Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions

MATH146
Calculus 1
 Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to

• recall the definition of hyperbolic functions;
• recognize and appreciate the graphs of hyperbolic functions;
• apply some hyperbolic identities to simplify the given function/s;
• identify derivatives of hyperbolic functions; and
• evaluate with accuracy problems involving derivatives of hyperbolic
functions.
 Lesson 3: Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions

TRANSCENDENTAL FUNCTIONS
1. logarithmic and exponential functions
2. trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions
3. hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic functions

Note:
Each pair of functions above is an inverse to each other.
 Definition of the Hyperbolic Functions
Consider six exponential functions of which properties are very similar to those of the
trigonometric functions. Because of their relation to the equilateral hyperbola, they are
called the hyperbolic functions.
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
1. 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = 2
5. 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥(ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥)
1 2
= =
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
2. 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = 6. 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑥(ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥)
2
1 2
= = 𝑥≠0
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
3. 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = =
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
4. 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑥 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑐 cot 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = = 𝑥≠0
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
Graph of Hyperbolic Functions
HYPERBOLIC IDENTITIES
•
DERIVATIVES OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
•
• Examples. Differentiate the following hyperbolic functions and express the final
answer in the simplest form.
1. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑥 4. 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 𝑥
𝑑
𝑦 ′ = cosh2x (2𝑥) 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
= 2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥 𝐹 ′ 𝑥 = 2𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= 2cschx −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑥(1)
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥 = −2𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2𝑥 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑥 5. 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 cosh 𝑥 3
3𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 3
𝑦′ =
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 3
3. 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥 2
= 3𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥 3

𝑑 𝑑
𝑔′ 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥 2 −𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥 + sech 𝑥 2𝑥 = 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥
•

• 6. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ2𝑥
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2𝑥 −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 2𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ2𝑥 −𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ2𝑥(2)
= −2𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2𝑥(𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ2𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ2𝑥)
= −2𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2𝑥(𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 2𝑥 + 1)
= −2𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ2 2𝑥 8. 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥
1
𝐹′ 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 𝑥
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 𝑥
7. 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ2 3𝑥 =
𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥
1
𝑔′ 𝑥 = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ3𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 3𝑥(3) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ2 3𝑥
6𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 3𝑥
=
𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ3𝑥
1
6 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 3𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑥
6 2
= ∙
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑥 2
12
= recall: sinh 2x = 2sinhxcoshx
2𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ3𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑥
12
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ6𝑥
= 12 csch 6𝑥
Application.
Hyperbolic functions can be obtained in vibratory motion inside elastic solids
and problems involving mechanical energy absorbed by surrounding medium. They
can also occur when a homogenous, flexible cable form a curve called catenary.
Problem:
Power cables are suspended between two towers, forming catenary. If the
𝒙
equation of the catenary is 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 and the distance between the two
𝒂
towers is 2b. Find the slope of the catenary at the point where the cable meets the
right-hand tower.
Solutions:
𝑥
𝑦=𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ since , 𝑦 ′ = 𝑚, therefore at b the slope is given by
𝑎
𝑥 1 𝑏
𝑦′ = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑚 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ
𝑎
 Exercises. Find the first derivative of the given function and
simplify the result

1. 𝑦 = 2 cosh 𝑥 2 6. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥

2. 𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 5𝑦 7. 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 𝑥

3. 𝐺 𝑥 = coth 4 3 𝑥 8. 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑥 2

1
4. 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑥 9. 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ
𝑥

5. ℎ 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 10. 𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑦 , 𝑦 > 0