CERTIFICATE

On the basis of declaration submitted by Akshita Mishra (A8955718008),

student of B.Sc.(Hons.) Physics, Semester-III, Batch 2018-21, we hereby
certify that the project entitled “Luminescent properties of rare earth
doped strontium aluminate phosphors” which is submitted to the
Department Of Physics, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity
University Uttar Pradesh, in partial of fulfillment of the requirement for
award of the degree of Bachelor of Science in Physics (Hons.) is an original
contribution with existing knowledge and faithful record of work carried out
by her under our guidance and supervision. To the best of my knowledge this
work has not been submitted in part or full for any Degree or Diploma to this
University or elsewhere.

Lucknow
Date:

Dr. Asita Kulshreshtha

(HOD, Department of Physics)

Mrs. Usha Shukla

(Assistant Professor)
(Department of Physics)

Dr. Asita Kulsheshtra

Director
Amity School Applied Sciences
Amity University, Uttar Pradesh
Lucknow Campus

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 NTCC REPORT
ON
Luminescent properties of rare earth doped strontium aluminate
phosphors

Submitted to
Amity University Uttar Pradesh

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the HONOR’S

degree in

Bachelor of Science

Physics
By

AKSHITA MISHRA

Under the guidance of

Mrs. Usha Shukla

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
AMITY SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCES
AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH
LUCKNOW CAMPUS

JUNE 2019

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 PLAGIARISM DECLARATION

I Akshita Mishra, student of B.Sc. (Hons.) Physics, (3rd Semester) hereby

declares that the content presented in the report titled – “Luminescence
properties of rare earth doped strontium aluminate phosphors” is my
genuine work, I have checked the plagiarism of Thesis report and found the
non-unique content in this report is 14 % in accordance with the plagiarism
prevention policy. If any discrepancy is found I shall be solely responsible.

NAME:
Akshita Mishra
ENROLLMENT
NUMBER:
A8955718008
SIGNATURE:

ii
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
(Hons.) Physics
SEMESTER – III,
BATCH- 2018-2021

JUNE, 2019

i
ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The preparation of this NTCC titled “Luminescent properties of rare earth

doped strontium aluminate phosphors” demanded a lot of efforts from my
part; however, this work would not have been possible without the kind
support of many individuals. I would like to extend sincere thanks to all of
them. I am highly indebted to my guide Mrs. Usha shukla her guidance and
constant supervision. And I also extend my thanks to his for providing me
necessary information and support at every step during the competition of
this NTCC.

I would like to express my gratitude towards Dr.Asita Kulshreshtha, Head of

department of Physics, Amity school of Applied Sciences, for his kind co-
operation an encouragement which helped me in completion of this NTCC.

I would like express my deep sense of gratitude to the respected Pro-Vice

Chancellor and Director QAE of AMITY University, Lucknow Prof.
Dr.Sunil Dhaneshwar and Dr. Asita Kulsheshtra (Director ASAS) for
their valuable technical suggestion and constant encouragement.

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 DECLARATION

I Akshita Mishra, student of B.Sc. (H) Physics 3rd Sem, (2018-2021)

hereby declares that the NTCC report titled “ Luminescence Properties of
rare earth doped strontium aluminate phosphors” which is submitted by
me to the Department of physics, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity
University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow campus, in partial fulfillment of
requirement for the award of the degree in Bachelor of Science in
Physics(Hons.), has not been previously formed the basis for the award of
any degree, diploma or other similar title or recognition.
Lucknow
Date:

.…………………
Akshita Mishra

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ABSTRACT-

Phosphors owe their practical significance to their properties of engrossing episode

vitality and changing over it into obvious radiation. This marvel, known as luminescence,
is driven by electronic procedures in the material due to the Nearness of catching levels
made by the nearness of pollution particles or cross section surrenders. The report
includes the luminescence properties of phosphors and rare earth doped strontium
aluminates phosphors also it highlights the preparation of such luminescent materials.
The report contains five chapters.

The first chapter highlights the luminescence process in general terms and also it
explains the types of luminescence. The second chapter deals with the applications of
luminescence in different aspects. The third chapter explains the luminescent material

phosphor, its applications and preparation by different techniques.

The fourth chapter deals with the origin and the preparation of rare earth doped
strontium aluminates phosphors. The final chapter highlights the basic properties of rare

earth doped strontium aluminates phosphors.

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INTRODUCTION

Luminescence is unconstrained emission of light by a substance that is not coming about

because of warmth; it is likewise called as a cold light, it is hence a type of cold-body
radiation. It very well may be brought about by compound responses, electrical vitality,
subatomic movements or weight on a precious stone. This recognizes iridescence from
brilliance, which is light discharged by a substance because of warming. Verifiably,
radioactivity was thought of as a type of "radio-glow", in spite of the fact that it is today
viewed as independent since it includes more than electromagnetic radiation.

UV-photoluminescence in the microbiological diagnostics the dials, hands, scales, and

indications of flying and navigational instruments and markings are regularly covered
with luminescent materials in a procedure known as "luminising".

FIG.1. A luminescent material

TYPES OF LUMINESCENCE-

Following are the types of luminescence-

1. Chemiluminescence, the discharge of light because of a substance response.

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2. Bioluminescence, an aftereffect of biochemical responses in a living life form.

3. Electrochemiluminescence, an aftereffect of an electrochemical response.

4. Lyoluminescence, an aftereffect of dissolving a strong (for the most part intensely lighted) in
a fluid dissolvable

5. Candoluminescence is light discharged by specific materials at raised temperatures, which

varies from the blackbody emanation expected at the temperature being referred to.

6. Crystalloluminescence, delivered during the process of crystallization.

7. Electroluminescence, it is a consequence of the electric flow went through the substance.

8. Cathodoluminescence, it is a consequence of a luminescent material that is being struck by

electrons

9. Mechanoluminescence, a consequence of a mechanical activity on a strong

10. Triboluminescence is produced when bonds in a material are broken when that material is
damaged, squashed, or scoured.

11 . Fractoluminescence, is produced when bonds in specific precious stones are separated in

parts by breaks

12 .Piezoluminescence, delivered by the activity of weight on certain solids.

13. Sonoluminescence, a consequence of imploding rises in a fluid when energized by sound

14. Photoluminescence, a consequence of retention of photons

15. Fluorescence, photoluminescence because of singlet–singlet electronic unwinding (ordinary

lifetime: nanoseconds)

16. Glow, photoluminescence because of triplet–singlet electronic unwinding (run of the mill
lifetime: milliseconds to hours)

17. Raman outflow, photoluminescence because of inelastic light dispersing, (lifetime:

nanoseconds)

18. Radioluminescence, a consequence of barrage by ionizing radiation

19. Thermoluminescence, the re-outflow of retained vitality when a substance is heated.

20. Cryoluminescence,is the outflow of light when article is cooled (a case of wulfenite)

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APPLICATIONS OF LUMINESCENCE-
1. Light-producing diodes (LEDs) transmit light by means of electro-luminescence.

2. Phosphors, materials that produce light when illuminated by higher-vitality electromagnetic

radiation or molecule radiation

3 .Laser, and light industry

4. Phosphor thermometry, estimating temperature utilizing glow

5. It is used in thermoluminescence dating

6. It is also used in thermoluminescent dosimeter

7.Non-problematic perception of procedures inside a cell.

Luminescence happens in certain minerals when they are presented to low-controlled

wellsprings of bright or infrared electromagnetic radiation (for instance, compact UV lights), at
air weight and climatic temperatures. This property of these minerals can be utilized during the
procedure of mineral ID at shake outcrops in the field, or in the research facility.

PHOSPHORS-
Phosphor, strong material that discharges light, or luminance, when presented to radiation, for
example, bright light or an electron bar. A huge number of phosphors have been blended, every
one having its own trademark shade of emanation and timeframe during which light is
transmitted after excitation stops. At the point when certain phosphors luminescence from
electron excitation, the procedure is called electroluminescence, and these phosphors are
utilized in the generation of TV screens and PC screens. Phosphors energized by bright, obvious,
and infrared radiation are utilized chiefly in the purported fluorescent lights regularly utilized
for general brightening.

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 FIG.2. Phosphors for trichromatic lamps

PREPARATION OF PHOSPHORS-
Phosphors discover wide scope of uses in the field of individual dosimetry, natural checking,
medicinal dormitory, dating and geography. The initial step of phosphor readiness is the
advancement of precious stones of reasonable materials experiencing the change bit by bit
consistently and ceaselessly looses their arbitrary character and accomplishes crystalline strong
character so gems are developed over the span of stage progress. This is done within the sight
of activator particles so the particles get join in the gem cross section as dopant in certain
extent. At present, different strategies for phosphor arrangement, for example, co-
precipitation, corrosive dissipation (recrystallisation), strong state amalgamation, dissolve
method are being utilized. A concise depiction of these strategies is given underneath.

1. CO- PRECIPITATION METHOD-

This strategy is utilized when the reactants are solvent in the vehicle of precipitation, for the
most part water. Distinct centralization of reactants together with the activator is combined
under appropriate pH and temperature conditions and the accelerate framed is isolated,
washed, dried and strengthened at reasonable temperature.

2. RECRYSTALLISATION-
The procedure includes the moderate dissipation of soaked arrangement of the material to be
solidified wherein fitting measures of dopants are included. Salt halide precious stones are

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developed by this strategy. For substances, which don't break down in water, another
procedure known as corrosive vanishing is generally utilized.

3. SOLID STATE SYNTHESIS-

The procedure includes a change starting with one strong stage then onto the next joined by an
adjustment in precious stone structure of the reactants included. The strong state union is the
most normally utilized strategy utilized for the arrangement of fine polycrystalline powders. In
this strategy, the ideal phosphor is incorporated by direct blending of the constituent oxides
with dopants and after that terminating at high temperatures. This strategy includes a
progression of blending, crushing and warming cycles.

4. MELT TECHNIQUE-
The best strategy for the planning of enormous single gems comprises of developing the
precious stones from meld. When contrasted with vapor or arrangement technique, huge
development rate are conceivable here in light of the fact that the strong is in consistent touch
with its very own atoms and there is no nearness of dissolvable, sullying isn't an issue.
Consequently, precious stones of high immaculateness can be gotten from non-receptive
framework. The technique is appropriate just if the materials soften harmoniously and without
irreversible deterioration. This strategy is liked to develop soluble base halide gems, as their
dissolving focuses are not exceptionally high (beneath 1000'c). Both indistinct and crystalline
phosphors are incorporated utilizing this strategy.

Above techniques are widely used for the preparation of phosphors.

ORIGIN OF RARE EARTH DOPED STRONTIUM ALUMINATE PHOSPHORS-

Earthenware colors transmitting long radiance have huge potential for rising lighting
applications that devour zero vitality from the power framework. One of the most productive
mixes is strontium aluminate, when co-doped with 2 uncommon earth components — an
optically dynamic producer, for example, Eu2+, and an assistant particle, for example, Dy3+—
and B. Until now, spectrophotometric techniques are regularly used to decide the material
structure supporting long glimmer, yielding aberrant proof of vitality move between the
uncommon earth co-dopants. Here, nuclear goals HAADF-STEM imaging is utilized to determine
segments of Sr sub-grid destinations in the (012)- projection of a Sr4Al14O25:Eu,Dy single
precious stone. Through quantitative STEM picture recreations, substantial uncommon earth
dopants are appeared to join substitutionally into Sr locales, causing an improvement in picture
differentiate over that of neighboring nuclear segments by 125%. DFT basic reproductions show

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that Eu2+ and Dy3+ would fuse into contiguous Sr cross section locales along the , empowering
vitality move between them that we see as glimmer. With the assistance of nuclear goals
HAADF-STEM imaging, we likewise give direct test proof of grouping of ionic point deformities
prompted by B doping, prompting incredibly long (>14 h) glimmer in strontium aluminate
phosphors.

PREPARATION OF RARE EARTH DOPED STRONTIUM ALUMINATE PHOSPHORS-

The uncommon earth doped fiber with ghastly blue-move dependent on wide
phosphorescence luminescent materials SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphors and a natural cationic
photoinitiators-triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate (TSHF) within the sight of polypropylene
substrate (PP) was set up by soften turning process. Checking electron microscopy (SEM),
infrared spectroscopy (IR), radiance properties and glow properties were tried. The aftereffects
of SEM and FTIR spectra demonstrated that the fiber comprised of sporadic particles and had
autonomous auxiliary constitution of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphors, TSHF and polypropylene.
Besides, it was seen that there existed the most astounding glimmer introductory power for the
fiber with the TSHF centralization of 5 wt %. All the more strangely, the outflow pinnacle moved
to blue territory bit by bit as the TSHF doping expanded. The uncommon earth doped fiber was
appropriated on blue light region in the CIE 1931 chromaticity chart, which indicated more clear
blue-move marvel than the yellow-green light of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphors.

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 FIG.3. Strontium aluminate powder

LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF RARE EARTH DOPED STRONTIUM ALUMINATE

PHOSPHORS-
Glow materials have been generally examined by numerous analysts because of their
extraordinary potential for gadget applications. The potential applications, for example,
iridescent paints, crisis signs, and more, request phosphors with characteristics like enduring
glimmer, high radiance force and substance soundness . Along these lines enduring phosphors,
for example, Eu and Dy doped silicates and aluminates have stood out for researchers because
of their great luminescent properties: dependable glimmer, high quantum productivity and
great synthetic security. The iridescence rot time differs contingent upon the sort of the
aluminate, for instance, Sr4Al14O25: Eu, Dy is a phosphor with more than 20 hour
phosphorescence and the radiance pinnacle is at 490 nm . The properties of strontium
aluminates phosphors unequivocally rely upon material arrangement. Numerous articles depict
the various conceivable combination techniques for these phosphors, for example burning
technique, co-precipitation technique, and sol-gel strategy and so on. The commonplace strong
state response procedure has been utilized seriously for phosphor combination, yet this
procedure has some significant detriments. It regularly brings about poor homogeneity because
of unreacted parts and requires high response temperature to get high dissemination rates just
as little molecule estimates in the beginning materials to diminish dispersion length. Besides,
for certain applications exceptionally little grain powders are essential, yet oh, the grain size of
phosphor powders arranged through strong state response technique is in a few many

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micrometers. Phosphors of little particles must be acquired by pounding the bigger phosphor
particles .Those procedures effectively present extra deformities and incredibly diminish
radiance effectiveness. Additionally, warming in air can prompt the advancement of
superfluous oxygen mixes, which prompts the requirement for diminishing or nonpartisan
climate for the response (more often than not about 1400o in H2 + N2 or N2 climates), which
makes the requirement for indicated costly heaters.

CONCLUSION-
Phosphors owe their down to earth significance to their properties of retaining occurrence
vitality and changing over it into obvious radiation. This process, known as luminescence , is
driven by electronic procedures in the material because of the nearness of catching levels made
by the nearness of polluting influence molecules or grid abandons. The investigation of
assimilation and emanation attributes of a phosphor empowers the comprehension of
electronic vitality levels and, thus, the plan of phosphors of functional importance.

REFERENCES-

1. Journal of rare earths (2017) - “preparation and luminescence properties of

rare earth doped fiber with spectral blue shift.”
2. IOP conference series: materials science and engineering, 2012- “the
luminescent properties of persistent strontium aluminate phosphor
prepared by solar induced solid state synthesis”.
3. Student paper submitted to Birla institute of technology and science pilani.
4. Student paper submitted to King Saud University.

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