PHILIPPINE POLITICS & GOVERNMENT
Citizenship – a membership in a political
community which is personal and more or less
permanent in character.
Nationality – refers to membership in any class
or form of political community; does not
necessarily include the right or privilege of
exercising civil or political rights; the
conferment by law of citizenship to a foreigner
after he has fulfilled all prescribed conditions.
Citizen – people who enjoy civil or political
rights; owes allegiance and is entitled to the
country’s protection.
Alien – a foreigner and not a citizen of the
country; may enjoy civil rights but not political.
Section 1, Article IV of the 1987 Constitution
1. Those who are citizens of the
Philippines at the time of the adoption
2. Fathers and mothers are citizen
3. Born before January 17, 1973, of
Filipino mother, who elect Philippine
Citizenship upon reaching the age of
majority
4. Those who are naturalized according
with the law
Natural-born Citizens of the Philippines –
citizens of the Philippines from birth without
having to perform any act to acquire or perfect
their citizenship (Section 2, Article IV)
The following should be Natural-born
Filipino Citizens:
1. The President and Vice-President
2. Members of the House Representatives
3. Members of the Senate
4. Members of the Supreme Court
5. Members of the Constitutional
Commission
6. The Ombudsman
Modes of Acquiring Citizenship:
1. By birth
2. By naturalization
Citizenship by Birth:
1. Jus sanguinis – “law of blood”,
citizenship the same as his/her parents
2. Jus soli – “law of soil”, citizenship
within the land he/she was born
Natural-born Citizen – one who is already a
citizen of the state at the time of birth.
Naturalized Citizen – one who is a citizen of
one country and who through an intervening act
becomes a citizen of another country.
Loss and Reacquisition of Philippine
Citizenship (Section 3, Article IV)
Expatriation – an act when a citizen gives up or
loses his citizenship.
1. By naturalization in a foreign country
2. By expressed renunciation of citizenship
3. By rendering services to the armed
forces of another country
4. By cancellation of certificate
5. By having been declared a deserter
unless pardoned
6. By subscribing an oath of allegiance to
another country
7. By marriage (of a woman) to a foreigner
Repatriation – an act of reacquiring or
returning to one’s original citizenship; lost
citizenship can be acquired through:
1. By naturalization
2. By repatriation
3. By legislation
Dual Citizenship – involuntary and legal;
occurs when a person is simultaneously
considered a national by two states.
Dual Allegiance – illegal; simultaneously owes
loyalty to two or more states.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
“The marketing strategy is the foundation of
a marketing plan.”
1. Who is producing similar products?
2. Where are the competitors placed?
3. What is the quality and price of their
products?
4. What can I do to make a new product
that is better than those of the
competitors?
5. Why would customers or consumers
want to change to a new product?
6. What offers or incentives do competitors
give to retailers?
7. What are competitors likely do if a new
product is introduced?
The 7 P’s in Business Industry
1. Product – appropriate and suitable for
the market and for the customers today
2. Price – to remain competitive, to
survive, and thrive in a fast-changing
marketplace
3. Promotion – includes telling ways to tell
customers about the products or services
and how to market and to sell
4. Place – where the product or service is
actually sold
5. Packaging – everything that the
customers can see from the first moment
of contact up until purchasing
6. Positioning – how the products are seen
and thought by the customers
7. People – the people inside and outside
of the business who are responsible for
every element of the sales, marketing
strategies, and activities
How to Develop a Brand Name
1. Decide what is going to be the brand –
is it a product, service, company, or
individual?
2. Do the research – find everything there
is to know about market then the
product/service
3. Position the product or service – find
and win a place by providing unique
solutions to problems or needs that
haven’t been addressed
4. Write the brand definition – what, why,
and how the offering is different and
better
5. Develop the name, logo, and tagline –
the names is the key, the logo is the
brandmark or symbol, and the tagline is
the memorable phrase
6. Launch the brand – the brand goes
public
7. Manage, leverage, and protect the
brand – “care and feeding phase” of the
branding process
8. Realign the brand to keep it current – a
need to update the brand presentation
Sales – the engine that powers Auto Salvage
yards.
Production – the drive train that gets us where
we are going.
4 M’s of Production
1. Method – Inventory Management
System; establish what is needed and
what is the inventor stock level
2. Manpower – what is the ideal number of
people this will take to perform these
methods
3. Machine – facilities, vehicles, and tools
4. Material – the materials needed are in
place to perform all parts of production
and they are conveniently placed to
minimize waste
Contents of Production or Technical
Feasibility
1. Production Planning
2. Raw Materials and Ingredients
3. Equipment Required
4. Packaging
5. Staffing Levels