Conducts Surveys,

Experiments or
Observations
English 12

Submitted by

___________
Irish Barcial

Submitted to

___________
Ms. Chatherine Sombillo

S.Y

2019-2020
 Writing the Report Survey / Field Report Laboratory / Scientific Technical Report

PURPOSE:

to understands the principles and uses of surveys, experiments and scientific

observations.

 is used to communicate the findings of the research.

 The report should recount the entire story — what the goals of the examination
were.

 Survey reports make recommendations based on a careful analysis of data

tallied and organized from survey findings.

 Lab reports provide a formal record of an experiment.

 Lab reports are composed to portray and examine a research facility analyze
that investigates a logical idea.

 A technical report is an archive that requirements diverse ways to deal with

information accumulation and treatment.

 Technical reports portray the procedure, advance, or aftereffects of specialized

or logical research.

 A technical report also contains:

Background of the Study Relevant Literature Methods, Materials, and

Participants Results and Discussion Conclusion.

Conducts Surveys/w h y s h o u l d w e c o n d u c t s u r v e y ?

Collecting information about the behaviors, needs, and opinions

using surveys. Surveys can be used to find out attitudes and reactions, to measure
client satisfaction, to gauge opinions about various issues, and to add credibility to your
research. You can use surveys to measure ideas or opinions about community issues related to your
initiative.

W H AT A R E S U R V E Y S ?
 a way of collecting information that you hope represents the views of the whole
community or group in which you are interested. Surveys are a primary source of
information -- that is, you directly ask someone for a response to a question, rather than
using any secondary sources like written records.

T H E R E AR E T H R E E M AI N W AY S O F G O I N G AB O U T T H I S :
Case study surveys

 collect information from a part of a group or community without trying to

choose them for overall representation of the larger population
 only provide specific information about the community studied
 need to conduct several of these to get a sense of how the larger
community would respond to your survey

Sampled surveys
 For the sample to accurately represent the larger group, it must be
carefully chosen
 ask a sample portion of a group to answer the questions/surveys the
results for the sample will reflect the results you would have gotten by
surveying the entire group.

Census surveys
 give the survey questionnaire to every member of the population you want
to learn about
 will give you the most accurate information about the group
 not be very practical for large groups
 best done with smaller groups -- all of the clients of a particular agency, for
example, as opposed to all of the citizens of a city.

Surveys collect information in as uniform a manner as possible -- asking each

respondent the same questions in the same way so as to insure that the answers are
most influenced by the respondents' experiences, not due to how the interviewer words
the questions.

Deciding whether to conduct a survey

You will need to decide whether a survey will produce the information you need. The
information you need may be obtained through other means, such as informal
unstructured conversation that takes place in the course of another activity; census
figures; meeting with people in the community; interviews; or observation.
A SURVEY MAY BE YOUR BEST CHOICE W HEN:

 You need a quick and efficient way of getting information

 You need to reach a large number of people
 You need statistically valid information about a large number of people
 The information you need isn't readily available through other means

Written surveys: Pros and Cons

Advantages of written surveys:

 Large numbers of people can give their input

 Low cost
 People can respond at their convenience
 Avoids interviewer bias
 Provides a written record
 Easy to list or tabulate responses
 Wide range of respondents
 No training needed as with interviewing

Disadvantages of written surveys:

 Often has low return rate

 Limited alternative expression of respondent's reaction
 Depends on the selected sample
 May not truly represent of the whole group
 Respondent may skip sections

DECIDE ON THE PURPOS E OF THE SURVEY.

If you have decided to do a survey, you must first be sure exactly why you're doing it.
What questions do you want to answer?
Is it to get a general idea of the demographics of your area?
To find out what people think about a particular issue or idea?
Or is there another reason you're considering a survey?

Example: 1997 Youth Risk Behavioral Survey purpose

The Youth Risk Behavioral Survey (or YRBS) is done annually by the Centers for
Disease Control to identify behaviors that pose health risks among young people in
America. We will be using the 1997 and 1999 YRBS for examples in this section.
The CDC decided its purpose in this survey was to track the health risk behaviors that
cause the most deaths among youth. Also, many of those behaviors are included in the
survey because they begin in youth and continue into adulthood, having significant
impact on adult health later on. Here are some of the behaviors the YRBS attempts to
measure:
  Behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries (like not using a
safety belt when driving)
 Tobacco use
 Alcohol and other drug use
 Sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually
transmitted diseases, including HIV
 Unhealthy dietary behaviors
 Physical inactivity

Observations
Observations of Earth's surface may be made from the land surface or from space.
Many important observations are made by orbiting satellites, which have a bird's eye
view of how the planet is changing.

 used to collect data when it is not possible for practical or ethical reasons to
perform experiments

 person to make observations

Experiments
 Answering some questions requires experiments
 a test that may be performed in the field or in a laboratory
 must always done under controlled conditions
 goal is to verify or falsify a hypothesis.
 must have a control group, is not subjected to the independent variable
ex.
if you want to test if Vitamin C prevents colds, you must divide your sample group
up so that some receive Vitamin C and some do not. Those who do not receive
the Vitamin C are the control group.

In an experiment, it is important to change only one factor. All other factors must be kept
the same.

 Independent variable: The factor that will be manipulated.

 Dependent variable: The factors that depend on the independent variable.

 Testing a hypothesis requires data. Data can be gathered by observations or by

experiments.
  Observations can be done simply by looking at and measuring a phenomenon, or
by using advanced technology.

 Experiments must be well-designed. They must be done under controlled

conditions and with the manipulation of only one variable.

Definition

Technical Report/ Scientific Report. A document that describes the process,

progress, or results of technical or scientific research or the state of
a technical or scientific research problem.

Field report. In the social sciences is to describe the observation of people, places,
and/or events and to analyze that observation data in order to identify and categorize
common themes in relation to the research problem underpinning the study.

Reference

http://angelikapapio.blogspot.com/2018/05/assignment-7_7.html

https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-
resources/conduct-surveys/main

https://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Earth-Science-Concepts-For-High-School/section/1.6/

https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/fieldreport