfying the relation

Total number of solutions is 2. Now,

Therefore, the range is

Case 1: If x = 0 and f(x) = 0, we have

Case 2: If x = 1 and f(x) = 1, we have

lim g  f ( x) =lim1 + sin 2 h =1

14. Let f ( x)= 2 x 4 − x 2 + x − 5. Then lim f ( x) is

(A) 1/2 (B) 1/3

P : f is continuous for all real x.

Also since f (0) = −1

21. Let f :  →  be defined by

f (x) is continuous at all real values of x except x = 5/2

23. Consider the function f (x) = 25 − x 2 on the interval [ − 5, 0].

It is clear that f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.

We know that (a)∞, where a < 1 = 0. Therefore,

Now, let us check the continuity at x = 0:

From the above, it is clear that LHL ≠ RHL. So f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.

Using the given data, that is, taking limit n → ∞, we get

(C) d/a1 (D) 1/da1

We know that it can be written as

40. f :  →  is a function satisfying the relation f [ f ( x)] − f ( x) = ax + b ∀ x ∈  where a ≠ 0. Then the

41. lim (n!)−1/ n =

Using L-Hospital’s rule, we have

(A) 1/2 (B) 1/ 2

47. Let A and B be real constants and

54. Let f :  →  be a function satisfying f ( x) + 2 f (1 − x) = x 2 + 2 for all x∈ . Then lim f ( x ) is

Eq. (1) − [2 × Eq. (2)] implies that

(C) 1/2 (D) does not exist

(A) log 10 (B) 2 log 10

(C) lim f ( x) =1 (D) lim f ( x) = 0

63. lim  cos ⋅ cos

We have cos θ ⋅ cos 2θ ⋅ cos 22 θ  n terms, therefore,

(A) e (B) 1/e

Answer: (A), (D)

Answer: (B), (C), (D)

= lim(1 + cos h + sin h − 1)− cosech

= lim e(1−cos h −sin h )/sin h

(C) lim[ f ( x)] =1

Hence, lim[ f ( x)] = 1 2

5. f :  ×  →  is a function satisfying the relation

Then f is defined as x belongs to

(A) If x ≥ 1, then f ( x) = x 2 is even function.

(B) If x ∈ ( −1,1) , then

So f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1. Also

So f(x) is discontinuous at x = −1.

8. Which of the following are true?

These imply that lim f ( x) does not exist.

(E) For x = y, we have f (x + x) = f (x) + f (x) ⇒ f (2x) = 2 f (x). Hence, f (x) = 2x

Answer: (A), (B), (C), (D)

(A) f is continuous at x = 1/3

max[ x 2 , ( x − 1) 2 , 2 x(1 − x)] = 2 x(1 − x)

Answer: (A), (B), (D)

We know that x – [ x] = {x}

Answer: (A), (B), (C), (D)

1. Match the items of Column I with those of Column II.