Practical Research (Final)

JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University

City of Koronadal, South Cotabato
Chapter I
This chapter presents the introduction, statement of the problem, scope and
delimitation, significance of the study and the definition of terms which are used
operationally.
Introduction
Department of Health (DOH) confirmed the increase in the rate of Human
Immunodeficiency (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The said
syndrome or virus is transferable by having sexual intercourse. DOH implemented project
on how to prevent the cases by distributing condoms on Public and Private High School
students. For this situation, the research study focused on how students view DOH project
in AIDS/HIV prevention.
Public and Private Schools are the objective of the DOH project, where students
are unaware about the rapid increase in the rate of the said syndrome and virus.
Based on Department of Health there are 2,814 cases of AIDS on the first six
months of 2014.
With the mentioned problem above, the main objective of the research is to
determine the common reasons of why DOH would approve this project to the Public and
also the research would determine the views of the students through this project.
Therefore, the research findings of that objective become the basis of an effective result
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of the DOH project if the student’s views will agree in the implementation of this project
for the prevention of AIDS among our country Philippines.
The main purpose of the research study is to let the students give their views on
DOH project and to determine what may be the perceived effects of this project to them.
Statement of the problem
The research aims to determine the views, feelings and understanding of the
students about the DOH project for AIDS/HIV prevention. It seeks to answer the specific
question:
1. What is your perception about DOH project?
2. Is DOH project effective or ineffective to prevent AIDS/HIV?
3. What are the perceived effects on students?
Scope and delimitation
The research study is focused on the views of the Senior High School students
about the DOH project on AIDS/HIV prevention. This includes their perceptions,
understanding and feelings about the project.
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Definition of Terms
The definition of terms is operational as it was used in the research study.
Views- student’s perception about the Department of Health project
Students- the participants on this research study
DOH- Department of Health who implemented this project
Project- the distribution of condoms in Public and Private Schools
AIDS/HIV- a disease that people may get when they have sexual intercourse
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Significance of the study
This study is significant as it will provide insights of students that may affect parents
and teacher’s perception about the DOH project in AIDS/HIV prevention.
To the parents, the results may serve as the inspiration to guide teenagers on how
to avoid premarital sex and prevent AIDS/HIV.
To the teachers, the findings may contribute knowledge to them on how to be a
second-parent for students who are lack in parental guidance.
To Department of Health (DOH), the results may serve as an eye opener to the
reality that this may be a better solution to reduce the increase of AIDS/HIV cases but the
Department of Health should also observe limitations to prevent negative effects on both
sides of the parties.
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Chapter II
This chapter presents the Review of Related Literatures and Review of Related
Studies.
Review of Related Literatures and Review of Related Studies
Despite of numerous existence of qualitative research about drug abuse
“Ethnographers have had difficulty in explaining precisely what they do”. Through the
National AIDS demonstration Research Program (Brown and Beschner 1993) and the
Cooperative Agreement for AIDS Community-Based outreach, the methodologist and
ethnographers worked hard on research by providing interdisciplinary cooperation, the
way in which qualitative method have contribute on preventing drug abuse and related
problem such as AIDS/HIV. (Robert Carlson et.al.)
In July 1994, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) review “Qualitative in Drug
Abuse and HIV research”. This shows the advancement in research methodologies for
understanding in the related contagious of drug abuse and HIV. The study also
emphasized the used of qualitative methods for the risks behaviors caused by
AIDS/HIV. This disease continues to spread as the major public threat and so the
community response to this changing of nature and to developing science. There is a
demand for greater resourcefulness on the side of social science researchers to expand
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traditional research method to encounter these challenges. (Elizabeth Y. Lambert M.
Sc. et.al.)
Two decades ago, since this disease have first identified it is being rapidly
spreading. This research study covers wide range of topics like the interventions and
best practices that may help to halt the spread of this disease. United Nations for AIDS
(UNAIDS) indicate that over 40 million are living with this disease and 25 million people
have died in 1980’s. There is a finding that 15.6 million children have lost a mother,
father or both parents as a victim of this AIDS/HIV. At a human level, the financial
burden of HIV/AIDS is at least 30% greater than deaths from other causes, because it
affects productive age group (young adult) and because of the cost of medication and
caring for the sick are staggering and can be prolonged. (Coombe 2002)
This disease can cause several problems like it can affect individual’s behavior
and compromise performance in school or in work and by the result of that situation it is
expected that the economic development would slow down. This research also
emphasized possible solutions like as creating prevention awareness of the disease by
generating knowledge and promoting disciplinary development among every youth.
(Coombe 2002)
The HIV/AIDS disease continues to be a growing public threat. While using
condoms have been the primary component prevention interventions, over all usage in
many settings. This research focused on the Philippines where current HIV is rapidly
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increasing. Condom usage remains low and result to the increase of HIV rate. Through
this study it has provided contextual data on decisions regarding condom use young
adults and teenagers in the Philippines. Worldwide statistics on HIV/AIDS show that
heterosexual transmission is steadily increasing and that each year over half of the new
HIV infections worldwide are among 15 to 24 years old. Southeast Asia is an area with
growing numbers of those infected with HIV, but the reported HIV prevalence rate in the
Philippines is still low, at less than one percent of a population of over 92 million. However,
the 2008 Philippine Department of Health (DOH) showed a 54% increase of total cases
over the 2007 statistics, but the reported numbers of HIV infections may belie a more
widespread rate, since testing is not widely available or practiced (Department of Health,
National Epidemiology Center, 2008).
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The Review of Related Literature
The UNAIDS task Team (IATTI) it was established in 2002, and it aims to improve
and accelerate responses about the cases of HIV in different part of the world, the said
government was helping people who has the HIV/AIDS. (UNAIDS task team, 2009)
May, 2006 the working group of the team UNAIDS is establishing support in
mainstreaming HIV and aids. The division for the Coordination of UN priorities in
Education, acted as the liaison of ITT. Base on the study, Children who are affected by
the disease has been documented to study the case and what are the experiences of the
children who has the HIV and AIDS. As part of the answer to this specific cases, a teacher
who handle a student who has the disease has a responsibility to the student, because
the student may experience challenges in their studies. Especially on maintain their
regular attendances in school, opportunities in school and continuing their education. One
of the suggested solutions are estimating the educational needs and how much will it cost
in helping the students who are infected by the said disease. Cases and information from
East and South Africa has been studied by the group on how to solve their cases.
The children who are in orphanage are also recognize by the group to study their
cases. Most of the children orphan who has the disease cannot maintain their
attendances on school. Therefore, some professionals suggested that attendance cannot
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affect the student in being competitive in school that is why they are fighting that students
who has an HIV can still go to school even if they cannot maintain their regular
attendances. Others also suggest to remove the orphans who has the disease in the
study because of the poverty they are experiencing.
Qualitative studies also highlight the acceptable support provided through teachers
learnings to support HIV-positive learners to address the discrimination in the school
setting, because the idea of the people about the HIV-positive people are cause by having
sex on different people, but in the case of those children who are positive in the disease
the study states that the cause of their disease was from their parents who are already a
HIV-positive which has been passed to the child, especially on mothers.
Base on the statistics in 2007 there were 2 million HIV-positive 15 years. old and
under, bigger than 300 thousand in 1990.15 years olds are newly infected teenagers, in
2007, representing 17% of newly infected (UNAIDS,2008). Many countries in the world
has cases bout being an HIV-positive which people who are positive, may experience
discrimination and non-kin threated by their guardians. Most children orphaned by AIDS
live with their relatives, usually grandparents, most often where their grandmothers. An
analysis data from Demographic and Health Services (DMS).
While poor individuals and households are not likely to become infected with HIV
(Gilispie, et al. 2008) In example, the financial burden associated with HIV for the poorest
household like, India 82% of represents the annual income while 20% of the wealthiest
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family. Affected HIV-households face higher dependency ratios, are subject to morbidity
and mortality and face higher unemployment levels (Gow and Desmond, 2007).
Base on all the case of HIV, all HIV-positive is experiencing difficulties in there
every day life because of the disease they have.
Especially on the society they were discriminated by those people who does not
understand their situation, which make them insecure.
Among 33 countries with generalized epidemics for example, 1-15% of pregnant
women attention antenatal clinics are HIV positive with data, 91% of national
governments report having a specific policy or strategy to address the HIV-related needs
of children orphan or made vulnerable by HIV (UNGASS Country Progress Reports,
2008). Such plans that have been costed, budgeted and implemented cannot currently
be assessed although national governments in nearly 73% of countries with generalized
epidemics regarded their efforts to address the needs of orphans and vulnerable children
as above average (UNAIDS, 2008)
There is a growing call to move away from targeting children orphaned by AIDS as
there is a body of literature demonstrating that doing so can spur resentment among
equally poor households; intensify stigma and discrimination; and create perverse
incentives that undermine programmed effectiveness. (Campbell, et al, 2008) They have
called on countries to adopt national social policies that are AIDS-sensitive, not AIDS-
targeted. (JLICA, 2008; Richter, 2008)
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One of the duties of schools is to protect their learners by not identifying their HIV
status, according to the Namibian Education Sector HIV and AIDS Policy. One ironic
outcome of this is that there are no special arrangements or allowances for HIV-positive
learners, no indication of how many learners are positive, and as one key informant noted
(UNESCO and ESART, 2008). While infected children generally had access to treatment
and other support services from government and networks of people living with HIV, their
personal HIV-related needs were felt to be ignored at schools.
In a case study commissioned by UNESCO in Tanzania also found the Ministry of
Education and Vocational Training conceding that “there were no specific policies or
guidelines relating to children living with HIV and AIDS’ and a pervading sense of denial
at the school level (UNESCO and ESART, forthcoming 2009).
In areas with high HIV prevalence, it is important to be vigilant about good hygiene
in schools and pre-schools to protect children as far as possible from opportunistic
infections. Clean water supplies, hygienic toilets and hygienic preparation of school meals
are always important in schools, but standards need to be particularly high especially in
schools with HIV-positive children (UNESCO and ESART, forthcoming 2009).
Experiences in Tanzania suggests that problematic teacher-pupil relationship
create one of the most significant barriers to potential success of programs on sex,
relationships and HIV education (Plummer, et al, 2008). Inappropriate teacher-student
relationships were found to be widespread, affecting the quality of learning (Ramos,
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2008). Kelly (2008) has referred to this relationship as “sexually transmitted grades”,
pertaining to the exchange of sexual favors for educational rewards such as improved
marks, access to the content of examinations and grade progression.
Infected and affected children who are granted admission and attend school have
been ridiculed or criticized by peers according to some studies. For example, in case
studies in Haiti and Brazil, infected teens reported experiencing violence and fighting
amongst their peers in schools as a response to their HIV status (Abadia-Barrero and
Castro, 2006; Loudon, 2006). In Western Europe, a cross-sectional study of children and
adolescents living with HIV-positive parents found that HIV-positive children had
significantly more reports of discrimination than HIV- negative ones (Nostlinger, et al,
2006).
The cases of AIDS/HIV affect the government revenue and expenditures. High in
expenditures because of several supports for the affected people or in preventing the
spread of this syndrome, the activities or services are the cost of recruitment, trainings,
sick-pay and educational lectures for the students. (Dominique Moran)
Greener (undated) argues that the HIV can cause the government revenue to
decrease because of health projects. And can result to have large economic impact and
increase poverty in the country.
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It is also stated that HIV affect labor force, because government is the major
employer of skilled labor. He also projected that some of the countries that have many
cases of AIDS/HIV might slow economic growth rate. (Eberstadt, 2002)
Most country affected by AIDS/HIV is high rate of unemployed working population
in informal sector. Workers with low productive activities can fill out vacancies cause by
AIDS/HIV in formal productive sectors. Thus this could lead to decrease supply of skilled
workers and government will decline employing unskilled workers as concerned in
economic growth. (Haacker, 2002)
This effects cause by the syndrome can put the government of the affected country
to make a move on how to prevent such cases. As they can see that this can lower the
economic growth, decrease government revenues and also boost expenditures.
Philippines is one of the countries where there are many unemployed persons
even though the person owns a degree. This situation is also concerned on the large
population of unemployed graduates which can also result to poverty.
Government may not be fully aware on the ratings of AIDS/HIV, but doing the
responsibility by taking actions like proposing project such as distributing condoms for
AIDS/HIV prevention.
Resulting poverty is one of the main concerns of the government. For women, loss
of homes, lower income may force women and children to do such actions like
transactional intercourse and being sexually active. This action is breakdown on law and
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order. One also of the causes is that military culture is usually exposed in sexual violence.
(Gordon and Crehan, undated)
Most of the affected people are women and children who are suffering from poverty
and chose to do such out of law actions. The conflict may result to breakdown and health
service is declined on having deficiency on health protection on the population.
According to Save the Children (2002) the conflicts on HIV are known to be “double
emergencies”. The conflict is about the occurring sexual battering, sexual violence and
high risk sexual behavior which are contributing factors on the increasing rate of HIV.
Sexual violence which is defined by Gordon and Crehan (undated) as the deliberate use
of sex as weapon to demonstrate power over women and girls as they become
vulnerable. The awareness in HIV is low and projects that can possibly slow down the
spreading of the disease are under-resourced.
The countries that are affected do not have adequate care coming from
departments or agencies and even from the government. There is lack knowledge about
HIV and prevention efforts that cause low awareness of its effect not only on the physical
body of the infected person but also on government revenue and expenditures which can
lead into poverty.
Panos (undated) argues that the peacekeepers should be the guarantors of
normality but they are accused in sexually exploiting local women and children and
spreading of HIV disease.
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The UN Security Council recognized HIV as an issue of both human and national
securities. They argue that this disease surely affects political instability and the
incapacity felt by many people to plan for the future.
The case of HIV is a big threat to the country affected by it. The spreading of the
disease is can be cause by sexual battering and sexual violence. Other cause is the lack
of awareness and adequate care of health services. The effect of this HIV disease to the
government is that this can boost expenditures by supporting agencies that helps
AIDS/HIV prevention. And lower government revenues by supporting training and
educational programs on how to prevent cases of the said disease. If the situation
continues to occur badly this could lower economic growth and cause poverty. The people
mostly infected by the disease are the unemployed and unskilled people and their
population gets higher because of the effects of AIDS/HIV. In that case women and
children are forced to do out-law actions like transactional intercourse.
Many researchers also argue that militaries are one of the main sources of HIV
because it is within their culture to involve in such sexual violence.
This cause and effect is the biggest concern of every country where there is a high
percentage of people that is infected with HIV and immediate solutions must be applied
like supporting agencies, health care services, educational lectures about the disease
and the national security.
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Chapter III
This chapter presents the Research design, Locale of the Study, Participants
involved in the study, Instrumentation, Data collection and the Data Analysis.
Methodology
Research design
The researcher intends to know the views of students and the possible effects of
the DOH project on them. Considering the research problem, the researcher opted to
use a descriptive design, qualitative type of study. In obtaining that, researcher used
series of steps in which intends to answer research problem.
Formulating Research
Problem
Data Gathering Conducting Interview
Transcribing the data

gathered
Thematic Analysis Coding the data gathered
Formulating meanings
Theme Clustering
Emerging Themes
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Locale of the Study
Notre Dame of Marbel University is a Catholic educational institution located at
Alunan Avenue City of Koronadal, South Cotabato. It is run by the Marist Brothers or
FMS (Fratres Maristae a Scholis). It houses the largest library in Mindanao, known as
NDMU library. NDMU is the only University in Koronadal City. NDMU is also known as
one of the school that offers quality education.
Participants
The participants of the research study are the students who are aware about the
DOH project for AIDS/HIV prevention which is the distribution of condoms to secondary
schools. The participants will be coming from the Notre Dame of Marbel University and
specifically from Senior High School students.
Instrumentation
The data gathered was the answers from interview questions. These questions
would deal with the views of participants on the DOH project and the perceived effects
on them.
1. Do you know this project of DOH about giving out of condoms on High School
Students?
2. What is your perception about this project?
3. What do you think are the possible effects of this project on the students?
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Data Collection
In the research study, research use interview method to gather data from their
participants. Interview questions are the appropriate method to use in this qualitative
type of study.
Data Analysis
The major data gathering method to be employed in this study will be a self-
constructed interview questions in order to provide accuracy, appropriateness of the
information gathered. Interview will be conducted one to one in participants of the
research study. After the interview of all the participants the data will be transcribe and
documentary analysis will also be made.
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Chapter IV
This chapter presents the themes of significant statements and its interpretations.
This chapter covers the three problems of the research study which are the views of the
students on the DOH project, the DOH project as an effective or ineffective solution for
AIDS/HIV prevention and the perceived effects on the students.
Problem 1 Significant Statement- Views of the students about DOH project
The case of a threatening disease may cause alarm to everyone and even in our
government, for it will surely affect the infected state for like example boost expenditures
because of seminars and health care services, and even lower down one’s country’s
economic growth. The disease is commonly known as AIDS/HIV. The said disease is
acquired by having a sexual intercourse with another person that is why Department of
Health in the Philippines proposed a project which is giving out condoms to high school
students.
Students in Notre Dame of Marbel University Specifically Senior High School was
asked about their perception about the project. They have been interviewed and the
students freely addressed their feelings, understanding and own perception about the
project.
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Effective
Some of the participants said that the project is effective for AIDS/HIV prevention;
according to participant Francheska
“of course it will decrease the teenage pregnancy and second, is the students will
learn on how to protect themselves”.
Significant statement Code Name Formulated meaning Theme cluster

of course it will Participant Feels that the project Effective
decrease the teenage Francheska would decrease
pregnancy and Line 12-13 teenage pregnancy
second, is the and students would
students will learn on be aware how to
how to protect protect their selves
themselves
For participant Francheska the project can decrease the cases of teenage
pregnancy and the students could be more aware on how to protect their selves to prevent
such disease.
According to participant Justine “Uhm..so first uhm okay man sya duw effective..
Uhm duw may ara sang 60/40 nga ano uhm 60 percent nga effectiveness sa kung
magdstribute gid ba sila para maprevent ang pagspread sang AIDS or HIV”
(so first it is okay, it is like effective like there is 60/40 which 60 percent
effectiveness if they will surely distribute to prevent the spreading of AIDS/HIV)
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Significant statement Code name Formulated meaning Theme cluster

Uhm..so first uhm Participant Justine Feels that the project is Effective
okay man sya duw Line 9-11 quite effective
effective.. Uhm duw
may ara sang 60/40
nga ano uhm 60
percent nga
effectiveness sa
kung magdstribute
gid ba sila para
maprevent ang
pagspread sang
AIDS or HIV
Participant Justine is saying that there is a proportion of effectiveness in the project
and if the DOH will surely give condoms and continues the project this may help prevent
rapid spreading of AIDS/HIV in our country.
Not in Favor
There are also students who stated that they are not in favor of the project, just
like participant Halsey said “ um I’m not in favor na ei, mag distribute ng condoms sa mga
high school students”
(um, I’m not in favor to, distribute condoms to high school students)
“15 or 16 so bata pa ang tagaan so daw kalain gid siya nga project or daw, um if
kung gusto nila na maprevent ang HIV siguro may iba pa man nga ano ways hindi lang
ang pag distribute ng condoms sa mga students which is high school pa lang”-participant
Halsey
(15 or 16 so young will receive, so it is like unpleasant project or if they want to
prevent HIV maybe there are other ways not only distribution of condoms to students
which is just a high school students)
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Significant statement Code name Formulated meaning Theme Cluster

15 or 16 so bata pa Participant Halsey Against distribution of Not Favor
ang tagaan so daw Lie 12-14 condoms
kalain gid siya nga
project or daw, um if
kung gusto nila na
maprevent ang HIV
siguro may iba pa
man nga ano ways
hindi lang ang pag
distribute ng
condoms sa mga
students which is
high school pa lang
The statements of participant Halsey are her perception about the project that she
is not in favor and this giving out of condoms are unpleasant project for AIDS/HIV
prevention.
Ineffective
One student said that the project is ineffective, the student gave her reason why
she come up with that perception. According to participant Francheska “there is a
possibility that it will also increase the HIV naman kasi, since bakit hindi naman sinasabi
ng DOH, kahit yung DOH nagsasabi sila na hindi 100% effective ang condom so how can
you say na it will prevent the HIV”
(There is a possibility that it will increase the HIV, since why DOH is saying, even
DOH is saying that it is not 100% effective the condom so how cn you say that it will
prevent the HIV)
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There is a possibility Participant Feels that DOH project Ineffective
that it will also Francheska is ineffective
increase the HIV Line 20-22
naman kasi, since
bakit hindi naman
sinasabi ng DOH,
kahit yung DOH
nagsasabi sila na
hindi 100% effective
ang condom so how
can you say na it will
prevent the HIV
Participant Francheska is telling that even the Department of Health are not that
100% sure that their proposed project will decrease or prevent the spreading of AIDS/HIV.
So based on this statement Francheska don’t trust the project and saying how could this
be effective enough.
Negative
In a different way participant Justine is saying that this project is negative or has a
negative impact on students for they are the target users. According to him, “But may 40
percent nga duw kalain ang impact nya lalo na sa mga students na wala ka muwang
muwang, na mga inosente na tagaan na sila sang condom”
(But there is 40 percent of unpleasant impact because for those students who
knew nothing that are innocent will receive condom).
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But may 40 percent Participant Justine Feels that there is a Negative
nga duw kalain ang Line 11-13 percentage of
impact nya lalo na sa negative impact to
mga students na students that are
wala ka muwang innocent
muwang, na mga
inosente na tagaan
na sila sang condom
He believes that innocent persons or students will be affected because of giving
out condoms. And that turns to cause a negative impact and negative feedback from the
students.
Affect student’s curiosity
Some of the participants stated that there are issues and even aspects of person’s
life that will are affected. The DOH project could affect student’s curiosity, curious about
the condom which DOH is distributing and not all students know the condom’s purpose.
According to participant Alex “pag kapag ginhatag nila ang condom sa mga high
school student mas ma trigger ang curiosity ta and as human as we are, curiousness is
in our nature. So matrigger ang curiousness sang mga students kung ano ba, for what
ang condom, kung ano ba dapat, kung diin na sya ginagamit. So may possibilities nga
dahil na sa ila nga gipanghatag nga condom nga magtrigger ang curiousness sang mga
students and people”
(If they will give the condoms to the high school students it will trigger curiosity in
us and as a human as we are, curiousness is in our nature. So it will trigger curiousness
of students of what, for what is condom, of what is just, where it will be used. So there are
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possibilities that because of the given condoms it will trigger the curiousness of students
and people).

Kapag ginhatag nila Participant Alex Feels that the project Affects curiosity
ang condom sa mga Line 13-18 of DOH can trigger
high school student student’s curiosity
mas ma trigger ang
curiosity ta and as
human as we are,
curiousness is in our
nature. So matrigger
ang curiousness sang
mga students kung
ano ba, for what ang
condom, kung ano ba
dapat, kung diin na
sya ginagamit. So
may possibilities nga
dahil na sa ila nga
gipanghatag nga
condom nga
magtrigger ang
curiousness sang
mga students and
people
Affects Morality
According to participant Francheska” and third, is it will decrease the morality kasi
we can give a solution on HIV without um breaking or without giving up our morality here
in the Philippines, since we know that the Philippines is a um. Christian country that is
why we don’t need to lower our morality and Philippines should practice standard
morality”
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(And third, is it will decrease the morality because we can give a solution on HIV
without um breaking or without giving up our morality here in the Philippines, since we
know that the Philippines is a um. Christian country that is why we don’t need to lower
our morality and Philippines should practice standard morality).

and third, is it will Participant Feels that it will Affects
decrease the Francheska decrease morality and person’s
morality kasi we can Line 23-26 this will contradict morality
give a solution on beliefs of people in the
HIV without um Philippines as a
breaking or without Christian
giving up our
morality here in the
Philippines, since we
know that the
Philippines is a um.
Christian country
that is why we don’t
need to lower our
morality and
Philippines should
practice standard
morality.
And this perception of Francheska is saying that this distribution of condoms can
affect our morality which is to determine what is right and wrong, and saying that
Philippines is known as religious country with standard morality and don’t usually support
this kind of project.
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Affect Teenage Pregnancy
And for the issue of teenage pregnancy in line with this project, other participants
have mentioned other affected cases like teenage pregnancy and pre-marital sex.
According to participant Laurence “yun um kung gagawin ng DOH yun nu, I think um gina
expect nila na result is taliwas sa magiging kinalabasan like instead na ma lessen yung
pregnant, teenage pregnancy baka magiging mas laganap pa siya kasi, kagaya ng sinabi
ko kanina magigising yung awareness ng mga students”
(That umm if DOH will do that, I think um they are expecting result which is inverse
of the outcome like instead that pregnant would be lessen, teenage pregnancy maybe it
will increase, like what I said earlier student’s awareness will be awaken).

Yun um kung Participant Feels that there is a Affects Teenage
gagawin ng DOH Laurence possibility of Pregnancy
yun nu, I think um Line 21-24 awakening awareness
gina expect nila na
result is taliwas sa
magiging
kinalabasan like
instead na ma
lessen yung
pregnant, teenage
pregnancy baka
magiging mas
laganap pa siya kasi,
kagaya ng sinabi ko
kanina magigising
yung awareness ng
mga students
Saying that instead the project will decrease teenage pregnancy it will increase
because student’s curiousness is boost up, and if a person is more curious he/she is the
more tempted to try things and this project as perceived by a participant is a big factor to
make situation more complicated.
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Encourage to do pre-marital sex
And for the effect of the project according to participant Francheska said “About
HIV because we can say that sometimes um, the condom is not that effective naman, so
about naman sa negative effects is the well I think, as a Christian or a we should not
practice um. Premarital sex I think it’s not proper that the students is uh. Will be given a
condom it is like they encourage to do sex in that age or very young and um”
(about HIV because we can say that sometimes um, the condom is not that
effective, so about the negative effects is the well I think, as a Christian or we should not
practice um, pre-marital sex. I think it’s not proper that the students are uh, will be given
a condom, it is like they encourage to do sex in that age or very young).

About HIV because Participant Feels that condoms Encourage to
we can say that Francheska are not effective and do Pre-marital
sometimes um, the Line 15-19 the project could affect sex
condom is not that Christian practice and
effective naman, so endorse pre-marital
about naman sa sex.
negative effects is the
well I think, as a
Christian or a we
should not practice
um. Premarital sex I
think it not proper that
the students is uh.
Will be given a
condom it’s like their
encourage to do sex
in that age or very
young and um
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This might be an effect of the project to the student, that they will practice or
engaged in a very young age to a forbidden pre-marital ex. Christian don’t allow that
practice, two persons must be married before doing such action for it is sacred to church
and to the person married.
Problem 2 Significant Statement- DOH’s project is an effective or ineffective to

prevent AIDS/HIV
The Department of Health proffers a solution for the spreading case of AIDS/HIV
which is thriving in our country. It is the distribution of condoms in public and private
high schools. Randomly chosen students from Notre Dame of Marbel University were
asked about their views on the said project. They were asked about their opinions if the
project is an effective or ineffective solution to prevent AIDS/HIV.
As they were interviewed, they have different opinions about the effectiveness
and ineffectiveness of the project.
Ineffective
Some of the participants said that the project was an ineffective solution in
preventing AIDS/HIV. According to participant Francheska “So hindi lahat naman ng,
may possibility kasi na yung condom na yun is like ano siya na naproduce siya not na
high quality na pagproduce so how can you say na mapeprevent niya ang HIV”
(So not all, because there is a possibility that the condom used is not produced
with high quality so how can you say that it can prevent HIV)
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Francheska is saying that the distributing of condoms can be an ineffective

solution because there are some condoms that are not made durable and still it can’t
prevent the spreading of AIDS/HIV.

So hindi lahat naman Participant Feels that the condom Ineffective
ng, may possibility Francheska will not prevent HIV
kasi na yung condom Line 34-36 because some quality
na yun is like ano is not made durable
siya na naproduce
siya not na high
quality na
pagproduce so how
can you say na
mapeprevent niya
ang HIV
According again to Francheska “And about sa ineffectiveness niya is when a

person has a choice kung or a person can protect himself or herself from HIV/AIDS
without using any condom and without lowering his morality naman.”
(And about its ineffectiveness is when a person has a choice if or a person can
protect himself or herself from HIV/AIDS without using any condom and also without
lowering his morality.”)
Significant Statement Code name Formulated Meaning Theme Cluster

And about sa Participant Saying that it is a Ineffective
ineffectiveness niya Francheska person’s choice on
is when a person has Line 36-39 what way he/she can
a choice kung or a prevent AIDS/HIV
person can protect
himself or herself
from HIV/AIDS
without using any
condom and without
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lowering his morality

naman.
For Francehska, the project is an ineffective solution to the fact that if a person
has his/her own choice and decision or she/he knows what is right and wrong; in the
first place that person will not do the thing that she/he believes to be against the right
thing to do.
Cause negative impact
Aside from stating that the project is an ineffective solution, some said that it can
also cause a negative impact to the students. As what participant Justine said “But may
40 percent nga duw kalain ang impact nya lalo na sa mga students na wala ka muwang
muwang”
(But there is a 40 percent that can cause a negative impact to the students
especially to those who are innocent).

But may 40 percent Participant Feels that there is a Cause negative
nga duw kalain ang Justine percentage of impact
impact nya lalo na sa Line 11-13 negative impact to
mga students na students that are
wala ka muwang innocent
muwang
According to participant Justine, the project can cause a negative impact to

students especially to those who are innocent and unaware of the purpose of the
condoms that would be given to them.
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Unpleasant solution
Aside from stating that the project is ineffective, “ok lang sana kung ano sex
education may subject nga ano na gina tudluan sila, pero pag ang pagdistribute sang
condom mismo sa students kalain.”

ok lang sana kung Participant Distribution of Unpleasant
ano sex education Halsey condoms is not a Solution
may subject nga ano Line 20-21 good idea
na gina tudluan sila,
pero pag ang
pagdistribute sang
condom mismo sa
students kalain.
Partly ineffective
Some of the participants doubt if the project is an effective or ineffective solution.

Instead they said that for them it is partly ineffective. According to participant Laurence
“nasabi kong partly ineffective kasi, I think nabanggit ko na din kasi um.. other than our
ano our reproductive organs, our saliva, other parts fluids ng katawan na pwede mag
ano sa kanila, hindi lang yung AIDS kasi hindi lang siya galling sa sexual intercourse it’s
either dun sinabi ko dun sa laway or sa sy-syringe yung ano yun.”
(I have said that it is partly ineffective because, I think I’ve already said that um
other our reproductive organs, our saliva, other fluid parts of our body that can infect
them, not only AIDS because it is not only transmittable from sexual intercourse it’s
either from what I have said like saliva or syringe.”
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nasabi kong partly Participant Feels it is partly Partly
ineffective kasi, I Laurence ineffective because Ineffective
think nabanggit ko na Line 64-69 of other factor that
din kasi um.. other cause acquisition of
than our ano our AIDS like saliva and
reproductive organs, the use of syringe
our saliva, other parts
fluids ng katawan na
pwede mag ano sa
kanila, hindi lang
yung AIDS kasi hindi
lang siya galling sa
sexual intercourse its
either dun sinabi ko
dun sa laway or sa
sy-syringe yung ano
yun.
Participant Laurence said that the project of the DOH is partly ineffective
because of the factor that AIDS is not only transmitted through sexual intercourse but
also through saliva and blood.
Doubtful about the project
There are also participants who doubt the project of the DOH. “Mas lalo ng mag
ano ang mga estudyante nga mag himu sang anu, about sa sexuality kay kumbaga gina
tagaan na sila sang chance sang school or indi gani sang DOH nga himuon to. Dati
gani nga wala pa gani sang ginahatag nahimu na nila anu pa ayhan kung ara na.”-
Participant Steffy.
(It will more push students to do that thing about sexuality because it’s like they
were given a chance by the school or the DOH rather to do that thing. Since before
even though there is no giving of condoms yet, they already have experienced those
things, what more if the distribution will be imposed.)
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Mas lalo ng mag ano Participant Feels negative about Doubtful about
ang mga estudyante Steffy the project. the project
nga mag himu sang Line 12-15
anu, about sa sexuality
kay kumbaga gina
tagaan na sila sang
chance sang school or
indi gani sang DOH
nga himuon to. Dati
gani nga wala pa gani
sang ginahatag
nahimu na nila anu pa
ayhan kung ara na.
According to participant Steffy, the distributing of condoms will just trigger the
students to do pre-marital sex. It seems like they were encouraged by the DOH to
practice pre-marital sex. Based on her statements, she did not state if the project is an
effective or ineffective but rather she seemed to doubt the effects of the project to the
students who will be given condoms by the DOH.
Partly effective and partly ineffective
Another participant from the interview also doubts between the effectiveness and
ineffectiveness of the DOH’s projecxt. According to him “I think, um.. partly um..
effective siya partly ineffective”- participant Laurence.
(I think, um.. partly um it’s effective, partly ineffective)
For him the project is both an effective and ineffective solution in preventing
AIDS/HIV in his reasons that condoms can really prevent the transmission of the
AIDS/HIV but the virus can not only be transmitted through sexual interaction but also
through saliva and blood.
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I think, um.. partly um.. Participant Feels it is partly Partly effective
effective siya partly Laurence effective and partly and Partly
ineffective Line 51 ineffective Ineffective
Effective
Aside from the negative views about the project, there are some who viewed the
project as an effective solution to prevent AIDS/HIV. According to particxipant Laurence,
“makaka-help siya maka prevent kasi for example yung contact kasi may protection
which is yung condom mismo”
(It can help to prevent because for example is because the contact has
protection which is the condom itself)

makaka-help siya Participant Condom can help Effective
maka prevent kasi for Laurence prevent the
example yung Line 59-60 acquisition of AIDS
contact kasi may when contact of two
protection which is person occur
yung condom mismo
For participant Laurence, the project is really an effective solution since the
person who will use the condom will be protected and it can prevent the transmission of
the virus.
Another participant who viewed the project as an effective solution is Justine.

According to him “Uhm..so first uhm okay man sya duw effective.. Uhm duw may ara
sang 60/40 nga ano uhm 60 percent nga effectiveness sa kung magdistribute gid ba sila
para maprevent ang pagspread sang AIDS or HIV”
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(Uhm.. so first uhm it’s okay it seems effective.. Uhm it’s like it has 60/40 uhm 60
percent effectiveness if they will really distribute to prevent the spreading of AIDS or
HIV) He rated 60 percent for the effectiveness of the DOH’s project.

Uhm..so first uhm Participant Feels that the project Effective
okay man sya duw Justine is quite effective
effective.. Uhm duw Line 9-11
may ara sang 60/40
nga ano uhm 60
percent nga
effectiveness sa kung
magdistribute gid ba
sila para maprevent
ang pagspread sang
AIDS or HIV
Problem: 3 the perceived effects of the project and alternative solutions

Sex education is instruction on issues relating to human sexuality, including
emotional relations and responsibilities, human sexual anatomy, sexual activity
sexual reproduction, age of consent, reproductive health, reproductive rights, safe sex,
birth control and sexual abstinence. (Wikipedia, 2015).
Sex education is thought in school in other countries in example in America
teenagers have their sex education as part of their P.E classes on which teachers
thought their students on how to avoid being pregnant and they are the ones who is
distributing condoms to the students. But here in the Philippines, schools do not teach
students about sex. Because they preserve morality and sexual intercourse is sacred
and only married couple is allowed in the eyes of the society.
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Suggest Alternative Solution

Other participants suggest alternative solutions rather than distributing condoms.
According to Alex “Kung gusto nila, mas isuggest ko na magprovide sila sang seminars.
Ipadayon lang nila nga ipadayon asta sa marealize sang mga tao. Pero okay man na
ginaguide lang nila”
(If they want, I want to suggest that they will provide seminars. And they will continue
until the people will realize. But it’s okay that they will guide.)

Kung gusto nila, mas Participant Alex Suggest that Suggest
isuggest ko na Line 36-38 seminars are even alternative
magprovide sila sang more effective way to solution.
seminars. Ipadayon AIDS prevention
lang nila nga ipadayon
asta sa marealize sang
mga tao. Pero okay
man na ginaguide lang
nila
For him there are other alternative solutions like conducting seminars on how to
prevent HIV/AIDS. It can be a better solution rather than distributing condoms through
students and the DOH should continue ad guiding the students on how to prevent the
disease.
One participant also suggests an alternative solution. “sa health center na lang
sila mag lagay or magbigay, mag ay magdistribute ng condoms tapos yung mga willing
lang talaga ang kukuha” – Halsey
(They should distribute condoms in the Health Center instead and only those who are
willing should get condoms)
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sa health center na Participant Distribution of Suggest
lang sila mag lagay or Halsey condoms at health alternative
magbigay, mag ay Line 24-25 centre is an option solution.
magdistribute ng
condoms tapos yung
mga willing lang talaga
ang kukuha
For her, a better solution is that the DOH should have the condom distribution
only in health centers and not in schools. The people who will be given out condoms are
those who are willing not just students. Because it is more appropriate if the condom
distribution will be done in the Health Centers not in schools.
Sex education is an alternative solution

“Pwede man..hindi gid man bi kalain nga ipart sang..sa curriculum specially sa grade
11 kag grade 12 na may ara man sang education about ano sex”. – Justine
(It is able because it is not really unpleasant that the curriculum of grade 11 and grade
12 have an education about sex.)

Pwede man..hindi gid Participant Feels that sex Sex education is
man bi kalain nga Justine education is an alternative
ipart sang..sa Line 21-22 applicable to grade solution.
curriculum specially 11 and 12 to be an
sa grade 11 kag alternative solution
grade 12 na may ara
man sang education
about ano sex
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For him it is okay that Senior High school students should have sex education as
part of their lesson because it is appropriate in the curriculum of Senior High School,
because they are in the right age to know about sexual intercourse, and what are the
effects if you will do premarital sex.
“Amo nang dapat iteach nila gid ang bad effects nga mga amo sina and if may ara gid
man sang mga students nga positive sa amo na dapat ang DOH magconduct man sang
duw testing or checking-ups..checking-ups?.. check-ups sa mga students nga to.” –
Justine
(That is the right thing to teach the bad effects and if some of the students that are
positive. The DOH should conduct like check-ups for those students.)
Amo nang dapat iteach Participant Saying that the DOH Sex education is
nila gid ang bad effects Justine must conduct sex an alternative
nga mga amo sina and Line 24-27 education to students solution.
if may ara gid man who are positive to
sang mga students such disease
nga positive sa amo na
dapat ang DOH
magconduct man sang
duw testing or
checking-
ups..checking-ups?..
check-ups sa mga
students nga to.
For him, students should be taught about the bad effects of HIV/AIDS because
students should be open minded about sex related topics and what bad effects will
occur if they will engage in such behavior. Also for those who are already positive in
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AIDS he suggests that the DOH should conduct check-ups and medications to cure the
infected students.
Encourage student to do pre-marital solution

One of the perceive effects of the project. “Pero it's like we are promoting
premarital sex but not the decreasing of the HIV or the prevention of HIV because sabi
ko nga kanina you cannot uhmm you cannot assure the condom they are giving is that
quality or that 100% na maprotektahan yung gumagamit ng condom” – Francheska
(But it is like we are promoting pre-marital sex but not decreasing of the HIV or the
because what I have said earlier you cannot assure that the condom they are giving is
that 100% that can protect the person who is using it)
Significant Code name Formulated Theme Cluster
Statement Meaning
Pero it's like we are Participant Feels that the Encourage
promoting Francheska project is like students to do pre-
premarital sex but Line 59-62 promoting pre- marital sex.
not the decreasing marital sex instead
of the HIV or the of decreasing the
prevention of HIV cases of HIV.
because sabi ko
nga kanina you
cannot uhmm you
cannot assure the
condom they are
giving is that quality
or that 100% na
maprotektahan
yung gumagamit ng
condom
For her, distribution of condoms is not solution in decreasing cases of AIDS/HIV
but a promotion of pre-marital sex on the students. And condoms are not surely a 100%
preventing tool to protect a person from acquiring AIDS/HIV.
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Abusiveness
“kasi once kasi na binigyan mo yung estudyante ng ano ng condom gagamitin niya, so
if either kung gagamitin niya its either uh. parang maincourage siya na itry ko ulit or ay
huwag nalang so mostly in that case I think sa psychologically ha mas pipiliin talaga ng
estudyante na uh… itry ko ulit, parang ganun so ayon Malaki talaga yung effect niya sa
pregnant. teenage pregnancy” - Laurence
(Because once that you have given a student a condom that they will be used so it is
either they will use it or be encourage to try again or not, so mostly in that cases I think
in psychological way they will more chose to use it again, so it will have a big impact in
teenage pregnancy.)

kasi once kasi na Participant Feels that student Abusiveness
binigyan mo yung Laurence can be abusive
estudyante ng ano ng
condom gagamitin
niya, so if either kung
gagamitin niya its
either uh.. parang
maincourage siya na
itry ko ulit or ay
huwag nalang so
mostly in that case I
think sa
psychologically ha
mas pipiliin talaga ng
estudyante na uh…
itry ko ulit, parang
ganun so ayon
Malaki talaga yung
effect niya sa
pregnant.teenage
pregnancy
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For him, the students would be abusive in using the condoms because they know
it is free and others might engage in having sex because of their curiosity, they will think
that they can also do such behavior because everyone on the school have done it
already. And every time they wanted to use a condom they can have one, and because
of using it too much they wanted to do it again and again and it may lead into sex
addiction, which can lead into increase of teenage pregnancy but not in preventing HIV
or AIDS.
Temptation
“Matempt sila nga gamiton tung condom for of course hindi naton ma… intercourse na
ginatawag nila nga” - Alex
(They will be attempted to use the condom of course.)

Matempt sila nga Participant Alex Feels there is a Temptation
gamiton tung condom Line 19-20 possibility to be
for of course hindi tempted to do sexual
naton ma… intercourse
intercourse na
ginatawag nila nga
For him, giving out of condoms may lead into temptation because they reach
their satisfaction on sex and because they think that condoms are safe they will
continue in having sex and it may lead into different cases like increase of positive HIV
students.
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Person’s Choice
“Uhmm. Wala ng ano lang di sige lang intercourse, dependi naman abi na siya
kung anu, kung gigil kana gid man, ti amu na eh, kung indi” - Steffy
(They should not intercourse, it depends on them if they are really wanted to have sex.)
Uhmm. Wala ng ano Participant Steffy Feels it is up to a Person’s choice
lang di sige lang Line person
intercourse, dependi
naman abi na siya
kung anu, kung gigil
kana gid man, ti amu
na eh, kung indi
According to her, it is person’s choice if they will engage in such behavior
because if they really wanted to have sex they will do anything just to fulfill their
satisfaction. In this situation people might engage in sex many times as they want, and
not all the time they use condoms, that is why it is someone’s if they will have sex in
safe way or just fulfill their satisfaction.
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CHAPTER V
This chapter presents the summary of the findings, implications, insights and
recommendations. This chapter covers the three statement of the problem these are the
views of the students, DOH project as an effective or ineffective solution for AIDS/HIV
prevention, the perceived effects on the students and alternative solutions.
Summary of the findings
Distribution of condoms is ineffective and has negative effects on the students are
the views based on the theme clusters on problem which are not in favor, ineffective,
disagree and negative. The students are saying that DOH’s project is ineffective or not
the appropriate solution to prevent the disease. Aside from that, they also agree that this
may implied negative impact like giving out condoms could trigger a student’s curiosity.
The participants feel that this project can give different meaning which is not the same
from their main purpose such as distributions of condoms is more likely promoting pre-
marital sex among students. They have viewed many aspects and even issue that can
be affected by the project. First it can affect curiosity and morality. From the curiosity of
an individual this can affect the decision-making from doing the wrong and right thing.
The project could also touch the issue of pre-marital sex and teenage pregnancy. There
is also a possibility that students will become abusive because there is permission of
using condoms.
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From the different interviews with various participants, they were all asked with the
same question which is about the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of the project of the
Department of Health and some have the same and different views. Others viewed the
project as an effective solution, some also are between the effectiveness and
ineffectiveness but majority of the participants viewed the project as an ineffective solution
to prevent AIDS/HIV.
Based on the statements of the participants, most of the reasons why they said
that the project of DOH is an ineffective solution to prevent the spreading of AIDS/HIV are
because even though condoms can really help to prevent the transfer of AIDS from one
person to another, still there are some condoms that are not made durable by some
manufacturers and there are also factors which can cause acquisition of the said disease
such as using the same syringe with a person positive of AIDS/HIV.
Students also suggested alternative solutions aside from distributing condoms to
them, which is having a sex education subject or to deliver message through theater play
of organizations related in promoting AIDS/HIV prevention. This project of the DOH as
viewed by the participants can cause temptation and abusiveness on the students.
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Recommendations
To the Department of Health, the researchers recommend that the result of the study
can give insights coming from the participants which can help them realize what
alternative solution is better than distribution of condoms.
To the teachers, the researchers recommend that the result of this study can give
them the views of the students towards the DOH’s project. The study can somehow give
solutions on what might be the effects to the students. The views and suggestions can
help guide teachers to determine what is best for students.
To the students, the researchers recommend that the result of the study can help them
to be aware about the possible effects of the DOH’s project, and the suggested alternative
solution like having sex education might help them determine the best way to prevent the
disease AIDS/HIV.
Implications
According to the results the research study implies that the DOH’s project as
viewed by the participants was an ineffective solution to prevent AIDS/HIV disease. Some
said there are proportions of positive and negative impact to the students who will receive
the condoms that will be distributed. Positive review from other participants because they
believe on the proposed solution of the DOH in preventing the increasing rate of HIV
positive people. Negative from other participants because they think that distributing
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condoms to students will not prevent HIV/AIDS but instead they suggest alternative
solutions.
Insights
The Department of Health’s project which is giving out of condoms to the high
school students in both public and private schools gave huge impact to the students. The
researchers conducted a study to know the students’ perception on this issue, their
opinions on the project and if they are in favor or not in the project. They wanted to study
this topic, to determine the negative and positive response of the participants.
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Sachin Bhattarai, former Agriculture Technical Officer Cum Administrator (2018-2019)

Answered Nov 13, 2018
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-problems-of-farmers-in-financial
There are lots of problems that associates a farmer when it comes to finance. Some of
them includes.
1. Lots of farmers are deprived by the agriculture loan from banks, despite the
government's declaration of easy loan schemes.
2. The agricultural processess like irrigarion, harvesting, threshing, tilling, these
all operations require money, which every farmers cannot afford to pay.
3. Most of the farmers in rural areas cannot afford to pay for the manpower to
assist them in their field work. It is why they leave their land barren.
4. The government of most of the developing nations donot provide subsidies for
the product that farmers grow. Due to which when loss occurs, there occurs a
great deal of finanicial loss.
5. There is also no fixed price categories of the products. Like fixed price for
vegetables, dairy, fruits and so on. Farmers are forced to sell their agricultural
products in a cheap and easy rates which are later multipled by the middle
agents, which are then sold to the markets in an excessive price ranges.
6. The agricultural operations requires inputs and other tools which are difficult
for almost every farmers to purchase.
Agriculture is dying in the Philippines

AS A MATTER OF FACT - Sara Soliven De Guzman (The Philippine Star) - June 18, 2018 -
12:00am
https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2018/06/18/1825542/agriculture-dying-philippines
Agriculture is dying. This is a sad reality of the country.
Agricultural land is being developed into industrial areas, shopping malls and
subdivisions. Farmers are growing old and their children have shifted into
other careers. The agriculture industry has not progressed in ages. Many of
our agricultural schools are producing office-oriented workers who would
much rather do paper work than help improve the agricultural sector of the
country. Not to mention the many horror stories of corruption at the
Department of Agriculture.
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Even if the Philippines is primarily an agricultural country, we have not done

anything to ‘cultivate’ this sector. In the sixties, we were ahead in Asia.
Students from different countries came here to study agriculture and its
technology. But what happened? They are now better than us. Somehow, we
lost in the race.
Yes, we have been blessed with different kinds of bodies of water, lands that
are lush and fertile, and a climate that is favorable in growing various kinds of
high valued crops and raising livestock, poultry and other farm animals. But
due to economic industrialization, this industry has been challenged. Our
priorities have changed almost forgetting our fundamental need for survival.
And according to reports, the agricultural sector employs only 25.96 percent of
the Filipino workers as of November 2017. This is very low compared to many
countries who prioritize and give more importance to it.
Agriculture plays an important role in the country’s economy. This is

measured as the value added of the agricultural sector as percent of GDP.
According to the World Bank data from 1960 to 2016, the average value for
the Philippines during the period was 21.36 percent with a minimum of 9.65
percent in 2016 and a maximum of 31.06 percent in 1974. This shows a sad
truth that the percent of GDP (value added) contributed from the agriculture
sector continues to decrease. Although people still think of the Philippines as
an agricultural economy, strictly speaking, and based on the data, this is not
the case.
The farmers lack support, training and a moral boost. First, they lack basic
skills in farming. Many are not educated or are only elementary graduates.
Second, good fertilizers, pesticides and seeds are imported from other
countries, making them very expensive and unaffordable for the lowly farmer.
Third, the government has not developed a good infrastructure for farmers
(i.e. farm-to-market roads, irrigation system, drying facilities and milling
centers, etc.). Fourth, most of our farmers do not own the land they till. They
cannot maximize the use of the land that results in low income. And since they
are just tenants, some landowners require a 50-50 share of the product, thus
leaving only half of the produce to the farmers. Fifth, farmers have difficulty in
financing their farming endeavors due to the high rates of borrowing
institutions. And when harvest time arrives, the money from the sale is only
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enough to pay their debts and nothing is left for them. Sixth, farmers lack
protection from the middlemen who take advantage of their weaknesses. The
middlemen buy their products at a very low cost and the Department of
Agriculture always seems to be turning a blind eye on these culprits.
During the Innovation Olympics 2018 held at the 8 Waves Resorts in Bulacan
last April, East-West Seeds Philippines general manager Henk Hermans said
that farmers represent the second poorest sector in the country. This has
resulted in the young people’s disenchantment in pursuing a career in
agriculture. He noted that the average age of Filipino farmers is 57-59 years
old and therefore there is a great need to encourage the youth to engage in
crop production to ensure the country’s food security. He also pointed out that
our farming practices are outdated, and majority of the farmers are reluctant to
use modern technology in farming, making their work labor intensive and
unsustainable.
The government has recognized the declining contribution of the agricultural

sector in the country’s GDP and this drop in its performance is attributed to its
vulnerability towards extreme weather events (drought and typhoons),
infestations (coconut scale insects), and poor adoption of high-yielding
varieties at the end of the farmers. The restricted crop production
diversification of farms particularly concentrating on rice, corn, and sugarcane
impedes the optimization of the land potential. Other longstanding issues such
as the limited access to credit and insurance, low farm mechanization and
inadequate postharvest facilities, inadequate irrigation, limited support R & D,
weak extension service, ageing farmers, agrarian reform, limited connection
between production area and markets, poor compliance with product
standards, competing land use, and weak institutions have also been
recognized. But we need action!
The Philippine Development Plan for 2017-2022 seeks to: expand economic
opportunities for those who are engaged in agriculture; increase access to
economic opportunities for small farmers. Based on the legislative agenda,
the development plan supports the following strategies to: abolish irrigation
service fees for small farmers; comprehensive Forestry Law and delineation of
Specific Forest Limits; amend the revised chapter of the Philippine Crop
Insurance Corporation to increase capital stock; amend Presidential Decree
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No. 4 series of 1972 to separate the regulatory and propriety functions of the
National Food Authority; amend the Agriculture Tarrification Act of 1996;
provide guidelines for the utilization of coco levy fund; pass the National Land
Use Act to protect prime agricultural lands; and genuine and comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Program to distribute for free without amortization
agricultural lands to landless farmers and agricultural workers (NEDA, 2017).
So, what gives?
Last year the Department of Agriculture had a budget allocation of P46 billion.
This year the budget is P60.6 billion. Next year, it is expected to go up to
P124 billion. Yes, the DA has the budget but they don’t seem to have the
brains and the balls to get things going. They continue to point fingers on the
past administrators. Every Agriculture Secretary has a reason for the season.
Sanamagan! Just do it!
UPLB Center for Technology Entrepreneurship executive director Glenn

Baticados said that agriculture today is more than just a farmer simply planting
a crop, growing livestock, or catching fish. He said, “It takes an ecosystem
and several actors to work together to produce and deliver the food we need.
It is this dynamic and complex ecosystem that will equip agriculture to cope
with the competing challenges of addressing food safety and food security,
creating inclusive livelihoods, mitigating climate change and sustainably
managing natural resources.”
Agriculture constitutes the foundation of food security. As such, it is imperative

that all concerned bodies work together, innovate continuously, collaborate in
research and development to meet future challenges in agriculture.
Farmers seek floor price as palay sells for just P7 per kilo
https://www.rappler.com/business/239117-farmers-seek-floor-price-palay
Ralf Rivas
Published 4:55 PM, September 02, 2019
Updated 9:07 PM, September
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MANILA, Philippines – Farmers appealed to Congress to set a floor price for palay or
unhusked rice, as its farmgate prices have plummeted to much lower than production
costs.
In a briefing on the impact of the rice tariffication law at the House of Representatives
on Monday, September 2, farmers' groups said farmgate prices of palay can go as low
as P7 per kilo, much lower than the cost to produce it at over P12.
"Talong-talo ang mga magsasaka natin. Hindi ito kasalanan ng Department of

Agriculture (DA) o National Food Authority (NFA), dahil ito sa rice liberalization," said
Ignacio Ortiz of the Alyansa ng Magbubukid sa Gitnang Luzon.
(Farmers are really the losers here. This is not the fault of the Department of Agriculture
or the National Food Authority, this is because of rice liberalization.)
Ortiz said farmgate prices in Pampanga can go as low as P9 to P12 per kilo, while it's
P7 in Bataan.
The farmers said there are too many cheap rice imports in the market because of rice
tariffication, and retailers no longer want to buy from local producers. (READ: Butterfly
effect: How rice tariffication bill affects everyone)
However, NFA Administrator Judy Dansal rejected the farmers' claims, citing data from
the Philippine Statistics Authority that prices are at around P16 to P17 per kilo. The
cheapest they bought from farmers was P13, she said, because of the high moisture
content.
Nueva Ecija 1st District Representative Estrellita Suansing sided with the farmers and
invited Dansal to personally visit her province to check out the prices there.
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JMJ Marist Brothers
Because of the low selling price, farmers proposed that the government implement a
floor price, which would set a limit to how low palay prices can go down. Some groups
suggested a floor price that would match the production cost of around P12, while
others proposed a lower P10 per kilo.
There is no mention of a floor price in the rice tariffication law. Other measures related
to the pricing of goods may also have to be amended.
"It sounds good, that is protection, but I will have to defer to the ones that proposed the
measure as to the details," Agriculture Undersecretary Ariel Cayanan said.
Aside from the floor price, farmers are also asking for the faster disbursement of cash
assistance and better implementation of rice programs, which are specified in the law. –
Rappler.com
Problems in rice farming: a Filipino farmers' perspective [2009]
Arida, I.A., Philippine Rice Research Inst., Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva
Ecija (Philippines). Socioeconomics Div.
http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PH2009001446
There are several problems besetting the rice industry in the country. This paper aimed
to identify the trends in common problems encountered by farmers. It also aimed to
determine which among these problems significantly affects rice production. Simple
statistical tools and production function were used in this study. The results revealed
that common problems encountered by rice farmers were: high cost of inputs, low price
of palay, lack of capital, labor problem, lack of postharvest facilities, pest and diseases
and irrigation system. The results also showed that lack of capital and pests and
diseases significantly affects production during wet season while irrigation system is a
significant factor for both seasons. This implies that an increase in these factors would
considerably reduce the output. On the contrary, the coefficients of low price of palay
and high cost of inputs, though found highly significant, do not conform to the expected
values. The implication is that an increase in these variables would result to an increase
in total output. For high cost of inputs, one possible reason why this problem could lead
to an increase in output is due to farmers' efficient use of inputs such as fertilizer and
pesticides. Similarly, low palay price may imply that farmers who yields more
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JMJ Marist Brothers
encounters a problem with unavailability of postharvest facilities and/or lack of drying

pavements, thus forcing them to sell their produce fresh despite its low price.
54

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JMJ Marist Brothers

Notre Dame of Marbel University

Department of Health (DOH) confirmed the increase in the rate of Human

syndrome or virus is transferable by having sexual intercourse. DOH implemented project

for the prevention of AIDS among our country Philippines.

Statement of the problem

1. What is your perception about DOH project?

2. Is DOH project effective or ineffective to prevent AIDS/HIV?

3. What are the perceived effects on students?

Scope and delimitation

understanding and feelings about the project.

The definition of terms is operational as it was used in the research study.

Views- student’s perception about the Department of Health project

Students- the participants on this research study

DOH- Department of Health who implemented this project

Project- the distribution of condoms in Public and Private Schools

Significance of the study

and teacher’s perception about the DOH project in AIDS/HIV prevention.

to avoid premarital sex and prevent AIDS/HIV.

To the teachers, the findings may contribute knowledge to them on how to be a

second-parent for students who are lack in parental guidance.

sides of the parties.

Review of Related Literatures and Review of Related Studies

Despite of numerous existence of qualitative research about drug abuse

Cooperative Agreement for AIDS Community-Based outreach, the methodologist and

ethnographers worked hard on research by providing interdisciplinary cooperation, the

problem such as AIDS/HIV. (Robert Carlson et.al.)

community response to this changing of nature and to developing science. There is a

traditional research method to encounter these challenges. (Elizabeth Y. Lambert M.

emphasized possible solutions like as creating prevention awareness of the disease by

generating knowledge and promoting disciplinary development among every youth.

The HIV/AIDS disease continues to be a growing public threat. While using

National Epidemiology Center, 2008).

The Review of Related Literature

attendances on school. Therefore, some professionals suggested that attendance cannot

study because of the poverty they are experiencing.

learnings to support HIV-positive learners to address the discrimination in the school

HIV-positive which has been passed to the child, especially on mothers.

analysis data from Demographic and Health Services (DMS).

every day life because of the disease they have.

understand their situation, which make them insecure.

Among 33 countries with generalized epidemics for example, 1-15% of pregnant

of children orphan or made vulnerable by HIV (UNGASS Country Progress Reports,

be assessed although national governments in nearly 73% of countries with generalized

as above average (UNAIDS, 2008)

targeted. (JLICA, 2008; Richter, 2008)

personal HIV-related needs were felt to be ignored at schools.

In a case study commissioned by UNESCO in Tanzania also found the Ministry of

at the school level (UNESCO and ESART, forthcoming 2009).

in schools and pre-schools to protect children as far as possible from opportunistic

schools with HIV-positive children (UNESCO and ESART, forthcoming 2009).

Experiences in Tanzania suggests that problematic teacher-pupil relationship

relationships and HIV education (Plummer, et al, 2008). Inappropriate teacher-student

relationships were found to be widespread, affecting the quality of learning (Ramos,

marks, access to the content of examinations and grade progression.

sick-pay and educational lectures for the students. (Dominique Moran)

increase poverty in the country.

cases of AIDS/HIV might slow economic growth rate. (Eberstadt, 2002)

Most country affected by AIDS/HIV is high rate of unemployed working population

workers and government will decline employing unskilled workers as concerned in

economic growth. (Haacker, 2002)

economic growth, decrease government revenues and also boost expenditures.

population of unemployed graduates which can also result to poverty.

(Gordon and Crehan, undated)