MODULE 1 :

Fundamental Operation
on Fractions, Decimals,
and Percents
1. Fractions
2. Decimals
3. Percents
 WHAT IS
1.1 FRACTION FRACTION?

 Represents a part of a whole. Expressed

as a quotient of two quantities.
 E.g. Two seventh = 2/7 = 2 Numerator, N

7 Denominator, D
Kinds of fraction
Types Definition Examples
𝟏 𝟏𝟐
Proper fraction Numerator < denominator 𝟒 𝟒𝟎
Improper fraction Numerator = or > 𝟑𝟕 𝟏𝟒
denominator 𝟓 𝟑
Mixed number Whole number + proper 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟏
fraction 𝟑 𝟏𝟎
𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟐
Equivalent fractions Two fractions that have 𝟑 𝟔
the same values =
𝟒 𝟖
1.1 FRACTION Conversion
improper to
mixed

IMPROPER MIXED
Divide N by D as far as possible Multiply the whole number by D,
and express remainder as a proper fraction add N. Place the total over N.
SEATWORK:
Classify the following fractions and write P for Proper
fractions, IM for Improper fractions, MN for Mixed Number
and EF for Equivalent fractions.
𝟏𝟏 4. 𝟐𝟕
1.
𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟓

𝟏 𝟑
2. 𝟐 5.
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟕

3. 𝟓 6. 𝟏𝟐 𝟔
𝟐 =
𝟏𝟎 𝟓
1.1 FRACTION
OPERATION ON FRACTIONS
1. ADDITION & SUBTRACTION
Same Denominators
 Just add / minus the numerator over the common
denominator.
Different Denominators
 Find a common denominator, then add / minus and
simplified the answer to the lowest term.
LET’S HAVE SOME PRACTICE!
Add together:
2 3 1 2 3
a) + b) + +
8 8 2 3 4

3 5 4 1 3 7
c) ++ d) + +
15 15 15 5 10 15
LET’S HAVE SOME PRACTICE!
Subtract the following:
7 2 2 1
a) − b) −
8 8 3 4

3 1
14 2 d) −
c) − 4 5
15 15
 QUIZ TIME!
Answer the following indicated operations:
1+3 5+ 2
1) 1 2)
2 4 7 7

7 3 1 1
3) 4) 4 2
8 8 3 2

4 2
5)
5 6
 OPERATION ON FRACTIONS
MULTIPLICATION DIVISION
 Mixed fractions have to be  Change the division sign
converted into improper to multiplication.
fractions before multiply.
 Get the reciprocal of the
 Before you multiply, cross
divisor by interchanging
cancel.
p r pr numerator and
 = denominator.
q s q s
 p r p s p s
Multiply numerators, then  =  =
multiply the denominators. q s q r q r
 If possible, cross cancel
then multiply the
numerators and
denominators.
LET’S HAVE SOME PRACTICE!
Multiply the following:
2  3 3  2
a) b)3
3 4 4 3

4 3 1 
c)  d)3 2
5 4 4
LET’S HAVE SOME PRACTICE!
Divide the following:
7  2 1  3
a) b)4
8 3 4 4

1  1
c)15 1 1
2 4 d) 50 
5
LET’S HAVE SOME QUIZ!
Answer the following operations:
3
1) 300  2 2) 6
1 
5
3
4 2 4

 1 1  1
3) 25 1 4) 125 1
2 4 2
1.2 DECIMALS
❑Are numbers with decimal point and decimal places. A
decimal can also be defined as a fraction with unwritten
denominator of 10 or some power of 10.
❑Kinds of Decimals: Terminating Decimal and Non-
terminating Decimal.
❑TERMINATING DECIMAL is a decimal that ends or
terminates. (0.25, 1.80, 0.75)
❑NON-TERMINATING DECIMAL is a decimal that does
not end. (0.333333…. , 1.2456387291875……)
❑It is further classified as repeating non-terminating and
nonrepeating non-terminating.
Adding, Subtracting and Multiplying
Decimals
Find the sum:
a. 7.5 + 1.75
b. 0.75 + 6 + 0.345

Subtract the following decimals:

a. 5.5 – 1.75
b. 100 – 20.15

Multiply the following decimals:

a. 24.75 x 0.9
b. 1.75 x 2.25
Divide the following operations:
1. 0.12  5

2. 224  12.5
 WHAT IS
1.3 PERCENT PERCENT
?

 Express a quantity as the number of parts in 100 parts.

 Written as fraction, e.g. 20 percent = 20 % = 20/100 = 0.20
 Percentage is the result obtained by multiplying number
by percent. Then move dec. point 2 places to the right

Conversion:÷ 100% x 100%

Fractions Percentage Decimal

x 100% ÷ 100% Then move dec. point

2 places to the left
Changing Fractions to Decimal and Percent
Forms
3 7
a) b) 5
4 12
Changing Decimals to Fraction and Percent
Forms

a. 0.25

b. 1.5

c. 0.666…

d. 3.121212…
Changing Percents to Fraction and
Decimals Forms

a. 30%

b. 120%

c. 0.5%

d. 1.25%
Finding Percentage
-obtained by multiplying number by a percent.

Percentage :
P=BxR
P is the percentage given as a part of the base or total.
B is the base given as the total; and
R is the rate given as a percent or decimal.

Example:
a. What is the 80% of 50?
b. 60% of 150 is what number?
Finding the Base
-obtained by dividing the percentage by the rate.

Base:
B=P / R

Example:
a. 20% of what number is 12?
b. 225 is 90% of what number?
Finding the Rate
-obtained by dividing the percentage by the base.

Rate:
R=P / B

Example:
a. What percent of 60 is 40?
b. 120 is what percent of 150?
Answer the following operations:
1.) 13 861.07 - 2 943.87
2.) 195 740 x 0.03
3.) 16.276 + 290.3489

Express the ff. fractions in decimal and percent forms.

2 1
4.) 5 5.) 2
15