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Architecture Diagram:
This is a basics architecture of Oracle RAC, We will discuss about new features/additions in 11g
in each sections.
RAC components
Oracle clusterware
Cluster interconnects
Below are the three major type of shared storage which are using in RAC
Raw volumes: A raw logical volume is an area of physical and logical disk space that is under
the direct control of an application such as database or partition rather than under the direct
control of the operating system or a file system. This as the only available option in 9i.
Cluster File system: This option is not widely used and here the cluster file
system such as Oracle Cluster file system (OCFS) for MS Windows and Linux
holding the all datafiles of RAC database
Automatic Storage Management (ASM): Oracle recommended storage
option which is optimized for cluster file system for Oracle database files
introduced in Oracle 10g.
Oracle Clusterware
Clusterware is the mandatory piece of software which is required to run Oracle RAC option,it
provides the basic clustering support at OS level and enables oracle software to run in cluster
mode.
Clusterware enables nodes to communicate each other and forms the cluster that make the nodes
work as a single logical server.
Clusterware is managed by cluster ready services (CRS) using the Oracle Cluster registry (OCR)
and voting disk
Oracle clusterware uses CRS for interaction between the OS and the Database.CRS have
five components - namely Process Monitor daemon (OPROCd: obsolete in 11gR2),CRS
daemon(CRSd),Oralce Custer Synchronization Service
daemon(OCSSd),Event Volume Manager daemon(EVMd) and the Oracle Notification Service
(ONS)
CRS is installed and run from ORA_CRS_HOME in 10g and GRID_HOME in 11g
Whenever state of cluster resource changes ONS process in each node will communicate with
each other and exchange the high availability information.
OCR uses the cluster registry to keep the configuration information. This
should be a shared storage and should be accessible to all the nodes in
the cluster simultaneously.This shared storage is known as Oracle cluster registry (OCR)
Similar to OCR, introduces in 11gR2 but it only stores information about the
local node. It is not shared by other nodes of cluster and used by OHASd
while starting or joining a cluster.
Voting Disk
A voting disk is a shared diks that will be accessed by all the member of the
nodes in the cluster.It is used as central referece for all the nodes and keeps
the heartbeat information between the nodes.If any of the node is unable to
ping the voding disk,cluster immediatly recogonize the comminucation
failure and envicts the node from the cluster.
Cluster interconnect
It is the communication path used by the cluster for the synchronization of resources and it is
also used in some cases for transfer of data from one instance to another.Typically, the
interconnect is a network connections that is dedicated to the server nodes of a cluster (thus
is sometimes referred as private interconnect)
Single Client Access Name (SCAN)-11gR2
SCAN is a single network name that resolves in three different IPs registered in DNS or GNS.
Prior the 11g R2 if we add or remove a node from cluster it was required to changes the
connection setting in client . By configuring the connection using SCAN name this problem is
eliminated.
Set of additional background process in each instance is known as oracle kernel components in
RAC environment.Since buffer and shared pool became global in RAC , special handling is
required to manage the resources to avoid conflicts and corruption.Additional background
process (for RAC) and single instance background process works together and achieved this.
In Oracle RAC each instance will have its own cache but it is required for an instance to access
the data blocks currently residing in another instance cache.This management and data sharing
is done by Global Cache services (GCS). Blocks other than data such as locks, enqueue details
and shared across the instances are known as Global Enqueue Services (GES).
In a cluster group, then centre repository formed by all the resources is known as Global
Resource Directory (GRD).GRD is managed by GCS and GES.
LMS- Lock Manager Server Process is used in Cache Fusion.It enebles consistent copies of
blocks to be transfered from a holding instance's buffer cache to a requesting instance bufer
cache with out a disk write under certian conditions.
It rollbacks any uncommitted transactions for any blocks that are being requested for a consistent
read by the remote instance.
LMON:Global Enqueue Services Monitor
LMD-Lock Manager Daemon process manages Enqueue manager service requests for GCS. It
also handles deadlock detection and remote resource requests.
LCK-Lock Process manages instance resource requests and cross-instance call operations for
shared resources.
DIAG Process
Separate process using for diagnostic purpose, PMON will start incase this process dies.DIAG
process will not affect any other background process.