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SUBJECT CODE
DAC 31401
EXPERIMENT CODE
MAS1
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN
EXPERIMENT TITTLE
DEMAND (BOD)
COURSE CODE
2 DAA
KOD ETIKA PELAJAR
(KEP)
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
PUSAT PENGAJIAN DIPLOMA
UTHM
Saya dengan ini mengaku bahawa saya telah menyediakan laporan ini dengan daya usaha
saya sendiri. Saya juga mengaku tidak menerima atau memberi sebarang bantuan dalam
menyediakan laporan ini dan membuat ikrar ini dengan kepercayaan bahawa apa-apa yang
tersebut di dalamnya adalah benar.
___________________________
Tandatangan Pelajar
Nama : ________________________
Tarikh :_________________________
CENTER OF DIPLOMA STUDY PAGE NO: 1/4
1.0 OBJECTIVE
To measures the strength of the water sample ( water, wastewater, etc) based on the amount of
oxygen needed to stabilize the organic matter in the sample.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
i) the student be able to describe the importance of BOD in the environmental studies.
ii) the students be able to measure the BOD of samples with the right sample size.
______________________________________________________________________________
3.0 THEORY
Biochemical Oxygen Demand is a common, environmental procedure for determining the extent to
which oxygen within a sample can support microbial life. This method is popular in many
environmental laboratories analyzing waste water, compost, sludge, and soil samples.
When a measurement is made of all oxygen consuming materials in a sample, the result is termed
“ Total Biochemical Oxygen demand “ ( TBOD ) , or often just simply “ Biochemical Oxygen Demand
“
(BOD). Because the test is performed over a five day period, it is often referred to as a
“ five Day BOD “, or a BOD5.
In addition, this procedure is only suitable for samples void of serious matrix interferences. To gain a
broader appreciation of oxygen demand, additional avenues of interest may be explored including
CBOD (carbonaceous oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), and TOC (total organic
carbon).
Because of complications measuring this ultimate BOD (BOD u), BODu is usually extrapolated from
laboratory 5-day BOD bottle tests BODt = BODu ( 1 – e-kt )
In many biological treatment plants, the facility effluent large numbers of nitrifying organisms which
are developed during the treatment process. These organisms can exert an oxygen demand as they
convert nitrogenous compounds (ammonia and organic nitrogen) to more stable forms (nitrites and
nitrates). At least part of this oxygen demand is normally measured in a five day BOD.
9. Magnesium Sulfate
Dissolve 22.5g MgSO4.7H2O and dilute to one liter.
NOTE: To prepare dilution water, add one mL of each of the four solutions listed above to one liter of
deionized water. Saturate with DO by drawing a vacuum through the solution.
5.0 PROCEDURES
7.2 Show all the calculation and state if any of the data needs to thrown out.
7.3 The dillution water blank can not deplete more than 0.2 mg/L. Was this criteria met?
7.6 By referring to Sewage/Effluent Standard (DOE, Malaysia ) could your sample be discharge to
river untreated? If not, suggest the associated treatment for BOD removal.
8.0 DISCUSSION
Q1. a) Calculate the min / max volume of sample to be added to prepare as estimated
BOD _____________ mg/L.
b) Why must samples containing cautic alkalinity or acidity be adjusted before preparing BOD
dilution?
Q2. a) Why must samples containing residual chlorine be dechlorinated before preparation of
BOD dilutions?
c) What must be done to samples which have been dechlorinated or adjusted for pH
variations?
b) Calculate the seed correction and BOD5 (seeded) for the data given as below
BOD5 of Seed Material 95 mg/L
Dilution #1 mL of seed material 2 mL
mL of sample 100 mL
Start D.O. 7.8 mg/L
Final D.O. 2.9 mg/L
Q4. a) 30 mL of wastewater are placed in a 300 mL BOD bottle. The sample is diluted to fill the
bottle. The DO concentrations at the beginning and the end of 5-day incubation period are
7.3 mg/L and 1.8 mg/L respectively. What is the BOD?
b) The BOD5 of a wastewater was determined to be 250 mg/L. If the reaction coefficient
was 0.23 l/d, calculate i) ultimate BOD, ii) BOD3 and iii) BOD remaining at 3 days
Q7. a) With regard to precision, ten percent duplicate or replicate samples should be run. This
would result in one duplicate sample or one replicate sample being run every ten samples.
Differentiate replicate and duplicate sample
b) When are DO levels at their highest and their lowest and why?
Bench sheet
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ( BOD)
Analyst:
Date:
Time :
Sample Details:
Source:
0
pH C
Pretreatment:
Alkalinity/Acidity Comments:
I N NaoH : __________mL
I N N2SO4:__________mL
Volume
DO
Sample Sample Sample Dilution Initial DO Final DO BOD
Depletion
Type ID ( mL) Factor (mg/L) ( mg/L) (mg/L)
( mg/L)
Blank
BOD---
Blank
BOD---
Blank
BOD---
Average BOD
( show the calculation)
Cancelled Data/ Result:
BOD__ =
BOD__ =
BOD__ =